BRIEF NOTES ON ANAEROBIC MICROBIAL INOCULUM, EFFLUENT OF DRDO

BIO DIGESTER & WORKING OF B.E.T. LAB OF C & W, JABALPUR, WCR.

Namaskar, good morning & welcome you all to this training session. Myself is S.K.
Anand, a re-engaged employee posted as a CMS incharge of B.E.T. lab, C&W, JBP, WCR.
Dear you all are lucky as you all are nominated to this training classes conducted under the
supervision of our officers specially CDO sir, Sr.DME sir & others, whose blessings will always
be with you all, so do your best & try to gain the maximum knowledge during the session.
Best of luck to all of you & before I start the session, I need one promise from you all that
after attending this training, you will improve your working with more expertise attitude.
Now come to the point & today I will try to give you brief knowledge about Bio tanks,
working of Bio laboratory & other related matters.
The human waste/excreta is the by-product of food digestion & comprises of faeces
& urine. It has foul smelling compounds & may contain pathogenic bacteria, viruses &
parasites which are responsible for various diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery,
typhoid & hepatitis. These diseases occur due to the contamination of drinking water or
food by human waste. The human waste needs to be treated before discharge in to the
environment by suitable technologies like Anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter,
having its inherent advantages, like it does not require oxygen, energy, the sludge generated
is very less, it inactivates the pathogens present in the human waste.
The Indian Railways is one of the biggest public carriers in the world. Until now,
human waste generated during journey in the toilets was discharged on the rail tracks & at
railway stations, thus creating aesthetic nuisance, foul smell, breeding place for insects &
source of various diseases.
Bio digester technology developed by DRDO/ Gwalior has proven its worthiness as
an on-site, effective, environment-friendly & cost-effective treatment of human faecal
matter (excreta) in various geo-climatic conditions of India ranging from high altitude cold
Himalayan region to plain areas as well as sea coasts & islands. It has also been found
suitable for mobile platforms, Indian railways passenger coaches. This technology has been
licensed to more than 75 industries for implementation in the country. Bio digester
technology has two components- specially designed fermentation tank (Bio digester) & cold-
active anaerobic microbial inoculum (AMI). The performance monitoring & effectiveness of
the decomposition & biodegradation process mediated by the AMI bacteria in bio digester
can be determined by quality testing of AMI & effluent of the bio digester.
When human waste or excreta comes in contact with bacteria, it gets converted in to
methane & water through series of steps of anaerobic digestion- hydrolysis, acedogenesis,
acetogenesis & methanogenesis.
Here in Jabalpur division our holding of coaches is presently 751, out of which 706
coaches are fitted with Bio digesters & the remaining 45 coaches will be fitted with bio
digesters in this month, thus we will achieve 100 % target.
The only Bio Laboratory of WCR and unique in its own kind was set up in the
coaching depot which started functioning since 27.07.2018. In this lab Bio-effluent samples
around 360--380 per month from all the three divisions namely Jabalpur, Kota and Bhopal
are being tested on regular basis. Besides 100 % store samples of cleaning/disinfectant
chemicals deposited by OBHS, Other End, Pest control, Mechanised cleaning & Laundry
contractors in addition to failed and complaint Bio effluent samples of coaches are also
tested here, thus monitoring the quality & quantity of these chemicals, proper functioning
of the Bio- toilets, try to control & minimise the passenger’s complaints. The laboratory
testing results are daily advised to the concerned Mechanical counterparts, who in return in
all the abnormal cases take immediate remedial measures & try to overcome the
abnormalities.
Performance parameters for AMI (Bacteria)
(a) PH value ---------------------- 6.5 to 8.0
(b) Bio gas ------------------------ > 50 % of total volume of flask after 48 hours.
(c) Inflammability -------------- Inflammable.
(d) % Methane ------------------ > 40 % after 72 hours.
(e) MPN for Methanogens---- > 10 / ml.
(f) Total Solids ------------------ 3-4 %.
Performance parameters for effluent of DRDO Bio digester.
(a) PH value ------------------------------------- 6 to 9
(b) Total Solids (TS) ---------------------------- < 675 mg/100 ml.
(c) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ------------- < 350 mg/100 ml.
(d) Total Volatile Solids (TVS) --------------- < 475 mg/100 ml.
(e) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ----- < 1800 mg O2/ltr or PPM.
(f) Faecal Coliforms Count (FCFC) --------- < 10 CFU /100 ml.
In Bio Effluent samples we are carrying out the four tests & they are—
(a) PH value—shows whether the sample is acidic or basic/alkaline in nature. Water is
neutral in nature & is having 7 PH. If PH of any solution is less than 7 then it is acidic &
if it is more than 7 then it is alkaline (basic) in nature. Highly acidic or highly alkaline
solutions will have adverse effects on the Rails, man & machines & on the
Environments.
(b) Total Solids (TS)—shows the amount of total solids available in the effluent sample.
(c) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)—shows the amount of total dissolved solids available in
the effluent sample.
(d) Total Volatile Solids (TVS)—shows the amount of total volatile solids available in the
effluent sample.
The other two tests- COD & FCFC are not tested here at Jabalpur Bio laboratory
due to non availability of instruments. Presently these tests are being carried out from
NALRC, Bengaluru (Karnataka).
The main chemicals used in our Railways are- Dr Phenyl disinfectant fluid, APC-F
coach/floor fragrance cleaner, Taski R-5/Freshex spring dew air freshener, Taski R-3
glass cleaner, Royal ink retarder/Graffiti remover, Colin/ Kleen & shine glass cleaner,
Pearl/Fem hand wash, Sterix super toilet cleaner, ELQ Maxima fresh hand wash,
Sterimop HF disinfectant fluid, Hit mosquito repellent, Odonil deodorant sticks, Pest
control & Rodent control chemicals, Laundro det-L liquid detergent, Laundro Mulse-E
super emulsifier, Laundro Boost-LHP alkali booster/builder, Laundro Chlor-10 %
chlorine bleach, Laundro Rinse-C chlorine neutralizer, Laundro Soft-N
fragrance/softener.
If any chemical failed in lab testing then the supplier/contractor is asked to replace
the material. All contractors are supposed to submit their required quantity of
chemicals up to 25th of every month, failing which they are imposed with the penalty.
My personal thanks to all of you for attending this lecture with great patience &
interest. In case of any doubt/query feel free to contact me in lab at any time during
working hours or contact me at my mobile no. 7869388857, 7869333097. Thanks once
again & best of luck for your future life.

_ *_*_*_*_*_*_*_
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ATTENDANCE OF TRAINEES OF BATCH NO ………… UNDER SAKSHAM – II

Sr. Name of Trainee Designation Working Attendance on

No. & Ticket No. under Section Mon Tue Wed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

ATTENDANCE OF STAFF WHO ATTENDED TRAINING UNDER SAKSHAM-II

IN COACHING DEPOT, WCR, JABALPUR.

SR.NO. NAME OF EMPLOYEE & TICKET NO. DESIGNATION SECTION MON TUE WED
1ST BATCH -- 17.6.19 TO 21.6.19.
1 Smt parvati Marabi. Helper New Sickline   

2 Miss Renu Namdeo Helper Bio Lab   

3 Shri Sonelal Uikey MCM Passenger Yard   

4 Shri Jagat Narayan MCM Passenger Yard   

5 Shri Santosh Patel Helper M&P   

6 Shri Ravi Shankar Kumar MCM A.R.T X  X

2nd BATCH -- 24.6.19 TO 28.6.19.

1 Shri Imran Khan, 617 Helper Laundry   
2 Shri Bhuwan lal Jhariya, 145 Tech - II Passenger Yard   X

3 Shri Sandeep Prakash, 104 Tech - I Passenger Yard   

4 Shri Madan lal, 180 Tech - II Passenger Yard   

5 Shri Lokendra Chandwadkar, 506 Helper Passenger Yard   

6 Shri Sunil Kumar, 23 Tech - I Passenger Yard   

7 Shri Ramdin, 438 Helper New Sickline   

8 Smt Lalmati, 266 Tech - II New Sickline   

9 Smt Sabooja Bai Tech - II Loco Rake Maint.  X X

3rd BATCH -- 01.7.19 TO 05.7.19.

1 Smt Kirti Maurya Helper Laundry   

2 Smt Ragni Rawal Helper New Sickline   

3 Shri Aslam Ali Helper New Sickline   

4 Shri Dharmendra Ahirwar Helper R A/ Old Sickline X  

5 Smt Sheela Devi MCM Rake Maint X X 

4th BATCH -- 08.7.19 TO 12.7.19.

1 Shri Gulam Gaus Ansari, 599 Helper New Rake Maint   

2 Shri Jitendra Kumar Agrawal, 406 Helper Linen   

3 Shri Sewak Singh, 20/ Z-1 MCM M&P   

4 Shri Sohan Lal, 180/ R Tech - II Passenger Yard   

5 Shri Deepak Sahu Helper R A/ Old Sickline   X

6 Shri Robert, 2 MCM New Sickline   

7 Shri Dharmendra Ahirwar, 671 Helper R A/ Old Sickline   X

8 Shri Rajkumar Sonkar, 497 Helper New Rake Maint   

9 Shri Shyam Lal Pal, 156 Tech - II Stores   

10 Smt Rajkumari Baudhliya Helper New Rake Maint   

11 Smt Madhuri Mishra, 37 Tech - I New Sickline   

12 Smt Ranjan Khare, 202 Tech - III New Sickline   

13 Smt Aashiya Begum, 180/ P Tech - II Loco Rake Maint.   

14 Shri Manoj Singh Yadav Helper Train Lighting X  X

15 Shri Devki Nandan Helper Train Lighting X  X

SR.NO. NAME OF EMPLOYEE & TICKET NO. DESIGNATION SECTION MON TUE WED
5th BATCH -- 15.7.19 TO 19.7.19.
1 Shri Shailesh Choubey, 313 Painter- II New Sickline  X X

2 Shri Raju Sitaram, 268 MCM,Trimmer New Sickline   

3 Shri Satish Kumar Meena, 180/A Tech - II Rake Maintenance   

4 Shri Chander Shekhar Pilley MCM,Welder A.R.T/Breakdown   

5 Shri Mukesh Dass, 426 R.A. Attendent R A/ Old Sickline   

6 Shri Arvind Kumar Dagor R.A. Attendent R A/ Old Sickline   

7 Shri Hari Prasad Parihar, 20/Z-8 MCM,Fire Ext. New Sickline X  

8 Shri Manoj Kumar Sharma, 46 Helper Linen X  

9 Shri Deepak Sahu Helper R A/ Old Sickline X X 

10 Smt Bhagwati Patel, 154 Tech - II Store/Old Sickline   

6th BATCH -- 22.7.19 TO 26.7.19.