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Jacob Carlos Lima


Maria José Bezerra Soares 
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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002
164 TRABALHO FLEXÍVEL E O NOVO INFORMAL

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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002


Jacob Lima, Maria José Soares 165

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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002


166 TRABALHO FLEXÍVEL E O NOVO INFORMAL

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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002


Jacob Lima, Maria José Soares 167

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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002
168 TRABALHO FLEXÍVEL E O NOVO INFORMAL

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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002


Jacob Lima, Maria José Soares 169

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CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 163-180, jul./dez. 2002
170 TRABALHO FLEXÍVEL E O NOVO INFORMAL

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