Important Formulae Of Physics Part 2

1. Motion of charged particle kept in Uniform Electric Field

2. Motion of Charged particle Moving with
u velocity in Uniform Electric Field

3. Motion of Charged particle Moving with u velocity and

Projected at some angle in Uniform Electric Field
The potential energy of a system of charged particles is defined
as the negative of the work done to
bring those charges from infinity to the desired position. Let
charges q1 and q2 be separated initially by infinite distance.
Now, charge q2 is brought from infinity to r. Thus, the
separation between the two point charges is r. Therefore, the
potential energy is:
The electric potential (also called the electric field
potential, potential drop, the electrostatic potential) is
defined as the amount of work energy needed to move a
unit of electric charge from a reference point to the
specific point in an electric field. More precisely, it is the
energy per unit charge for a test charge that is so small
that the disturbance of the field under consideration is
negligible.
 Parameter Conductor Semiconductor Insulator

Definition A material that allows electric current to pass A material that has conductivity in between Materials that do not allow the
through it very easily. conductors and insulators. electric current to pass through them.

Forbidden Energy Gap No energy gap i.e. the conduction band Small energy gap (approx. 1 eV). Very large energy gap (approx. 15 eV).
overlap the valance band.

- -
Conductivity High Conductivity (of the order of 10 Intermediate conductivity (ranging from 10 Very low conductivity(of the order of
7 7 -13 -13
mho/m). mho/m to 10 mho/m). 10 mho/m).

Conduction Due to free electrons. Due to movement of both electrons and No conduction.
holes (positive charge carriers).
-5 -5 5 5
Resistivity Low (of the order of 10 Ω/m). Intermediate (from 10 Ω/m to 10 Ω/m). Very high (of the order of 10 Ω/m).

Temperature Positive Negative Negative

Coefficient of
Resistivity

Valance Electrons in Less than 4 4 More than 4

Outermost Shell

Examples Metals like silver (best conductor), gold, Silicon, Germanium, Gallium, Arsenide etc. Air, Mica, Glass, Paper, Porcelain,
copper, aluminium etc. Wood etc.
The capacitors also known as Electric-condenser is a two-terminal electric component which has the
ability or capacity to store energy in the form of an electric charge. Capacitors are usually designed to
enhance and increase the effect of capacitance considering the capacitor’s size and shape. The storage
capacity of capacitance varies from small storage to high storage.