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Increased time in target range (TTR) for systolic blood pressure predicted
a decreased risk of a composite cardiovascular outcome
(nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death) in
patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Action to Control
Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure (ACCORD BP) trial.
The reduced risk of this primary outcome was similar in patients with a
target systolic blood pressure of 120 to 140 mmHg (standard therapy
group) or 110 to 130 mmHg (intensive therapy group).
Why This Matters
Patients were a mean age of 63; 49% were women, 34% were Black, and
34% had cardiovascular disease at baseline.
During exposure time (0 to 4 months), in the standard and intensive
therapy groups, mean systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg and 131
mmHg (P < .001) and the variability was by 12.3 mmHg versus 13.6
mmHg (P < .001).
TTR was similar in the standard and intensive therapy groups (45.9% vs
45.6%; P = .76), and so the two groups were combined to maximize
statistical power.
Systolic blood pressure was in the target range:
o < 25% of the time in 31% of patients
o 25% to < 50% of the time in 21% of patients
o 50% to < 75% of the time in 23% of patients
o 75% to 100% of the time in 25% of patients
During a mean follow-up of 5 years, the primary outcome occurred in 280
participants.
A 1-unit standard deviation increase in TTR was associated with
decreased risks of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR],
0.83; P = .0026), all-cause mortality (HR, 0.83; P = .018), cardiovascular
death (HR, 0.70; P = .0045), and nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR,
0.85; P = .034), all after adjusting for sex, age, Black race, education,
glycemia group, blood pressure group, smoking status, baseline
cardiovascular disease history, body mass index, A1c, total cholesterol,
estimated glomerular filtration rate, and baseline systolic blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure TTR had a greater effect on outcomes in thinner
participants (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 vs > 30 kg/m2).
Limitations