PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Quarter 1- Module 3:

Developmental Tasks
According to Developmental Stages

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Personal Development
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Developmental Tasks According to Developmental Stages
First Edition, 2020

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Quarter 1 – Module 3:

Developmental Tasks
According to Developmental Stages

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 Table of Contents
What This Module is About…………………………………………………………….. 1
What I Need to Know…………………………………………………………………… 1
How to Learn from this Module………………………………………………………… 1
Icons of this Module…………………………………………………………………….. 2
What I Know ........................................................................................................ 3

Lesson 1: Developmental Tasks According to Developmental Stages

What’s In: John Santrock’s 8 Developmental Stages ....................... 5
What’s New: Developmental Stages (Santrock and Havigurst) ........ 8
What’s More: John Santrock’s 8 Developmental Stages with
Developmental Tasks................................................ 9
What’s More: Robert Havighurst’s 6 Developmental Stages with
Developmental Tasks ................................................. 10
What’s More: Test Your Understanding ........................................... 12

Lesson 2: Developmental Tasks and Challenges Being Experience during

Adolescence
What’s In: Developmental Tasks Facing Adolescents...................... 13
What’s New: Activity 6: Fill Me………………….…………….……….. 14
What Is It: Ways to Become a Responsible
Adolescent Prepared for Life…………………………….. 16
What I Can Do: Activity 7: Journal Writing……………………………. 17
What Is It: 10 Tasks for Adolescent Development…………………… 18

What I Have Learned / Generalization………………………………………………… 20

Additional Activities: My Personal Timeline............................................................. 21
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………. . 22
Answer Key………………………………………………………………………………. 24
References……………………………………………………………………………….. 25
 Welcome to
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 3
Developmental Tasks
According to
Developmental Stages

To the Student of Personal Development:

Hello dear learners. Welcome to the third module.

This module is about the developmental tasks and

challenges being experienced during adolescence.
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The main assertion of Havighurst is that development is
continuous throughout a person’s entire lifespan, occurring in
stages. A person moves from one stage to the next by means of
successful resolution of problems or performance of certain
developmental tasks. These tasks are typically encountered by
most people in the culture where that person belongs.

According to Havighurst’s developmental tasks theory,

when people successfully accomplish the developmental tasks at
a stage, they feel pride and satisfaction. They also earn the
approval of their community or society. This success provides a
sound foundation that allow people to accomplish the
developmental tasks that they will encounter at later Havighurst
developmental stages.

Conversely, when people fail to accomplish a

developmental task, they are unhappy and are not accorded the
desired approval by society. This results in the subsequent
experience of difficulty when faced with succeeding developmental
tasks at later Havighurst developmental stages.
What This Module is About
For every developmental stage, there is an expected developmental task. What
happens when the expected developmental task is not achieved at the corresponding
developmental stage? How can you achieve these developmental tasks?

This module is focused on the developmental tasks and challenges experienced

during adolescence. It also talks about the skills, tasks and challenges appropriate
for middle and late adolescence, and preparatory to early adulthood.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Discuss developmental tasks and challenges being experienced during

adolescence
EsP-PD11/12DS-Ic-3.1

2. Evaluate one’s development through the help of significant people around

him/her (peers, parents, sibling, friends, teachers, community leaders)
EsP-PD11/12DS-Id-3.2

3. List ways to become a responsible adolescent prepared for adult life

EsP-PD11/12DS-Id-3.3

How to Learn from this Module

To attain the goals of this module, please do the following;

1. Take your time to read and understand the concepts in this module.
2. Follow the instruction carefully in every given task.
3. Answer all the given tests and exercises.
4. Work on the activities in this module and in every Performance Task given.
5. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module.
6. Familiarize yourselves with the given terms.
7. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have
encountered in this module.
8. Prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.
9. Finally, write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others on
your separate activity notebook.

1
ICONS OF THIS MODULE
ICON LABEL IN THE MODULE DETAILS

What I Need to Know This part contains learning

objectives that are set for you to
Learning Objectives learn as you go along the
module.
What I Know This is an assessment as to
your level of knowledge to the
Pre-Assessment subject matter at hand, meant
specifically to gauge prior
What’s In This part
related connects the current
knowledge.
lesson with the previous lesson
Review Activity by going over points that were
taught or learned previously.
What’s New This part introduces the new
lesson through various activities
Motivational Activity like story, an activity, a poem, a
song, or a situation.
What Is It This a brief discussion of the
lesson as a way to deepen your
Lesson Proper discovery and understanding of
the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities
that are intended for you to
Performance Task practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Learned Activities designed to process
what you have learned from the
Generalization lesson.

What I Can Do These are tasks that are

designed to showcase your
Application skills and knowledge gained and
applied into real life concerns
Assessment This part evaluate your level of
and situations.
mastery in achieving the
Post-Assessment learner’s objectives.

Additional Activities Thus are activities in any form

that can increase the strength of
Enrichment the response and tends to
induce repetitions of
actions/learning.

2
 What I Know PRE-ASSESSMENT

As an initial activity, you will be assessed on your prior knowledge about finding the
answers to the following questions. This is to find out what are the things you need to
learn more about the subject matter.

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The developmental stage wherein it begins with rapid physical changes like
dramatic gains in height, in weight, changes in body contour, and
development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement of breasts,
development of pubic and facial hair and deepening of voice.
A. Adolescence C. Middle Childhood
B. Infancy D. Late Adulthood

2. It is the time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health, life review,
retirement and new social roles.
A. Adolescence C. Middle Childhood
B. Infancy D. Late Adulthood

3. It is the time of establishing personal & economic independence, career

development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate
way, starting a family & rearing children.
A. Adolescence C. Middle Adulthood
B. Early Adulthood D. Late Adulthood

4. The developmental stage wherein fundamental skills of reading, writing, and

arithmetic are mastered.
A. Early Childhood C. Middle Childhood
B. Middle Adulthood D. Late Adulthood

5. He defines developmental tasks as one that arises at certain period in our

life, the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success
with later tasks while failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and
difficulty with later task.
A. Erick Ericson C. John Locke
B. John Santrosk D. Robert Havighurt

6. At what stage does one need to adjust to the happenings of his life and
understand everything especially death?
A. Adolescence C. Late Maturity
B. Early Adulthood D. Middle Age

7. The following are developmental tasks in early childhood EXCEPT _______.

A. Learning to talk C. Learning to get along with age mates
B. Learning to take solid foods D. Learning to control elimination of wastes

8. The following are developmental task of early adulthood EXCEPT ________.

A. Rearing children C. Starting an occupation
B. Managing a home D. Adjusting to aging parent

3
9. It is the developmental task of an adolescent in which one learns through
interacting with others in more adult ways and physical maturity plays an
important role in peer relations.
A. Achieving mature relations with both sexes
B. Achieving masculine or feminine social role
C. Accepting one’s physique
D. Achieving emotional independence of adults

10. The following are statements that best describe the developmental task of
late adulthood EXCEPT _______.
A. Adjusting to death of spouse
B. Meeting social and civic obligations
C. Establishing satisfactory living quarters
D. Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults

11. Which of following statements is NOT true about adolescence

developmental tasks?
A. Adolescents have one foot in childhood and one foot in adulthood .
B. Parents and adults have an important role to play in. These roles give a
positive impact on the lives of adolescents.
C. A developmental task represents our culture's definition of normal
development at different points in the life span.
D. Adults should not provide adolescents some room to make their own
decisions and to be accountable for the consequences of those decisions.

12. The following statements will help a teenager to become a responsible

adolescent prepared for adult life EXCEPT _______.
A. Take care of your health and hygiene.
B. Give in to temptations and do bad things.
C. Focus on your studies and do well in all your endeavors.
D. Establish open and good communication with parents and guardians.

13. Accepting one’s physique, achieving emotional independence of adults and

preparing for marriage and family life and economic career are examples of
what developmental stage?
A. Adolescence C. Middle Adulthood
B. Early Adulthood D. Late Adulthood

14. Which of the following statements is an act of a responsible adolescent?

A. Think many times before you act on something.
B. Identify the probable consequences of the action that you will make.
C. Forget to self-control and self-discipline.
D. Let your teenage hormones get into you.

15. As an adolescent becoming more self-sufficient means _______.

A. To learn to work with others for a common purpose.
B. To develop an outlook toward life based on what is important.
C. To develop affection to parents without dependence upon them.
D. To develop career/vocational goals and ways to reach these goals.

4
 Lesson Developmental Tasks According to
1 Developmental Stages

JOHN SANTROCK’S 8
What’s In DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES WITH
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

According to John Santrock there are 8 developmental stages in a life span

development. His research focuses on family processes and children psychosocial
development. The following are the stages of development:

PRENATAL PERIOD
 Development happens quickly during this
stage (tremendous growth from a single cell
to an organism complete with brain and
behavioral capabilities)
 Time between conception and birth
 Divided into 3 stages: -germinal -embryonic
–fetal

INFANCY
 Birth to 18-24 months Time of extreme dependence on adults
 Many psychological activities are just beginning ( language, symbolic thought,
sensory - motor coordination & social learning)

EARLY CHILDHOOD
 End of infancy to 5-6 years old
(preschool years-grade 1) Young
children learn to become more self-
sufficient and care for themselves,
develop school readiness skills and
spend many hours in play with peers.

MIDDLE & LATE CHILDHOOD

 6-11 years old (elementary school years)
 Fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic are mastered.
 Child is formally exposed to larger world and its culture.
 Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child’s world and
self-control increases.

5
ADOLESCENCE
 10-12 years old to 18-22 years old
 Begins with rapid physical changes
(dramatic gains in height in weight,
changes in body contour, and
development of sexual characteristics such
as enlargement of breasts, development of
pubic and facial hair, deepening of voice)
 Pursuit of independence & identity are
prominent
 Thought is more logical, abstract &
idealistic
 More time is spent outside family

EARLY ADULTHOOD
 Late teens or early 20s to 30s
 Time of establishing personal &
economic independence, career
development, selecting a mate,
learning to live with someone in
an intimate way, starting a family
& rearing children.

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
 40 to 60 years old time of expanding personal & social involvement &
responsibility
 Assisting next generation in becoming competent & mature individuals,
reaching & maintaining satisfaction in a career

LATE ADULTHOOD
 60s and above
 Time for adjustment to decreasing
strength and health, life review,
retirement and adjustment to new
social roles

6
 (ROBERT HAVIGHURST)
6 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
WITH DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

On the other hand Robert Havighurst identified six major age periods. Although many
theorists are responsible for contributing to the Developmental Tasks Theory, it was
Robert Havighurst who elaborated on this development theory in the most systematic
and extensive manner.

Robert Havighurst defines developmental tasks as one that arises at certain period
in our life, the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success
with later tasks while failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and difficulty
with later task.

Infancy and early childhood (birth till 6 years old) .In this stage, the child begins
to learn different physical activities like walking, crawling as well as starting to read
and forming concepts.

Middle childhood (6-12 years old). Middle childhood is the stage when the child
learns different physical skills for simple games as well as developing concepts for
everyday living.

Adolescence (13-18 years old). During the adolescence period, the child achieves
more mature relations with others. The child gets to know oneself and prepares
himself for the coming years.

Early adulthood (18-30 years old). In this stage, one is now ready to settle down
and begin a family as well as a new life. One looks for a career to help in raising
himself and his family as well as practicing socially.

Middle age (30-60 years old). In the middle age, one is able to see clearly to his
future. He is also able to help his children as well as other teenagers to become
more responsible and adapt to everything that is happening to him physically,
emotionally and socially.

Later maturity (60 years old and over). In this stage, one is adjusting to the
happenings of his life. He needs to adjust and understand everything especially in
death.

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/tin072787/module-2-the-stages-of-development-and-
developmental-tasks

7
 What’s New

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
(SANTROCK AND HAVIGHURST)
ACTIVITY 1: JOURNAL WRITING

1. How many developmental stages are described?

2. Compare Santrock and Havighurst’s developmental stages?
3. What is an outstanding trait or behaviour for each stage?
4. Why the expected accomplishments are differ from each developmental task age
periods?
5. At what developmental stage do you belong now? What are the accomplishments
you already achieved that are expected of your age now?

ACTIVITY 2: MY DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES PHOTO GALLERY

Collect photos of your growing up years. If you don’t have pictures on a certain
stage, draw a symbol or a scene that will show your accomplishments on that
developmental stage. Make a gallery of your pictures/drawings according to the 8
stages of development by Santrock. Label each picture and describe your
milestones. You may ask help from your parents or older family member to write a
description in each picture or drawing.

MY GALLERY

PRENATAL PERIOD INFANCY

EARLY CHILDHOOD MIDDLE & LATE CHILDHOOD

ADOLESCENCE EARLY ADULTHOOD

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD LATE ADULTHOOD

8
 What’s More

JOHN SANTROCK’S 8
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES WITH
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
ACTIVITY 3: IT’S A MATCH

Match Column A with Column B. Column A is composed of the developmental

stages while Column B is composed of the developmental tasks according to
Santrock.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. PRENATAL A. Puberty occurs and traumatic life stage

PERIOD for child and parent.
B. Embryonic stage-2 weeks- 2 months-
formation of vital organs and systems.
2. INFANCY C. Beginning psychological activities:
language, symbolic thought, sensory
motor coordination and social learning.
D. Vocabulary and pronunciation continue
3. EARLY
to expand, climbs stairs with
CHILDHOOD
alternating feet and can briefly stand
on one foot.
E. Both large and small muscle well-
4. MIDDLE & LATE
developed and developed complex
CHILDHOOD
motor skills.
F. Physical changes begin to occur, hair
begins to thin and gray, wrinkles
5. ADOLESCENCE appear, hearing and vision decrease
6. EARLY and muscle lose tone
ADULTHOOD G. Physical deterioration (brittle bones,
poor coordination, some memory
problems) and coping with retirement
and forms of entertainment.
7. MIDDLE
H. Physical development complete,
ADULTHOOD
emotional maturation continues to
8. LATE ADULTHOOD develop and usually learned to accept
responsibility for actions and accept
criticism

9
 What’s More

(ROBERT HAVIGHURST)
6 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
WITH DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
ACTIVITY 4: MY LABEL

Identify the group of developmental task according to Robert Havighurst’s 6

developmental stages and developmental tasks described below.

Infancy and Early Childhood Middle Childhood Adolescence

Early Adulthood Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood

1. ________________________
Developmental stage

Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games

Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself
Learning to get along with age mates
Learning an appropriate sex role
Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing and calculating
Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
Developing conscience, morality, and a scale values
Achieving personal independence
Developing acceptable attitudes towards society

2. ________________________
Developmental stage

Achieving mature relations with both sexes

Achieving masculine or feminine social role
Accepting one’s physique
Achieving emotional independence of adults
Preparing for marriage and family life
Preparing for an economic career
Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior
Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

10
 3. ________________________
Developmental stage

Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults

Achieving adult and social responsibility
Satisfactory career achievement
Developing adult leisure time activities
Relating to one’s spouse as a person
Accepting the physiological changes of middle age
Adjusting to aging parent

4. ________________________
Developmental stage

Adjusting to decreasing strength and health

Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
Adjusting to death of spouse
Establishing relations with one’s own age group
Meeting social and civic obligations
Establishing satisfactory living quarters

5. ________________________
Developmental stage

Learning to walk
Learning to take solid foods
Learning to talk
Learning to control the elimination of body wastes
Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality
Readiness for reading
Learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing a conscience

6. ________________________
Developmental stage

Selecting a male
Learning to live with a partner
Starting a family
Rearing children
Managing a home
Starting an occupation
Assuming civic responsibility

11
 What’s More

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING

ACTIVITY 5: CHECK MATE

Put a check (/) on the blank before the statement if it is correct and an (X) if it is
wrong. If statement is wrong, write an explanation on the space provided after each
statement.

________1.Developmental tasks are only for the first 3 stages of human

development.

________2.Failure of achieving developmental tasks in an earlier stage means

failure for the learner to master developmental task in the next level.

________3. Preschool age corresponds to early childhood stage.

________4. Adolescence is middle and late childhood stage.

________5. Teenage is middle childhood stage.

________6. Mastery of fundamental skills is a major concern during early

childhood.

________7. Play is a great need of children in middle childhood.

________8. Preparing children for school readiness is the major concern in the
middle childhood.

________9. More time is spent outside family for adolescent stage.

________10.In early childhood one developmental task is earning to distinguish

right from wrong and developing a conscience.

12
 Lesson Developmental Challenges Being Experienced
2 During Adolescence

DEVELOPMENTAL TASK FACING

What’s In ADOLESCENTS

Adolescents have one foot in childhood and one foot in adulthood.

A developmental task represents our culture's definition of normal

development at different points in the life span. By understanding the developmental
tasks of an adolescent, parents and adults are better equipped to give support to
adolescents as they strive to accomplish each developmental task.

The many developmental tasks facing adolescents are challenging. However,

they can be achieved. Adolescents are getting their first taste of independence, yet
they are not and do not want to be totally independent. Parents and adults need to
provide a supportive environment in which adolescents may discover and explore
their identities.
Parents and adults who work with adolescents walk a tightrope. Adolescents
need them to play an active role in their lives. However, adults also need to provide
adolescents space to make decisions and accountable of their actions. When
adolescents make wrong decisions, they need support and guidance of parents and
adults to help them learn. By understanding the developmental tasks of adolescents,
parents and adults can help turn mistakes made by adolescents into educational
opportunities that enhance adolescents' mastery of life skills.
At times, the interaction between parents/adults and adolescents will be
challenging and uncertain, but it is essential that parents and adults remain steadfast
in their commitment to adolescents. Parents and adults have an important role to
play and can give a positive impact on the lives of adolescents.

What Are the Developmental Tasks Faced by Adolescents?

 Achieving mature relations with both sexes

 Achieving masculine or feminine social role
 Accepting one’s physique
 Achieving emotional independence of adults
 Preparing for marriage and family life
 Preparing for an economic career
 Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior
 Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

13
 What’s New
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK FACING
ADOLESCENTS
ACTIVITY 6: FILL ME

Fill in the developmental task faced by an adolescent described in each

paragraph. Choose the main development task that adolescents must complete
in order to establish an identity.

Achieving mature relations with both sexes

Achieving masculine or feminine social role
Accepting one’s physique
Achieving emotional independence of adults
Preparing for marriage and family life
Preparing for an economic career
Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior
Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

1. __________________________________________________________ ___
Adolescents learn through interacting with others in more adult ways. Physical
maturity plays an important role in peer relations. Adolescents who mature at a
slower or faster rate than others will be dropped from one peer group and
generally will enter a peer group of similar maturity. For early-maturing girls (girls
whose bodies are fully developed at a young age), entering into a peer group of
similar physical maturity can mean a greater likelihood of early sexual activity.
Parental monitoring can be a useful boundary-setting tool during the
accomplishment of this developmental task because it allows parents to place
limits on adolescents' outside activities.

2. ____________________________________________________________ _
Each adolescent develops his or her own definition of what it means to be male
or female. Most adolescents conform to the sex roles of our cultural view of male
(assertive) and female (passive) characteristics. Yet these roles have become
more relaxed in the last 30 years. As adults, we need to provide opportunities for
adolescents to test and develop their masculine and feminine social roles. For
example, we need to encourage males to express their feelings and encourage
females to assert themselves more than they have in the past.

3. _____________________________________________________________
The time of the onset of puberty and the rate of body changes for adolescents
vary greatly. How easily adolescents deal with these changes will partly depend
on how closely their bodies match the well-defined stereotypes of the “perfect"
body for young women and young men. Adolescents whose bodies do not match
the stereotypes may need extra support from adults to improve their feelings of
comfort and self-worth regarding their physiques.

14
4. _____________________________________________________________
Children derive strength from internalizing their parents' values and attitudes.
Adolescents, however, must redefine their sources of personal strength and
move toward self-reliance. This change is smoother if adolescents and parents
can agree on some level of independence that increases over time. For
example, parents and adolescents should set a curfew time. That curfew should
be extended as the adolescent matures.

5. _____________________________________________________________
Sexual maturation is the basis for this developmental task. Achievement of this
developmental task is difficult because adolescents often confuse sexual
feelings with genuine intimacy. Indeed, this developmental task is usually not
achieved until late adolescence or young adulthood. Until that time comes, the
best way for parents to help is to set aside time to talk to their early and middle
adolescents about sex and relationships.

6. _____________________________________________________________
In American society, adolescents reach adult status when they are able to
financially support themselves. This task has become more difficult now than in
the past because the job market demands increased education and skills.
Today, this developmental task is generally not achieved until late adolesce nce
or young adulthood, after the individual completes his/her education and gains
some entry-level work experience.

7. _____________________________________________________________
Adolescents gain the ability to think abstractly and to visualize possibl e
situations. With these changes in thinking, the adolescent is able to develop his
or her own set of values and beliefs. Discussing these newly forming ethical
systems with parents and other adults can be a great help to adolescents in
accomplishing this developmental task. In addition, parents may want to provide
adolescents with hypothetical situations that challenge their emerging values, to
help the adolescents evaluate the strength and appropriateness of those values.

8. _____________________________________________________________
The family is where children learn to define themselves and their world.
Adolescents must learn to define themselves and their world in the context of
their new social roles. Status within the community beyond that of famil y is an
important achievement for older adolescents and young adults. Adolescents and
young adults become members of the larger community through financial and
emotional independence from parents, which in turn teaches them the value of
socially responsible behavior.

15
 What Is It
Ways to Become a Responsible
Adolescent
Prepared for Life

It is not easy to be a teenager. There will be lot of things going on in various facets of
your lives. The demands and expectations of your parents and other people around
you can also be stressful. The challenges that you will experience make your life
exciting. Having that mindset is also an indication of becoming a responsible and
mentally mature adolescent.

The following are eight (8) simple rules that can help you become a responsible
adolescent:

1. Focus on your studies and do well in all your endeavors.

2. Take care of your health and hygiene. Healthy body and mind are important as
you journey through adolescence.

3. Establish good communication and relation with your parents or guardian. Listen to
them. This may be easier said than done at this stage but creating good relationship
with them will do well to you.

4. Think many times before you act on something. Evaluate probable consequences
before you make decisions. Practice self-control and self-discipline.

5. Choose to do the right thing.

6. Do your best to resist temptations.

7. Respect yourself. If you respect yourself, others will respect you too.

8. Be prepared and accountable for your actions and behavior. It is a part of growing
up and becoming an adult.

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 What I Can Do

Ways to Become a Responsible

Adolescent
.
Prepared for Life
ACTIVITY 7: JOURNAL WRITING

List the things that you should do which you believe will help you become a
responsible adolescent.

REFLECTION

Source: https://ourhappyschool.com/social-sciences/ways-become-responsible-
adolescent-prepared-adult-life

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 What Is It

10 TASK FOR ADOLESCENT

DEVELOPMENT

During the teen years, adolescents grow in size, sexual maturity, emotional
development, and thinking capacity. The developmental changes during adolescence
rival those of infancy and early childhood. Research indicates that the human brain
does not reach full maturity until at least the mid 20s.

Most milestones occur gradually, with frustrating starts and stops along the way.
Each task depends on others to be fully accomplished and all are part of underlying
developmental forces propelling adolescents toward maturity.

In addition, many researchers see human development as a lifelong process, with

parents developing alongside their adolescents.

In order to help parents influence healthy adolescent growth, the Raising Teens
Project identified 10 critical developmental tasks that teenagers need to undertake to
make a successful transition to adulthood:
Adjust to sexually maturing bodies and feelings
Teens are faced with adjusting to growing bodies and newly acquired sexual
characteristics. They must learn to manage sexual feelings and to engage in
healthy sexual behaviors. This task includes establishing a sexual identity and
developing the skills for romantic relationships.
Develop and apply abstract thinking skills
Teens typically undergo profound changes in their way of thinking during
adolescence, allowing them more effectively to understand and coordinate
abstract ideas. They begin to think about possibilities, try out hypotheses, plan
ahead, think about thinking, and construct philosophies.
Develop and apply new perspective on human relationships
Teens typically acquire a powerful new ability to understand human relationships.
Having learned to “put themselves in another person’s shoes,” they begin to take
into account both their perspective and another person’s at the same time. They
learn to use this new ability to resolve problems and conflicts in relationships.
Develop and apply new coping skills in areas such as decision making,
problem solving, and conflict resolution
Teens begin to acquire new abilities to think about and plan for the future, to
engage in more sophisticated strategies for decision-making, problem solving,
and conflict resolution, and to moderate their risk-taking to serve goals rather than
jeopardize them.

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Identify meaningful moral standards, values, and belief systems
Teens typically develop a more complex understanding of moral behavior and
underlying principles of justice and caring for others. They question beliefs
from childhood and adopt more personally meaningful values, religious views,
and belief systems to guide their decisions and behavior.
Understand and express more complex emotional experiences
Teens shift toward an ability to identify and communicate more complex
emotions, to understand the emotions of others in more sophisticated ways,
and to think about emotions in abstract ways.

Form friendships that are mutually close and supportive

Teens develop peer relationships that play powerful roles in providing support
and connection in their lives. They tend to shift from friendships based largely
on shared interests and activities to those based on sharing ideas and
feelings, mutual trust, and understanding.

Establish key aspects of identity

Forming an identity is a lifelong process, but crucial aspects of identity are
typically forged during adolescence, including developing an identity that
reflects a sense of individuality as well as connection to valued people and
groups. Another part of this task is developing a positive identity around
gender, physical attributes, sexuality, ethnicity, and (if appropriate) having
been adopted—as well as sensitivity to the diversity of groups that make up
American society.
Meet the demands of increasingly mature roles and responsibilities
Teens gradually take on the roles that will be expected of them in adulthood.
They learn to acquire the skills and manage the multiple demands that allow
them to move into the labor market as well as meet expectations regarding
commitment to family, community, and citizenship.
Renegotiate relationships with adults in parenting roles
Although the task of adolescence has sometimes been described as
“separating” from parents and other caregivers, it is more widely seen now as
adults and teens working together to negotiate a change in the relationship
that balances autonomy and ongoing connection. The emphasis on each
depends in part on the family’s ethnic background

Source: https://hr.mit.edu/static/worklife/raising-teens/ten-tasks.html

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 What I Have Learned

Developmental Task
1. Learning to get along with
friends of both sexes.
2. Accepting one's physical
body and keeping it healthy.
3. Becoming more self-
sufficient.
4. Making decisions about
marriage and family life.
5 Preparing for a job or
career.
6. Acquiring a set of values
to guide behavior.
7. Becoming socially
responsible.
GENERALIZATION
Nature of Task
To learn to look upon girls as women and boys as men; to
become an adult among adults; to learn to work with others
for a common purpose, disregarding personal feelings; to
lead without dominating.
To accept one's body; to keep it healthy through good
nutrition, exercise, disease prevention, and other health
practices.
To develop affection for parents without dependence upon
them; to develop respect for older adults without dependence
upon them.
To explore attitudes toward family life and having children; to
acquire the knowledge necessary for home management
and, if desired, child rearing.
To develop career/vocational goals and ways to reach these
goals; to be able to make a living.
To develop an outlook toward life based on what is important.
To participate as a responsible person with friends at home,
and in the community; to develop personal moral values to
guide behavior.

ACTIVITY 8: JOURNAL WRITING

WORKSHEET ON DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF BEING IN GRADE 11

Using the Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks during a Life Span, assess your own
level of development as a Grade 11 Student.
What are the expected What are expected tasks What are the expected task
tasks you have successfully you have partially you have not
accomplished? accomplished? accomplished?

Processing Questions:

1. As a Grade 11 student, what are the developmental tasks expected of you?

Rate yourself from 1-10 (10 as the highest) on the developmental tasks you
have accomplished.
2. Now, you are in transition from high school to college, from being an
adolescent to young adult. How do you feel about this transition?
3. Are ready for this transition faced with greater responsibility and
accountability? If not, what are the expected tasks you need to work on?
What are the ways to take so you can better plan for the future?

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 Additional Activities

MY PERSONAL TIMELINE

ACTIVITY 9: JOURNAL WRITING

Reflect on your early childhood, middle and late childhood days. Were you able to
acquire the developmental tasks expected of early, childhood, middle and late
childhood and adolescence? What facilitated you in the acquisitions of the ability to
perform such task? Write your reflection.

REFLECTION

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 Assessment: Post-Test

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. At what stage that one needs to adjust to the happenings of his life and one
understand everything especially in death?
A. Adolescence C. Late Maturity
B. Early Adulthood D. Middle Age

2. The following are developmental tasks in early childhood EXCEPT _______.

A. Learning to talk C. Learning to get along with age mates
B. Learning to take solid foods D. Learning to control elimination of wastes

3. The following are developmental task of early adulthood EXCEPT ______.

A. Rearing children C. Starting an occupation
B. Managing a home D. Adjusting to aging parent

4. A developmental task where an adolescent learns through interacting with

others in more adult ways and physical maturity plays an important role
in peer relations is ______.
A. Achieving mature relations with both sexes
B. Achieving masculine or feminine social role
C. Accepting one’s physique
D. Achieving emotional independence of adults

5. The following statements described the developmental task of late adulthood

EXCEPT _______.
A. Adjusting to death of spouse
B. Meeting social and civic obligations
C. Establishing satisfactory living quarters
D. Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults

6. The developmental stage where it begins with rapid physical changes like
dramatic gains in height, in weight, changes in body contour, and
development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement of breasts,
development of pubic and facial hair, deepening of voice.
A. Adolescence C. Middle Childhood
B. Infancy D. Late Adulthood

7. It is the time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health, life review,
retirement and adjustment to new social roles.
A. Adolescence C. Middle Childhood
B. Infancy D. Late Adulthood

8. It is the stage of establishing personal & economic independence, career

development, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate
way, starting a family & rearing children.
A. Adolescence C. Middle Adulthood
B. Early Adulthood D. Late Adulthood
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9. It is the developmental stage wherein fundamental skills of reading, writing,
and arithmetic are mastered.
A. Early Childhood C. Middle Childhood
B. Middle Adulthood D. Late Adulthood

10. He defines developmental tasks as one that arises at certain period in our
life, the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success
with later tasks while failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and
difficulty with later task.
A. Erick Ericson C. John Locke
B. John Santrosk D. Robert Havighurt

11. Which of following statements is NOT true about adolescence

developmental task?
A. Adolescents have one foot in childhood and one foot in adulthood .
B. Parents and adults have an important role to play with and can give a
positive impact on the lives of adolescents.
C. A developmental task represents our culture's definition of normal
development at different points in the life span.
D. Adults should not provide adolescents a space to make their own
decisions and be accountable for the consequences of their actions.

12. The following statements will help you become a responsible adolescent
EXCEPT________.
A. Take care of your health and hygiene.
B. Give in to temptations.
C. Focus on your studies and do well in all your endeavors.
D. Establish open and good communication with parents and guardians.

13. Accepting one’s physique, achieving emotional independence of adults and

preparing for marriage and family life and preparing for an economic career
are examples of what developmental stage?
A. Adolescence C. Middle Adulthood
B. Early Adulthood D. Late Adulthood

14. Which of the following statements is an act of a responsible adolescent?

A. Think many times before you act on something.
B. Identify the probable consequences of the actions that you will make.
C. Forget to self-control and self-discipline.
D. Let your teenage hormones get into you.

15. As an adolescent becoming more self-sufficient means _______.

A. To learn to work with others for a common purpose.
B. To develop an outlook toward life based on what is important.
C. To develop affection for parents without dependence upon them.
D. To develop career/vocational goals and ways to reach these goals.

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Answer Key

24
 References

https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/development-tasks/

https://www.slideshare.net/tin072787/module-2-the-stages-of-development-and-
developmental-tasks

http://www.wvdhhr.org/bph/modules/man/man-res3.htm

https://extension.psu.edu/understanding-adolescence-3-the-tasks

https://ourhappyschool.com/social-sciences/ways-become-responsible-adolescent-
prepared-adult-life

https://hr.mit.edu/static/worklife/raising-teens/ten-tasks.html

25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave. Upper Balulang,
Cagayan de Oro City
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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