GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 2

Learning Competency:

Represents real-life situations using rational functions.M11GM-Ib-1

Distinguishes rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality.MG11M-Ib-2
Solves problems involving rational equations, and inequalities. M11GM-IC-3
Represents a rational function through its: (a)table of values, (b)graph, and (c)equation.
M11GM-Ib-4
Finds the domain and range of a rational function. M11GM-Ib-5
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances learning,
that is important to develop and keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.

5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons in the
module.

 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module
Acknowledgements

Writer: Lito B. Diaz – MT II

Editor: Dr. John Rainier Rizardo, Master Teacher II
Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math
Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim
Schools Division Superintendent, SDO-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Lucky S. Carpio
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
LESSON 5 Rational Function Lady Hannah C Gillo
Librarian II-LRMS

EXPECTATIONS

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 You will represent real-life situations using rational function. Specifically, this module will help
you to:

define rational function;

determine whether the given function is a rational, not a rational or undefined; and

represent real-life situations using rational function.

Let us start your journey in

learning more on rational function. I
am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and
PRETEST Enjoy!

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. For the function to be defined as rational, the denominator should be.

A. Not equal to 0 B. Equal to 0 C. Undefined D. Equal to 1

2. Which of the following is a rational function?

A.
x+ 4
=5 B. f ( x )=
3 x−6
C. f ( x )=
√ 3 x+5 D. f ( x )=x +6
3 5 x +2 2 x −1

For 3-5 refer to the problem given.

A company has a budget of P100,000 to be divided equally among its various offices. The
administration office of the company receives twice the amount of money than the other offices.

3. Given 𝑥 as the number of offices in the company, which of the following shows the function
f ( x ) which would give the amount of money each of the non-administration offices would
receive?
100,000 100,000 100,000
A. f ( x )= B. f ( x )= C. f ( x )= D. None
x x +1 x +2

4. If the company had seven offices, which of the amount would the administration office receive?
A. P12, 500 B. P15, 000 C. P25, 000 D. P30, 000

5. Which of the following amount would the non-administration offices receive?

A. P12, 500 B. P15, 000 C. P25, 000 D. P30, 000

Great, you are finished answering

the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

P(x)
Rational Function is a function of the form f ( x )= where 𝑃(𝑥) and 𝑄(𝑥) are
Q(x )
polynomial function and 𝑄(𝑥) is not the zero function (𝑄(𝑥)≠0). Recall that a polynomial
function p of degree n is a function that can be written in the form
n n−1 n−2
p ( x ) =an x + an−1 x +a n−2 x + …+a 1 x+ a0, where a 0, a 1, … a n ∈ R , a n ≠ 0, and n is a positive
integer. Each addend of the sum is a term of the polynomial function. The constants 𝑎0, 𝑎1, 𝑎𝟐,
… , 𝑎𝑛 are the coefficients. The leading coefficient is 𝑎𝑛. The leading term is 𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑛, and the
constant term is 𝑎0.
Example 1. Given the polynomial function 𝑝(𝑥) = 8 + 3𝑥− 5𝑥𝟐 −𝑥3, find:
(a) The degree of the polynomial (Highest exponent in the polynomial) (𝟑)
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(b) The leading coefficient (Constant term in the leading term) (−𝑥3) = (-1)
(c) The constant term (an integer without variable or letter) (8)
(d) The number of zeroes (Depends on the degree of the polynomial) (3)

Example 2. Determine whether the following function is a rational, not a rational or undefined.
2
x −4
(a) f ( x )= Rational Function
x +2
(b) f ( x )=x 2 +10 x+ 25 Not a rational function

(c) f ( x )= √
3
x −27
Not a rational function
x−3
x +3
(d) f ( x )= Not a rational function
4
|x 2−3 x +1|
(e) f ( x )= −3
Not a rational function
2 x +x
x−5
(f) f ( x )= Undefined
0

Many real-life situations can be represented by rational functions; hence, living in the world
makes it easier and lighter. Below are some of the examples of a real-life situations wherein rational
function is very helpful. Let’s take a look to some of these.

Example 1. An object is to travel a distance of 30 meters. Express velocity v as a function of

travel time t, in seconds.
Solution. The following table of values show v for various values of t.
t (seconds) 1 5 10 15 30

v (meters per second) 30 6 3 2 1

30
The function v ( t )= can represent v as a function of t.
t

Example 2. In an inter-school volleyball league, the team from STEM 1 has won 10 out of 25
games, a winning percentage of 40%. We have seen that they need to win 75 games consecutively
to raise their percentage to at least 85%. What will be their winning percentage if they win:
(a) 8 games in a row?
(b) 15? 30? 60? 100? 150 games?
(c) Can they reach a 100% winning percentage?
Solution. Let 𝑥 be the number of wins the team STEM 1 needs to win in a row. Then the
percentage 𝑝 is a function of the number of wins that the team needs to win. The function can be
10+ x
written as : p ( x ) =
25+ x
Construct a table of values for 𝑝(𝑥):

𝑥 8 15 30 60 100 150 200 300

𝑝(𝑥) 0.55 0.63 0.73 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95

Even if the team wins 300 consecutive games, the team still cannot reach a 100% winning
percentage. Note that the denominator 25 + x is greater than the numerator, so 100% cannot be
achieved. This is reasonable, since the team has lost 15 games already, so they cannot be
“perfect”.
7t
Example 3. Suppose that c ( t ) = (in mg/mL) represents the concentration of a drug in a
3 t 2+ 1
patient’s bloodstream t hours after the drug was administered. Construct a table of values for
c(t) for t = 1, 2, 5, 10. Round off answers to three decimal places. Interpret your answers in
relation to drug concentration.
Solution.

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 Construct a table of values for 𝑐𝑐(𝑡𝑡):
t 0 1 2 5 10

c(t) 0 1.75 1.077 0.461 0. 233

After 1 hour, the drug concentration decreases until it is almost zero.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Find the degree of the polynomial, the leading coefficient, the constant term, and the
number of zeroes given the following polynomial functions:
1. f ( x )=2 x 3−5 x 2+10 x +14 2. f ( x )=−x 2 +5 x−19

Activity 2. Determine which of the following is a rational function, not a rational function or
undefined.
1
x−7 2
x + 7 x +10 3
1. f ( x )= 2. f ( x )= 3. f ( x )= 2 x +5 x−4
√ x3 −343 x +2 x−3

2 x2 −2 x−12 9 x−5
4. f ( x )= 5. f ( x )=3 x 2−18 x +15 6. f ( x )=
2 x+ 4 0

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is a rational function?
1
2
x +5 x −8 x+ 16 4
A. f ( x )= B. f ( x )= √ 5 x+ 4 C. f ( x )= D. f ( x )= x −3 x +2
x−1 4 x−2

2. Which of the following statement is true?

A. In a polynomial function 3 x 3−5 x+7 , the leading coefficient is 7.
p ( x)
B. A function of the form f ( x )= , 𝑞(𝑥) is not the zero function.
q(x)
C. The number of zeroes in a polynomial function cannot be more than two.
D. None of the above.

3-5 Refer to the problem.

A company has a budget of P200,000 to be divided equally among its various offices. The
accounting office of the company receives twice the amount of money than the other offices.

3. Given 𝑥 as the number of offices in the company, which of the following shows the function
(𝑥) which would give the amount of money each of the non-administration offices would
receive?
200,000 200,000 200,000
A. f ( x )= B. f ( x )= C. f ( x )= D. None
x x +1 x +2

4. If the company had nine offices, which of the amount would the accounting office receive?
A. ₱ 10, 000 B. ₱ 15, 000 C. ₱ 20, 000 D. ₱
40, 000
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5. Which of the following amount would the non-accounting office’s receive?
A. ₱ 10, 000 B. ₱ 15, 000 C. ₱ 20, 000 D. ₱ 40, 000

LESSON 6 Rational Function, Rational Equation and

Rational Inequality

EXPECTATIONS
You will distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality
Specifically, this module will help you to:

Define rational function, rational equation, rational inequality and rational expression;

Determine which is rational function, rational equation and rational inequality; and

Distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality.

Let us start your journey in

PRETEST learning more on rational equations and
inequalities. I am sure you are ready
and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile
and Enjoy!

Analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following terms define as an equation involving rational expression?
A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

3 x −10 4
2. The expression > is an example of.
X +4 9
A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

3. Which of the following is NOT a rational function?

2 2
x+ 4 3 x−6 x +5 3−4 x
A. =5 B. f ( x ) = ( )
C. f x = D. f ( x )=
3 4 +5 x 2 x−1 2+5 x

4. Which of the following terms define as the quotient of two polynomials?

A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

10 x +3 3 x
5. The expression 7− X+ 6 = 8 is an example of.
A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

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 Great, you finished answering the questions.
You may request your facilitator to check your
work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

A rational equation is an equation involving rational expressions ( e . g . 5x − 43x = 417x ). A

( )
2
4 x +5 x +1 3
rational inequality is an inequality involving rational expressions e.g. ≥ . A
x +1 4 x +5
P (X )
rational function of the form f ( x )= where 𝑃(𝑥) and 𝑄(𝑥) are polynomial function and 𝑄(𝑥) is
Q(X )

(
not the zero function (𝑄(𝑥) ≠ 0) e . g . f ( x )=
4 x 2 +5 x+ 1
x +1 ).

Example. Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational equation, or rational
inequality or none of these.

3+ x
(a) =9 (Rational Equation)
x−1
5 x+1
(b) f ( x )=9− (Rational Function)
x 2−3
8
(c) 4 x ≤ (Rational Inequality)
3 x +5
(d) 5 x ≤ √ 6 x+3 (None of these)

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Given the following expression, decide whether each is a rational function, a rational
equation, and a rational inequality or none of these.

x2 +5
1. y=x 2 +2 x+1 2. f (x)=
2 x−1
3. √ x 2−4=8
2
x−3 3x 3−4 x 9 x−13 5 x
4. = 5. f (x)= 6. =
5 x +1 1−4 x 2+5 x 2 x +4 x +1
1
x−7 2+ x 3 2 x−2
7. f (x)= 8. ≥1 9. f ( x)= 2 x +5 x−4 10. =7
√ x −343
3
2−x x −3 x +4

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Activity 2. TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is TRUE. If not, write FALSE and give the
correct answer.

1. A rational expression is an expression that can be written as a product of two polynomials.

3 x −10 4
2. The expression > is an example of rational inequalities.
x +4 9

P( x )
3. A rational function of the form ( x )= where P ( x ) and Q ( x ) are polynomial function and Q ( x )
Q(x)
is a zero function.

2 x−13 3 x
4. The expression = is an example of rational equation.
x +4 x +1

x2 +5
5. The expression f ( x)= would become undefined if x value in the denominator is equal to
2 x−1
1
.
2

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following terms define as a ratio of two polynomials?

A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

3x+4 2
2. The expression < is an example of.
x−2 3
A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

3. Which of the following is NOT a rational function?

x+ 4 3 x−6 x 2+ 5 3−4 x−2
A. =5 B. f ( x )= C. ≤0 D. f ( x )=
3 4 +5 x 2 x−1 2+5 x

4. Which of the following terms define as the quotient of two polynomials?

A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

3 10 x +3 7 x
5. The expression 4 − x +2 = 8 is an example of.
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 A. Rational expression B. Rational function
C. Rational equation D. Rational inequality

LESSON 7 Problems Involving Rational Equations

and Inequalities
EXPECTATIONS

Solves problems involving rational equations and inequalities.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

Solve word problems involving rational equations, and inequalities;

Let us start your journey in

PRETEST learning more on rational equations and
inequalities. I am sure you are ready
and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile
and Enjoy!

A. Find solutions for each rational equation below. Check for extraneous solutions.

2
3 2 x −10 −14−5 x
1. = 3. =
x+1 x−3 x−1 x−1

2 5
+ =2 x2 −4 x 14−9 x
2. 4. =
x+1 2 x x−2 x−2

Great, you finished answering the questions.

You may request your facilitator to check your
work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Now we you already are a master in solving rational equations and inequalities! Indeed! You are now
more than ready to solve problems involving these concepts. Usual problem that involves solving
rational equation involves work-rate problems, water current-speed and more. Let’s now recall the
process of solving problem word problems:

STEPS IN SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS

According to George Polya, known as the father of modern problem solving the following are steps
to solve word problems:
Step 1: Understand the problem
Read the problem very carefully. List all the given data and identify variables that you can use in
forming a mathematical equation to solve the problem.
Step 2: Devise a plan (Translate)
When you devise a plan, you are translating given data and variables into a Mathematical
equation. Drawing a diagram or a chart can help you in analyzing given data to set up your
equation.
Step 3: Carry out the plan (Solve)
The next step is to solve the equation.
Step 4: Look back (Check and Interpret)
P a g e 9 | 19
 Last step is to check if the answer you obtained is correct.

EXAMPLE 1: Zoe can clean the house in 3 hours, but it takes Emherson 4 hours to do the same job.
How long would it take them to clean the garage if they worked together?

WORK-RATE EQUATION
If the first person does a job in time A, a second person does a job in time B, and together they
can do a job in time T (total). We can use the work-rate equation:
1 1 1
+ =
A B T
job per time A job per time B job per time T (team)

1
STEP 1: It takes Zoe 3 hours to do the work, So she does of the work each hour.
3
1
It takes Emherson 4 hours to do the work, So she does of the work each hour.
4

STEP 2: How long will it take if the two work together?

Let x= the number of hours it takes if they work together
1
So, together they do of the work each hour.
x

STEP 3: Since they are working together the sum of the two people individually equals the total.
1 1 1
+ =
3 4 x

STEP 4: Solve the equation:

1 1 1
+ = → eliminate the denominator by multiplying with the LCD = 12x
3 4 x

[ 1 1 1
]
+ = 12 x
3 4 x
→ 4 x+3 x=12 → 7 x=12 → x=
12
7
≈ 1.7

EXAMPLE 2: Eric can row 5 miles per hour in still water. It takes him as long to 4 miles upstream
as 16 miles downstream. How fast is the current?

WITH OR AGAINST (WIND OR CURRENT)

Use table to help organize all the information in the problem. The goal is to set up the
equation. We use equations for distance: where r = rate d=distance t=time
d d
d=rt r= t=
t r
Let x = speed in still water
c = speed of the current
in these kind of problems rate is to be expressed using two variables because moving upstream the
current is against you and downstream it moves with you.

Distance Rate Time

Upstream x-c
Downstream x+c

STEP 1: Fill in the given information to the distance and speed column.

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 Distance Rate Time
Upstream 4 5-c
Downstream 16 5+c

STEP 2: Fill in the column for the time using the other two columns considering that t = d/v
Distance Rate Time
Upstream 4
4 5-c
5−c
Downstream 16
16 5+c
5+c

STEP 3: Set up the equation:

Stated in the problem the phrase “ It takes as long …” it means that the time he rowed is equal to
each other, so we write

4 16
= this can be easily solved by cross multiplying
5−c 5+c

4 ( 5+c )=16 ( 5−c ) → 20+ 4 c=80−16 c → 4 c +16 c=80−20 → 20 c=60 → c=3

Thus, the speed of the current is 3 miles per hour.

ACTIVITY

Using the given hint. Complete the following steps and solve the problem.
PROBLEM: In a school’s basketball league, the team from Recto High has won 12 out of 25 games, a
winning percentage of 48%. How many games should they win in a row to improve their win
percentage to 60%

STEP 1:

HINT: Let x =represent the number of games that they need to win to raise their percentage of
winning to 60%. The team has already won 12 out of their 25 games. If they win x games in a row
to increase their percentage to 60%, then they would have played 12+x games out of 25+x games
the equation is

Total win= (a)________ Total Number of Games = (b)___________

STEP 2: The equation is rational equation. Solve the equation.

STEP 3:
→ HINT: to eliminate the denominator multiply the equation by (25 + x)
→ HINT: distribute .6 to 25 + x
→ HINT: Simplify
→ HINT: multiply the equation by 10 to get rid of the decimal
→ HINT: combine similar terms
→ HINT: divide both sides by 4
X = _______________

Since x represents the number of games, this number should be an integer. Therefore, Recto
P a g e 11 | 19
High needs to win _______ games in a row to raise their winning percentage to 60%.
 POSTTEST

Solve the following problems. Show every step for credit points.

1. John can build a pigpen twice as fast as Ruel. Working together, it takes them 5 hours. How
long would it have taken John working alone?

2. A plane flies 910 miles with the wind in the same time it can go 660 miles against the wind.
The speed of the plane in still air is 305 miles per hour. What is the speed of the wind?

LESSON 8 Representations of Rational Functions

EXPECTATIONS

You will be able to represent a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph,
and (c) equation.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 construct table of values;
 graph the rational function; and,
 represent the rational function using equation.

Let us start your journey in

PRETEST learning more on rational equations and
inequalities. I am sure you are ready
and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile
and Enjoy!

Analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

8
1. Given f ( x )= and a table values
x−4
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) -1.14 -1.33 -2 -4

Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥), if 𝑥 = −1?

A. -2 B. -1.6 C. -2.56 D. 1.6

P a g e 12 | 19
 2. Rational function can be represented by the following EXCEPT.
A. Table of values B. Equation C. Graph D. Picture

3. Refer to question #1, which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥) if 𝑥 = 1?
A. -2 B. -1.6 C. -2.56 D. 1.6

8
4. Which of the following graphs would be the graph of ( x )= ?
x−4

A. B.

C. D. None

5. Refer to question #1, which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥), if 𝑥 = 3?
A. -2 B. -8 C. -2.56 D. 8

Great, you finished answering the questions.

You may request your facilitator to check your
work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

P ( x)
A rational function of the form f ( x )= where 𝑃(𝑥) and 𝑄(𝑥) are polynomial function and
Q( x )
𝑄(𝑥) is not the zero function (𝑄(𝑥) ≠ 0).

x−3
Example 1. Represent f ( x )= using a table of values and plot a graph of the function by
x +3
connecting points.

Solution:
1. Let us construct a table of values for some 𝑥𝑥−values from -5 to 5.
𝑥 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓(𝑥) 4 7 Und. -5 -2 -1 -0.5 -0.2 0 0.14 0.25

2. Plotting and connecting the points we get:

P a g e 13 | 19
 B

I J

F G H
D E

Why would the graph unexpectedly break the smooth curve and jump from the point B to point C?
The answer is that it doesn’t! Let us take a look at the function again:

x−3
f ( x )=
x +3

Observe that the function will be undefined at 𝑥𝑥 = −3. This means that there cannot be a line
connecting point 7 and point -5 as this implies that there is point in the graph of the function where
𝑥 = −3. We will cover this aspect of graphs of rational functions in a future lesson, so for now we just
present a partial graph for the function above as follows:

9
Example 2. Given f ( x )=
x−2
1. Construct a table of values using the numbers from -3 to 7.
2. Plot the points in the Cartesian plane and determine whether the points from a smooth
curve or a straight line.

Solution:
1. Let us construct a table of values for some 𝑥−values from -3 to 7
𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓(𝑥) -1.8 -2.25 -3 -4.5 -9 Und. 9 4.5 3 2.25 1.8

2. Plotting and connecting the points, we get:

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Construct a table of values for the following functions using the integers from -5 to 4.

5 2 x+ 4
A. f ( x )= B. f ( x )= 2
x−3 x −4
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Activity 2. Refer to Activity #1, show the graph of the given function.

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
7
For 1-5, Given f ( x )= and a table of values
x−3
𝑥 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) -0.88 -1.17 -1.40 -2.33 -3.50 -7 7

1. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥), if 𝑥 = −1?

A. -1 B. -1.40 C. -1. 75 D. -3.50
2. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥), if 𝑥 = 3?
A. -1 B. 0 C. -1.75 D. Undefined
3. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥) if 𝑥 = 1?
A. -1 B. -1.40 C. -1.75 D. -3.5
4. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓(𝑥) if 𝑥 = −4?
A. -1 B. -1.40 C. -1.75 D. -3.50
7
5. Which of the following graphs would be the graph of f ( x )= ?
x−3
A. B.

C. D. None

LESSON 9 Domain and Range of Rational Function

EXPECTATIONS
You will be able to finds the domain and range of a rational function.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 Define domain and range of the rational function;
P a g e 15 | 19
  Find the domain of the rational function; and,
 Find the range of the rational function.

PRETEST Let us start your journey in

learning more on rational equations and
inequalities. I am sure you are ready
and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile
and Enjoy!

Analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following terms defined as the set of all values that 𝑓(𝑥) will take?
A. Domain B. Range C. Asymptote D. Intercept
2. Which of the following terms defined as the set of all values that the variable 𝑥 can
take?
A. Domain B. Range C. Asymptote D. Intercept

−5
3. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the domain of the function?
x +2
A. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 = 2} B. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 = −5} C. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥≠−2} D. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥≠ 5}

−5
4. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the range of the function?
x +2
−5
A. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 2} B. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 0} C. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦≠−2} D. {𝑦 𝜖 R∨ y ≠ }
2

2 x−3
5. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the range of the function?
3 x+ 6
2 1
A. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 2} B. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 ≠ } C. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦≠−2} D. {𝑦 𝜖 R∨ y= }
3 2

Great, you finished answering the questions.

You may request your facilitator to check your
work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Domain of a function is the set of all the values that the variable x can take or the set of
values for which the function is defined. This can be done by equating the denominator to zero to
solve for x.
Range of a function is the set of all values that 𝑓(𝑥) will take. The domain and range of a
function can be written in two ways:
Set Notation: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≠ 1}
Interval Notations: (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, +∞)

4
Example 1. Consider the function f ( x )= , find the domain and its range.
x +2

Solution:
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 4
To get the domain of f ( x )= , equate the denominator to 0 to solve for 𝑥.
x +2
x +2=0
x +2+ (−2 )=0+(−2) Applying APE (Addition Property of Equality)
x=−2 observe that the function become undefined at x=−2
This means that 𝑥 = −2 is not included as the domain of 𝑓(𝑥).
Writing it in set notation we have: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≠ −2}
Writing it in interval notation we have: (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, +∞)

4
To get the range of f ( x )= , we first graph the function.
x +2

Based on the graph, the range of the function is { y ϵ R ∣ y ≠ 0 }

2
x −6 x +8
Example 2. Give the domain and range of f ( x )=
x 2−3 x−4
Solution:
2
x −6 x +8
To get the domain of f ( x )= 2 , equate the denominator to zero to solve for 𝑥. However,
x −3 x−4
factor first the numerator and denominator to get
2
( x−2)( x−4)
( x )= x2 −6 x +8 → , x ≠−1 , x ≠ 4
x −3 x −4 ( x +1)( x−4 )
x −2
For all values except 𝑥 = 4, the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is the same as the graph of g ( x )=
x+1

The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) will be the same as the graph of 𝑔(𝑥), except that it will have an open circle at

( 4 , 12 )to show that it is undefined at 𝑥 = 4.

Writing in the set notation, the domain of the function is {𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥 ≠ −1}
Writing in the interval notation, we have: (−∞, − 1) ∪ (−1, + ∞)
x −2
Based on graph, the range of the function g ( x )= is {y ∈ ℝ | y ≠ −1}
x+1

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 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Find the domain and range of the following rational functions.
6 x x 3−1
1. f ( x )= 2. f ( x )= 2
( )
3. f x =
x−5 x −5 x+ 6 x2

5 x−2 3x
4. f ( x )= 5. f ( x )=
x 5 x−1

Activity 2. TRUE or FALSE

2 x+7 −7
1. The domain of the function f ( x )= is all real number except .
x 2
2. The range of the function is the set of all values that 𝑓(𝑥) will take.
3. In a rational function, the denominator must not be a zero function.
( ) 5 x 2−6 5
4. The range of the function f x = is all real number except .
3x 2
3
5. The domain of the function is the set of all the values that the variable x can
take or the set of values for which the function is defined.

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

15
1. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the domain of the function?
x +9
A. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 = 9} B. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 = 15} C. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 ≠ −9} D. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 ≠ 15}

3 x−3
2. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the range of the function?
2 x+ 6
3 3
A. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 3} B. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = } C. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 ≠ −3} D. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 ≠ }
2 2

3 x+ 8
3. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the domain of the function?
x
A. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 = 3} B. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥 = 0} C. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥≠ 0} D. {𝑥 𝜖 ℝ|𝑥≠ 3}

3 x+ 8
4. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the range of the function?
x
A. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 3} B. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 0} C. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦≠ 0} D. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦≠ 3}

2
2 x −8 x+8
5. Given f ( x )= , which of the following is the range of the function?
x 2−4
A. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦≠ 2} B. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 0} C. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦≠ 0} D. {𝑦 𝜖 ℝ|𝑦 = 2}
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