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Introduction to Router and Routing Basics

Presentation · June 2015

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25010.50887

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 Theoretical Section
Practical Section

Introduction to Router and Routing Basics

Darwish Ahmad Herati

St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous)

Computer Science Department
MSc (Computer Science)

SUPERVISOR
Prof. Ms. Mary Merlin

June 25, 2015

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Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section
Practical Section

Contents

1 Theoretical Section
Introduction
Routing Basics

2 Practical Section
Router Manufacturers
Simulation Technologies
LAN Implementation

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Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router

Definition: It is an internetworking device Used to connect

two or more different NETWORKS.
OSI Reference Model: Network Layer(Layer Three).
Logical Address(IP Address)
TCP/IP Model: Internet Layer(Layer Two). Logical
Address(IP Address)

3/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router

Definition: It is an internetworking device Used to connect

two or more different NETWORKS.
OSI Reference Model: Network Layer(Layer Three).
Logical Address(IP Address)
TCP/IP Model: Internet Layer(Layer Two). Logical
Address(IP Address)

3/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operating

system software.
Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. The
content is retained when the Router is restarted.
RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, caching
and buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router is
switched off or restarted.
NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.
Data is NON volatile.
Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.
Let’s See The Components!!!

4/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operating

system software.
Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. The
content is retained when the Router is restarted.
RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, caching
and buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router is
switched off or restarted.
NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.
Data is NON volatile.
Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.
Let’s See The Components!!!

4/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operating

system software.
Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. The
content is retained when the Router is restarted.
RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, caching
and buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router is
switched off or restarted.
NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.
Data is NON volatile.
Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.
Let’s See The Components!!!

4/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operating

system software.
Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. The
content is retained when the Router is restarted.
RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, caching
and buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router is
switched off or restarted.
NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.
Data is NON volatile.
Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.
Let’s See The Components!!!

4/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Components

ROM: Store the Routers bootstrap details, operating

system software.
Flash Memory: Holds the operating systems images. The
content is retained when the Router is restarted.
RAM: Store the Routing tables, configuration files, caching
and buffering details. Content is LOST when lost router is
switched off or restarted.
NVRAM: Stores the Routers startup configuration files.
Data is NON volatile.
Network Interfaces: Connect Router to Network.
Let’s See The Components!!!

4/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Components

5/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Network Router Architecture

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Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Routing Basics
Routing Definition: In internetworking, the process of
moving a packet of data from SOURCE to DESTINATION.
Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called
a ROUTER.
Types of Routing: Dynamic Routing and Static Routing.
Routing Table: Contains a list of specific routing
destinations and when the Router receives a packet of
data it references the Routing Table to know where to send
that data.
See The Routing Tables :
1. Cisco Routers IOS: show ip route
2. Linux OS: route -n
3. Windows OS: route print, netstat -rn

7/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Routing Basics
Routing Definition: In internetworking, the process of
moving a packet of data from SOURCE to DESTINATION.
Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called
a ROUTER.
Types of Routing: Dynamic Routing and Static Routing.
Routing Table: Contains a list of specific routing
destinations and when the Router receives a packet of
data it references the Routing Table to know where to send
that data.
See The Routing Tables :
1. Cisco Routers IOS: show ip route
2. Linux OS: route -n
3. Windows OS: route print, netstat -rn

7/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Routing Basics
Routing Definition: In internetworking, the process of
moving a packet of data from SOURCE to DESTINATION.
Routing is usually performed by a dedicated device called
a ROUTER.
Types of Routing: Dynamic Routing and Static Routing.
Routing Table: Contains a list of specific routing
destinations and when the Router receives a packet of
data it references the Routing Table to know where to send
that data.
See The Routing Tables :
1. Cisco Routers IOS: show ip route
2. Linux OS: route -n
3. Windows OS: route print, netstat -rn

7/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Routing Algorithms

Routing algorithm determines the best possible path

(next hop) and update the Routing Table.

Examples of Routing Algorithms :

1. Bellman-Ford Algorithm
2. Dijkstra’s Algorithm
3. The Floyd Warshall Algorithm
4. etc.

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Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Classification of Routing Protocols According to:

Purpose: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or Exterior

Gateway Protocol (EGP)
Operation: Distance vector protocol, link-state protocol,
or path-vector protocol.
Behavior: Classful (legacy) or classless protocol.
Let See the Examples !!!

9/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Classification of Routing Protocols According to:

Purpose: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or Exterior

Gateway Protocol (EGP)
Operation: Distance vector protocol, link-state protocol,
or path-vector protocol.
Behavior: Classful (legacy) or classless protocol.
Let See the Examples !!!

9/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Classification of Routing Protocols According to:

Purpose: Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or Exterior

Gateway Protocol (EGP)
Operation: Distance vector protocol, link-state protocol,
or path-vector protocol.
Behavior: Classful (legacy) or classless protocol.
Let See the Examples !!!

9/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Theoretical Section Introduction
Practical Section Routing Basics

Examples of Routing Protocols:

RIPv1 (Legacy): IGP, distance vector, classful protocol.

IGRP (legacy): IGP, distance vector, classful protocol
developed by Cisco (deprecated from 12.2 IOS and later).
RIPv2: IGP, distance vector, classless protocol.
EIGRP: IGP, distance vector, classless protocol developed
by Cisco.
OSPF: IGP, link-state, classless protocol.
IS-IS: IGP, link-state, classless protocol.
BGP: EGP, path-vector, classless protocol.

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Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco
: D-Link
: MikroTik
: Juniper
: LinkSys
: etc.

11/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco
: D-Link
: MikroTik
: Juniper
: LinkSys
: etc.

11/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco
: D-Link
: MikroTik
: Juniper
: LinkSys
: etc.

11/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco
: D-Link
: MikroTik
: Juniper
: LinkSys
: etc.

11/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco
: D-Link
: MikroTik
: Juniper
: LinkSys
: etc.

11/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Router Manufacturers Companies

: Cisco
: D-Link
: MikroTik
: Juniper
: LinkSys
: etc.

11/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco Systems

General Information :
Net income: (2014) 7.9 Billion Dollar
Number of Employees: About 74000
CEO of Cisco System: John T. Chambers

12/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco Systems Co-Founder

13/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco System Training Courses:

14/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model:

Divided into Three Layers:

1. Access Layer
2. Distribution Layer
3. Core Layer

15/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model: Access Layer Routers

Access Layers Routers:

Small Organizations, Also known as Desktop or Company
Layer Routers.
Router Series: 800, 1000, 1600, 1700, 1800,2500

16/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model: Distribution Layer Routers

Distribution Layers Routers:

ISPs, Also known as ISP Layer Routers.
Router Series: 2600, 3200, 3600, 3700, 3800

17/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Cisco Hierarchical Model: Core Layer Routers

Core Layers Routers:

Global ISPs, Also known as Backbone Routers.
Router Series: 6400, 7200, 7300, 7400,
7500,7600,10000,12000

18/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix
2nd: (CORE) Common
Open Research
Emulator
3rd: GNS3
4th: (IMUNES)
Integrated
Multi-protocol Network
Emulator/Simulator
5th: Marionnet

19/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix
2nd: (CORE) Common
Open Research
Emulator
3rd: GNS3
4th: (IMUNES)
Integrated
Multi-protocol Network
Emulator/Simulator
5th: Marionnet

19/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix
2nd: (CORE) Common
Open Research
Emulator
3rd: GNS3
4th: (IMUNES)
Integrated
Multi-protocol Network
Emulator/Simulator
5th: Marionnet

19/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix
2nd: (CORE) Common
Open Research
Emulator
3rd: GNS3
4th: (IMUNES)
Integrated
Multi-protocol Network
Emulator/Simulator
5th: Marionnet

19/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies:

1st: Cloonix
2nd: (CORE) Common
Open Research
Emulator
3rd: GNS3
4th: (IMUNES)
Integrated
Multi-protocol Network
Emulator/Simulator
5th: Marionnet

19/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit
7th: Psimulator2
8th: Packet Tracer
9th: etc.

20/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit
7th: Psimulator2
8th: Packet Tracer
9th: etc.

20/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit
7th: Psimulator2
8th: Packet Tracer
9th: etc.

20/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

Network Simulation Technologies: Cont...

6th: Netkit
7th: Psimulator2
8th: Packet Tracer
9th: etc.

20/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

LAN Implementation using Cisco Packet Tracer:

21/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
LAN Implementation

References

Deepankar Medhi, Karthikeyan Ramasamy. (2007).

Network Routing. December.
Todd Lammle, (2009). (CCNA) Cisco Certified Network
Associate Study Guide 5th Edition. April
N2013 Shaun L. Hummel . (2013). Routing Protocol
Selection Guide.June
etc...

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Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics
 Router Manufacturers
Theoretical Section
Simulation Technologies
Practical Section
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Attention

23/23
Darwish Ahmad Herati Router and Routing Basics