Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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21st Century Literatures from the Philippines and the World
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Understanding and Appreciating the Literary Texts in
Various Genres Across National Literature and
Cultures
Second Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Writers: Noemi M. Abellanosa, Emmalyn L. Achacoso, El Dela Cruz and Jade Ann
R. Maaliao
Content Editor: Juvy S. Iliwiliw
Language Editor: Glenn Dale P. Eli
Proofreader: Analyn S. Parojenog
Illustrator: Mark Anthony V. Ilajas
Layout Artist: Rheza Mae M. Pacut
Development Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Members: Marie Emerald A. Cabigas, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD,
EPS-ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; Maria Teresa M. Absin, PhD, SGOD
Chief, Gladys S. Banac EPS (English); Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile
L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Cover page i
Copyright page ii
Table of Contents iv
LESSON 1- Representative Texts and Authors from Asia, North America, Europe,
Latin America, and Africa
What Should I Expect 3
What I Know 3
What is it 4
What’s in 5
Assessment 14
What’s More 15
LESSON 2 - 21st Century Literature Genres and their Elements, Structures and
Traditions from Across the Globe
What Should I Expect 19
What I Know 19
What’s In 20
What is it 20
Assessment 27
What’s More 28
Additional Activities 29
What I Learned 29
REFERENCES 52
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
This learning material contains concepts and activities that will help the learner
understand and appreciate literary genres, traditions and forms from different national
literature and cultures, namely, Asian, Anglo-American, European, Latin American,
and African. For the understanding and appreciation of national literatures and
cultures, a learner must first and foremost identify representative texts and authors
from the different regions of the world.
Moreover, this module aims to develop the ICT skills of the learners in creating
adaptations of some foreign and Philippine literary texts for creative presentations with
the use of multimedia platforms. It also hopes to equip the learners with the most
essential learning competencies contained in this module so that they could acquire
the necessary technical skills to accomplish the tasks.
This module has three parts. Part one (1) deals about multimedia forms and
skills of interpreting literary texts. Part two (2) deals on ICT skills in literary adaptation.
Part three (3) Self or Peer Assessment of Creative Adaptation with the use of
Rationalized Criteria
Every part of the module has mini-grammar integration to refresh the
learners with the basic grammar rules and writing activities utilizing pictures, videos
and PowerPoint presentations which have been proven as effective instructional
materials in improving the writing skills of the students.
2. compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and their
elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe;
1
4. do self- and/or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of a literary text,
based on rationalized criteria, prior to presentation.
2
REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS AND
LESSON AUTHORS FROM ASIA, NORTH
1 AMERICA, EUROPE, LATIN
AMERICA, AND AFRICA
Learning Competency: Identify representative texts and authors from Asia, North
America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa, EN12Lit-IIa-22 (4 hours).
WHAT I KNOW
1. Japan 7. Egypt
2. Korea 8. Kenya
3. Colombia 9. Tanzania
4. Greece 10. China
5. Spain 11. Mexico
6. Portugal 12. USA
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15. The book “One Thousand and One Nights or Arabian Nights” was originated in
___.
a. Palestine b. China c. Saudi Arabia
17. “Shih Ching” is translated in English or sometimes as “The Book of Songs” or “The
Odes” was originated in ___.
a. China b. Japan c. Malaysia
20. It refers to the literature that was written over a period of thousands of years, in a
variety of countries in Asia.
a. Asian literature
b. Latin American Literature
c. North American Literature
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WHAT IS IT
4
He claimed that literature shouldn`t be restrained by national boundaries. In
1894 the world saw the first book about world literature – “The History of World
Literature”. The world literature emerged because of the development of global
economic and cultural relations. This global literary process was also caused by the
rapid development of national literatures. In the history of world literature, we define
several stages of its development such as the literature of Bronze Age, Classical
Literature, Early Medieval Literature, Medieval Literature, Early Modern and Modern
Literature.
World literature is the cultural heritage of all humanity. It is essential to study
world literature as it helps us understand the life of different people from all over the
world, forms our world-outlook and acquaints us with the masterpieces of literature.
In your notebook, explain in three (3) sentences what the statement ‘World
literature is the cultural heritage of all humanity’ means to you.
WHAT’S IN
It’s time for a ‘Brainergizer’! Before you get to know some awesome authors
from the different parts of the world, let’s first test your knowledge through this true or
false trivia game. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. You can write your
answers in your notebook. Be sure to not ask Mr. Google while doing this activity.
1. The language of the Rom, or Gypsy, people comes from India.
2. English is related to German.
3. The poet W. B. Yeats was from England.
4. Kenyan author Ngugi wa Thiong’o always writes in English.
5. The Sound and the Fury is a sonnet by William Shakespeare.
6. No South African has won a Nobel Prize in literature.
7. The words chortle and galumph were both invented by Lewis Carroll.
8. The Brothers Grimm, authors of fairy tales such as “Hansel and Gretel,” were
from Germany.
9. Jeppe Aakjær was a noted Danish explorer.
10. Agatha Christie wrote only novels.
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Now let us get to know some representative authors from different regions in
the world and their works.
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Jeet Thayil
Kim Thúy
Nayomi Munaweera
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NORTH AMERICA
Sara Gruen
Margaret Atwood
Valeria Luiselli
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Carmen Boullosa
Ian McEwan
David Mitchell
Zadie Smith
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Delphine de Vigan
Michel Houellebecq
Isabel Allende
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and City of the Beasts”. She has written over 20 books that
have been translated into more than 35 languages and sold
more than 67 million copies.
Patricio Pron
Rodrigo Hasbún
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one of Grantas Best Young Spanish-Language Novelists.
He is the author of three novels, a volume of personal
essays, and three collections of short stories, two of which
have been made into films. His work has appeared in
Granta, McSweeneys, Zoetrope: All-Story, Words Without
Borders, and elsewhere. Affections received an English
PEN Award and has been published in twelve languages.
AFRICA
Aminatta Forna
Nadine Gordimer
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the oppressive governmental structures of the time. Her
novel “Burger’s Daughter” follows the struggles of a group
of anti-apartheid activists, and was read in secret by Nelson
Mandela during his time on Robben Island.
Alain Mabanckou
Ben Okri
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ASSESSMENT
Column A Colum B
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8. Won the Nobel prize for literature in
1982, for a body of work that included
novels such as "100 Years of Solitude"
and "Love in the Time of Cholera".
WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1
You are a freelance blogger in an online literary magazine. You need to write a
500-word feature article on a contemporary (21st century) author from outside your
country. Do an online search on a noteworthy writer and his or her contribution to the
society relative to his/her work. You may choose someone from the list of authors in
the table above, but you are not limited to that list. It may also be nice to write about
an author who has a little online presence, but have made significant impact to the
lives of his/her readers. Make sure that your feature provides the following information:
background of the author, a short overview of the authors literary works (books, online
or print publications, etc.), a short sampling of the authors work/s together with your
commentary. End the article by highlighting what are the author’s contribution to
contemporary literature where you can include his/her causes or advocacies based on
the common themes found in his/her work.
(Note: Write this activity in your notebook. You may also publish this online.)
RUBRIC FOR WRITING COMPOSITION
Performance Very Good Good Needs
Areas 10-8 7-5 Improvement
4-1
Article has specific Central idea is Unable to find
central idea that is vague; non- specific supporting
clearly stated in the supportive to the details
Content
opening paragraph, topic; lacks focus
appropriate,
concrete details.
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Article is logically Writing somewhat Central point and
organized and well- digresses from the flow of article is
Organization structured central idea lost; lacks
organization and
continuity
Cited research Some research of the Did little or no
information, topic was done but gathering of
introduced personal was inconclusive to information on the
Research
ideas to enhance support topic; cited topic, did not cite
article information was information
cohesiveness vague
Writing is smooth, Sentences are varied Lacks creativity and
coherent and and inconsistent with focus. Unrelated
Style
consistent central idea word choice to
central idea
Written work has Written work is Written article has
no errors in word relatively free of several errors in
selection and use errors in word word selection and
sentence structure, selection and use, use.
Mechanics
spelling, sentence structure,
punctuation, and spelling, punctuation
capitalization and capitalization
(some have errors)
Congratulations! You have made it through the first lesson. If you wanna know your
score in the Brainergizer, check out the answers and the explanation below.
1. The language of the Rom, or Gypsy, people comes from India.
Answer: True
Romany is an Indo-Aryan language. The Rom, or Gypsy, people migrated
from India about a thousand years ago.
2. English is related to German.
Answer: True
German, English, and even Hindi are all part of a great family of languages
called Indo-European. They descended from a common ancestor many
thousands of years ago.
3. The poet W. B. Yeats was from England.
Answer: False
William Butler Yeats, famed as the poet of “Easter, 1916” and “The Second
Coming,” was born in Dublin, Ireland, and spent his life in that country.
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Ngugi wa Thiongo has written in English, but he began to write only in his
native Kikuyu in the 1990s. His 2004 novel “Wizard of the Crow” was
written in Kikuyu and then translated into English.
The Sound and the Fury (1929) is a novel by American writer William
Faulkner. Its title is a quote from a monologue in Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
In 1991 the novelist and short-story writer Nadine Gordimer became the
first South African to win the Nobel Prize for literature. J. M. Coetzee won
in 2003.
7. The words chortle and galumph were both invented by Lewis Carroll.
Answer: True
Chortle and galumph were first used in Carroll’s 1871 nonsense poem
“Jabberwocky”. They are both portmanteau words—that is, new words
made up by combining parts of other words.
8. The Brothers Grimm, authors of fairy tales such as “Hansel and Gretel,” were
from Germany.
Answer: True
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were German academics who collected fairy
tales, among them “Hansel and Gretel” and “Snow White.”
Agatha Christie wrote many novels but also wrote plays. The latter include
The “Mousetrap” (1952), which set a world record for the longest
continuous run at one theater, and “Witness for the Prosecution” (1953;
film, 1957).
Now, Let’s Proceed to Lesson 2
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21ST CENTURY LITERARY
LESSON GENRES AND THEIR
2 ELEMENTS, STRUCTURES
AND TRADITIONS
Learning Competency: Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary
genres and their elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe, EN12Lit-
IId-25 (2 hours).
WHAT I KNOW
INSTRUCTIONS: Read and answer the following statements. Write your answer in
your notebook.
1. What is a genre?
a. a type of recipe c. a gendered story
b. a category of literature d. a rhyming poem
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b. A genre is a type of style d. Genres are characterized by different
styles
WHAT’S IN
List down your top 3 favorite movies or books and decide on what genre they
belong. You can write down your responses in your notebook. (Example: E.T. (movie)
– Science Fiction)
1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
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WHAT IS IT
The most general genres in literature are (in loose chronological order)
epic, tragedy, comedy, and creative nonfiction. They can all be in the form of
prose or poetry. Additionally, a genre such as satire, allegory or pastoral might
appear in any of the above, not only as a sub-genre, but as a mixture of genres.
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Finally, they are defined by the general cultural movement of the
historical period in which they were composed. Genre should not be confused
with age categories, by which literature may be classified as either adult, young-
adult, or children's. They also must not be confused with format, such as
graphic novel or picture book. -SHS Curriculum Guide, 21st Century Literature
of the Philippines and the World
Genre, in broad terms, refers to any works that share certain
characteristics. If enough characteristics are in common, then the pieces are
said to be in the same genre.
21st Century Literary Genres, Traditions and Forms from Different Cultures
• Contemporary literature
- Reflects current trends in life and culture and because these things
change often, contemporary literature changes often as well.
- Reflects author's perspective and can be cynical.
- Questions facts, historical perspectives and presents 2 contradictory
arguments side by side
Contemporary literature began in the 1940s or so. A few of its qualities:
- Reality-based stories with strong characters and a believable story;
- Well-defined, realistic, highly developed characters in realistic,
sometimes harsh environments;
- Often the stories are character driven;
- The literature is ironic and reflects current political, social and personal
issues;
- May reflect a personal cynicism, disillusionment and frustration;
- Facts are questioned as are historical perspectives;
- Often presents two contradictory arguments;
- The literature may reflect a growing skepticism in the existence of God
as well as distrust or lack of faith in traditional institutions
• The 2000s
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• Chinese literature
• Japanese literature
- Marked by a strong and intentional break with tradition and the nation-
centered and group orientation values.
- This break included:
A strong reaction against established religious, political, and social
views.
- Feminism, individualism, internationalism, liberalism, and proletarian
emerged during this period
- Concerned with the subconscious.
- New literary forms and style like:
A novel in 1st POV is written like an autobiographical confessional type
of narration
• Indian Literature
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• African literature
• American literature
• English Literature
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Persian Gulf War and its aftermath) received attention, writers were still
more disposed to look back.
- Although they had entered into a new millennium, writers seemed to find
greater imaginative stimulus in the past than in the present and the
future.
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b. Drama- It is the genre of literature with stories composed of verse or prose
which is meant to be dramatically or theatrically performed. Its emotions and
conflicts are expressed through dialogue and movements or action.
c. Blog - A weblog: a website containing short articles called posts that are
changed regularly. Some blogs are written by one person containing their own
opinions, interests and experiences, while others are written by many different
people.
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vii. Doodle Fiction – It is a literary presentation where the author
incorporates doodle writing and drawings, and handwritten graphics in
place of traditional font.
Example: Diary of a Wimpy Kid
viii. Text-Talk Novels- These are stories that are told almost completely in
dialogue simulating social network exchanges.
ASSESSMENT
Instructions: Read each statement carefully. Then, write the letter with the correct
answer in your notebook.
1. A relatively new and popular type of contemporary world literature is the _____,
which uses illustrations and dialogue to create the story.
a. Graphic novel
b. Comic book
c. Memoir
d. Descriptive piece
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2. One of the biggest thematic trends of contemporary world literature is _____, which
seeks to represent minorities, oppressed peoples, and people from non-Western
countries.
a. Post-colonialism
b. Fiction
c. Realism
d. None of these
3. A major type of literature that makes use of imagery, figurative language, and
sometimes rhyme. Rather than paragraphs it is written in stanzas.
a. Drama
b. Informational
c. Poetry
d. Fiction
4. Fiction → Writing that contains true facts, & tells about real people, places, objects,
etc.
a. True
b. False
5. Science Fiction → Fictional story that combines elements of fantasy and scientific
facts. Often set in the future.
a. True
b. False
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WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1
Instructions: Choose from among the various literary pieces that you have
read/heard/seen across the world and accomplish the Compare/Contrast Tower
below by citing the similarities and differences in their literary genres and their
elements, structures, and traditions. Do this in your notebook.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
2. What can you say about the article? Write a two-paragraph reaction
about the article in connection to the elements of literary genres?
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
In your notebook, write down everything that you have learned from this module.
Congratulations! You have made it through this lesson. You are now ready to go to
the next level.
Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
WHAT I KNOW
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Direction: Choose the letter with the correct answer. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. What is telemedicine?
a. Something that gives people access to the expertise of specialties in urban
hospitals through the use of multimedia and computer networks
b. A computer game that allows people to pretend to be doctors
c. A database that lists and explains all known medicines
d. An advertisement for the local grocery store's pharmacy
5. What three important events combined to create the Internet we recognize today?
a. The end of World War II, the beginning of the Cold War, and the
development of nuclear weapons
b. The arrival of the first mass-produced personal computers, the World Wide
Web, and the development of browser software
c. The creating of the ballpoint pen, the development of the typewriter, and the
development of Microsoft Word
d. The first broadcast news show, the creation of video cameras, and the
eventual use of computers
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b. It helps students learn in new and stimulating ways and allows them to
apply their knowledge creatively
c. It allows students to control all their learning
d. It replaces teacher lectures
8. What war inspired the United States to form a new way of communicating, now
commonly known as the Internet?
a. The Gulf War
b. The Vietnam War
c. World War II
d. The Cold War
WHAT IS IT
What is Multimedia?
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Advantages of using Multimedia in Education
• It has made education for specially-able students easier.
• It spurs the students to learn more.
• It is easier to learn from images rather than text.
• Audios are the best source of improving pronunciation in students.
• Graphics make learning process interesting and engaging.
• Now-a-days even small kids have started using multimedia and have started
learning at a very early age because of multimedia.
Creativity
A creative mindset is the primo skill you must have. Although you’ll need this in all
other career paths, creativity remains the crème de la crème in Multimedia Arts.
With all the monotonous ideas available in the market, you’ll need to step out and
add your own flavor. Shun dull ideas and squeeze out your creative juices.
Communication Skills
Even though media gadgets and tools take most of your time, good communication
skills still matter to be successful in the field. Express your ideas out and deliver
your views and opinion well. Communication skills help you to expound your
thoughts with your peers and vice versa. You must know how to listen intently and
return an interesting response.
Management Skills
Another thing you need to hone is your management skills. You must manage
your time and prioritize your errands. Deadlines and projects consume time and
may dare you to give up your social life. However, with organizational skills as one
of your hallmarks, you can finish tasks well. Flexibility is also the key.
Problem-Solving Skills
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A successful Multimedia Artist has the initiative to solve intricate problems. With
logical and analytical reasoning skills, you can easily adapt to changes and
sudden snags common in the Multimedia Arts field. You must know that an idea
can face glitches, therefore you must put possible solutions on the table and
contribute proactive ideas. eCreateMo!
WHAT I CAN DO
ACTIVITY 1
If you were to recreate the story below, how would you do it? Tell your story
using a comic strip. Create your own digital comic strip by using this link:
https://www.makebeliefscomix.com/Comix/?starter_id=2718656C2734673
Once upon a time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru
Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that
the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish
changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He fell in
love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry him and said that Batara Guru
had to keep the secret, which she had been a fish. Batara Guru agreed and promised
that he would never tell anybody about it. They were married happily. They had two
daughters.
One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He would not control
his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daughters. The daughters
were crying. They found their mother and talked to her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was
shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth
formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this
lake is known as Toba Lake.
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A comic strip is a sequence of drawings in boxes that tells an
Tip amusing story, typically printed in a newspaper or comic book. Try to
explore the link above to create your own comic strip.
Thank you.
ASSESSMENT
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong. Write your
answers in your notebook.
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LESSON ICT SKILLS IN LITERARY
4 TEXT ADAPTATION
Learning Competency: Apply ICT Skills in Crafting an Adaptation of a Literary Text
(2hours).
WHAT I KNOW
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Instructions: Recall what you learned about the information communication
technology (ICT). Read and answer the following statements. Write the letter of
your answer in your notebook.
1. What could you install in your computer in order to keep it safe and secure from
viruses?
a. Download Malware
b. Download Spyware
c. Download an Anti-Virus program
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9. Which leading computer software business created programs like Spread Sheet,
Word and Power point?
a. Google
b. Apple
c. Microsoft
WHAT IS IT
What is ICT?
ICT SKILLS
• Online Research
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able to sift through all the information online to find what you need involving
basic online information management skills.
• Email Management and Setup
able to effectively and successfully communicate via email.
• Social Media Management
Use of social media such Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and
Pinterest in valuable ways.
• Desktop Publishing
Creation of materials that need to be printed and distributed such as fliers,
brochures, newsletters, and more. using desktop publishing software like MS
Publisher, MS Powerpoint, MS Word, Print Setting , and etc.
• Online Collaboration
Sharing information with your coworkers, or friends, online such as a meeting
to a shared online calendar, providing feedback on a document through a web-
based document application, and holding an online video conference with
colleagues.
• Smartphones and Tablets
The use of smartphones and tablets so it is easily accessible during certain
hours of the day.
• Word Processing
In this day and age, it is expected that individuals know how to use word
processing technology to be able to produce written documents (including
business letters, meeting minutes, and more) using a computer processor such
as Microsoft Word.
It can also involve adapting the same literary work in the same genre or
medium just for different purposes, e.g. to work with a smaller cast, in a smaller venue
(or on the road), or for a different demographic group (such as adapting a story for
children). Sometimes the editing of these works without the approval of the author can
lead to a court case.
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adapting to a dramatic work, e.g. film, stage play, teleplay, as dramatic writing is some
of the most difficult. To get an original story to function well on all the necessary
dimensions—concept, character, story, dialogue, and action—is an extremely rare
event performed by a rare talent.
Digital Storytelling
The process of crafting the digital story builds communication, creativity, visual
and sound literacy, and project management skills. Telling your stories with text,
pictures, and your own narration is easy. Frames helps you engage your audience
with features like pan and zoom, the ability to match frame duration to sound
recording, and more.
WHAT’S IN
A. Read carefully and understand the poem, “Blood” by Carmen Boullosa Then
create a poem with similar meaning and tone. Create your own title related to the
other parts of your body. After writing, post your Poem on your FB Status and
encourage comments from your friends and followers.
B. You may also add a melody of the Poem to compose your own song. Interpret
your own song or let somebody sing it and Post it on your FB wall.
C. Create a story out of your Poem using digital storytelling. Use the link below to
know how to create a digital story. https://www.tech4learning.com/frames/
Blood
Carmen Boullosa
If it is the moon that governs the tides, what strange star controls the
blood of our two different bodies? It is a star that your eyes can not see, not even
mine, it lives hidden by the moon and the sun. His subject cruel plays with the
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signs of its particles, without fear to get in danger of bursting, or change shape,
become once again minimal parts, asteroids into different orbits or dust,
scattered dust pilgrim. A star absurd. It is because of him that my blood tends
toward your. If they do not show any inclination towards me, then, it is that you’re
in the lead mine, that you are my moon. You the one that controls my tendency.
Through your veins do not burst circulates this dull sense, your blood limestone.
Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
WHAT’S IN
39
eVideo Mo
Read the short story, “Small People: The Cemetery Keeper” carefully
internalizing its content and value. Then, create a short video clip about it. Record the
video and submit through email. Be guided by the rubrics provided below.
There was quite a commotion when two youngsters scampered away from
their drinking table at a small store. One ran like being chased by a ghost and the
other stumbled covering his face with his hands. Other smiling teenagers remained
seated at their table slowly sipping red local wine. “What’s happening?” I asked one
young drinker I recognized. “They are scared…Steve wanted to kiss them..", replied
the guy laughing and pointed to Steve standing at the corner of the store holding a
glass of wine offered to him by the drinkers.
Years before 1950s, the Philippines did not have adequate primary health
services and private medical practitioners were few in places other than in big cities.
Many communities suffered outbreaks of ailments which could have been prevented
by vaccination. The dreaded smallpox struck Steve’s town of Danao afflicting many
residents, Steve among them. He was in his teens when smallpox disfigured his face
with pockmarks.
Steve’s real name was Esteban. Younger residents of the town addressed him
as Steve while the older ones used his full name. Steve lived his teen years and many
years of adulthood suffering from humiliation with his pockmarked face and a moniker
in the vernacular which English equivalent is “Pockmarked Steve”. Peered closely,
Steve’s face was like being punctured with craters similar to the moon’s surface.
When in a group of friends and colleagues, Steve often became the butt of jokes and
invented funny tales. There were remarks that Steve had a face that even a mother
could not love and that his funny face could launch a thousand laughs. Steve’s
distressing predicament made it difficult for him to seek and land any job, let alone
find a mate. Notwithstanding, he lived a decent and colorful life. Behind his
pockmarked face, he maintained a steely resolve to find himself a respectable slot in
the social structure of the community.
Steve managed to get by decently by doing sundry jobs that had few takers,
by doing voluntary services and by honestly adhering to his Christian faith. He dug
latrines and graves and sold candles and coffins. Some voluntary tasks and services
he rendered endeared him to many residents of the town. He was almost always one
40
of the first to offer condolences and assistance to a bereaved family and was usually
around during prayers and wakes for the departed. On stage presentations during
social gatherings, he always volunteered and participated as a jester, capitalizing on
his terribly pockmarked face. Steve’s religiosity was also very well known in the
community and was even noted by the town’s catholic priest, Father Alcoseba. He
seldom missed the Sunday mass and joining any religious procession around the
town.
Undaunted by the playful taunts and jokes on his pockmarks, Steve learned a
hilarious way to get back at his main tormentors, some of the town’s machos.
I and my friends met and talked with Steve few times and found him a very
friendly and dignified person. He addressed us in the vernacular of ‘Lads’, in Danao,
an expression of esteem for younger ones. He always inquired how far we were from
finishing our studies.
Few years after graduation, I moved to work in Manila, which at that time is like
moving from the Philippines to another country. When Grandmother Crispina, passed
on, I came back to Danao for her funeral and encountered Steve again during
Grandmother’s wake. “How are you Lad? How’s life?”, he inquired. I smiled and
mumbled some greetings to him. When grandmother was interred, I saw Steve help
lift and lower her coffin to the concrete tomb.
I went back home again to Danao when Aunt Margarita passed away. This
time I noticed a small house near the cemetery with kids running around the yard and
candles and flowers sold at the base of the house. Then I saw Steve came out. He
shook my hands, muttered “How are you Lad”, offered condolences and went with me
into my Aunt’s burial tomb. Unlike before, the cemetery was now very well kempt and
trees overlook the tombs. I learned later that Father Alcoseba had earlier employed
Steve to tend the catholic cemetery and that he found a loving a mate, built a small
41
house on a lot fronting the cemetery and had children. Steve ultimately found his
calling and succeeded in altering his humiliating moniker.
I left Danao confident that the serenity of my ancestors’ resting place was
watched over by ‘Steve, the Cemetery Keeper’.
eRate Mo
Let your peer or classmate view your creative presentation. Then, let him/her evaluate
your work using the criteria below.
42
Criteria for the Creative Presentation
Failure to
Exemplary Competent Inconsistent Meet
Criteria Total
10-9 8-7 6-4 Expectations
3-1
Effective use Adequate use Ineffective Media
of media which of media and media component
added to acceptable presented or unclear
overall addition to not and/or not
presentation. the adequately presented.
Media
Attention to presentation. presented as
detail and an adjunct to
quality of the
media presentation.
throughout.
Presenter Presenter Decreased Lack of
showed ability showed ability to shareprofessional
to engage all average given content presentation
peers engagement as evidenced during any
interpersonally and by clearly portion of the
Presentation with genuine /or difficulty uncomfortable presentation
excitement engaging with presenting the period( dress,
and peers either content behavior, etc)
enthusiasm non-verbally activity. or over-all
or verbally. lack of
expression.
All participants Activity Activity and/or Activity
actively demonstrated given content showed
engaged with appropriate not clearly limited link to
the presented content remembered actual
creative association, and/or effort presentation
Engagement
activity and however lacked over-all content.
associated purpose and professional
content would interactive presentation.
be easily piece not
remembered. clear.
43
Obvious Met the Unclear Failed to
creativity, requirements connection of meet the
effort, and of the presentation purpose of
originality assignment; purpose and the actual
throughout however, key content presentation.
Overall presentation during the
overall
presentation presentation.
lacked
originality
&creativity
After studying this module, the following are the important points that I learned:
1. I have identified the representative texts and authors from Asia, North
America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa;
2. I have compared and contrasted the various 21st century literary genres and
their elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe;
5. I have done the self - and /or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of
a literary text, based on rationalized criteria prior to presentation
7. Finally, learning the topics covered in this module is indeed memorable and
fun!
44
CONGRATULATIONS!
45
ONLINE REFERENCES
"21st Century Literary Genre." Share and Discover Knowledge on LinkedIn
SlideShare, 25 May 2018, www.slideshare.net/lhengacusan/21st-century-
literary-genre. Accessed 12 May 2020.
"21st Century Literary Genres, Traditions and Forms from Different Cultures." Quizlet,
quizlet.com/199172691/21st-century-literary-genres-traditions-and-forms-
from-different-cultures-flash-cards/. Accessed 11 May 2020.
"The 21st Century." Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/art/English-
literature/The-21st-century. Accessed 12 May 2020.
"Attention Required!" Attention Required! | Cloudflare,
www.masterclass.com/articles/poetry-101-learn-about-poetry-different-types-
of-poems-and-poetic-devices-with-examples#what-is-poetry. Accessed 12
May 2020.
Behrooz, Anahit. "The Top 10 Contemporary African Writers You Should Know."
Culture Trip, 18 May 2015, theculturetrip.com/africa/articles/the-top-10-
contemporary-african-writers-you-should-know/.
Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). "A Selection of France's Best Contemporary Writers
| DW | 11.10.2017." DW.COM, www.dw.com/en/a-selection-of-frances-best-
contemporary-writers/g-40904251.
"Fantasy." Literary Terms, 3 Nov. 2018, literaryterms.net/fantasy/. Accessed 12 May
2020.
Flanagan, Mark. "10 Important Contemporary and Late-20th-Century Authors."
ThoughtCo, Feb. 11, 2020, thoughtco.com/important-contemporary-authors-
852801.
"Genre." Literary Devices, 19 Oct. 2017, literarydevices.net/genre/.
Goodreads, www.goodreads.com/. Accessed 12 May 2020.
Hirst, K. Kris. "Gabriel García Márquez: Writer of Magical Realism." ThoughtCo, Feb.
24, 2020, thoughtco.com/biography-of-gabriel-garcia-marquez-4179046.
"Literature and Language True or False Quiz Questions with Explanation - Q4quiz."
General Knowledge and Quiz Questions Answers, 28 Apr. 2020,
www.q4quiz.com/literature-and-language-true-or-false-gk-quiz-questions-and-
answers/.
London Renee Ivey. "What the Heck is Spoken Word?" Medium, 23 June 2015,
medium.com/world-literature/what-the-heck-is-spoken-word-4fae5d63fada.
Accessed 12 May 2020.
"Mario Vargas Llosa." US Macmillan, 14 June 2016,
us.macmillan.com/author/mariovargasllosa.
Oziewicz, Marek. "Speculative Fiction." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature.
March 29, 2017. Oxford University Press. Date of access 11 May. 2020,
<https://oxfordre.com/literature/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.001.00
01/acrefore-9780190201098-e-78>
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"Quiz & Worksheet - World Literature Genres, Styles & Trends | Study.com."
Study.com, study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-world-literature-
genres-styles-trends.html. Accessed 12 May 2020.
"Ultimate Quiz On Literary Genre." ProProfs, 11 2018, www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=literary-genre-quiz_1. Accessed 12 May 2020.
"What Are the Elements of Contemporary Literature?" Quora - A Place to Share
Knowledge and Better Understand the World, www.quora.com/What-are-the-
elements-of-Contemporary-Literature. Accessed 11 May 2020.
"World Literature. Literature in Different Countries. Academic Writing." Ozzz.org,
ozzz.org/world-literature/. Accessed 11 May 2020.
Internet Resources
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-adaptation-in-literature-and-the-principle-that-
guides-an-auth or-in-attempt-at-adapting-and-editing-of-a-literary-text
https://www.makebeliefscomix.com/Comix/?starter_id=2718656C2734673
https://www.tech4learning.com/frames/ https://www.ciit.edu.ph/multimedia-skills/
https://www.griffith.ie/faculties/springboard/what-are-ict-skills
https://prezi.com/dktdoh1i0m8s/creative-adaptation/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01jyx56
http://www.ehow.com/how_4449015_use- prepositions.html#ixzz20fsexmPh
http://www.grammaruntied.com/pronouns/pronounpracticeansw.html
http:grammar.ccc.comment.edu/grammar/phrases.htm# prepositions).
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48
MODULE 2 – LESSON 1
What I know
1. Asia 11. North America
2. Asia 12. North America
3. South America 13. b
4. Europe 14. a
5. Europe 15. c
6. Europe 16. c
7. Africa, Asia 17. a
8. Africa 18. b
9. Africa 19. a
10. Asia 20. a
What’s in
Brainergizer Answer Key
1.True- Romany is an Indo-Aryan language. The Rom, or Gypsy, people migrated
from India about a thousand years ago.
2.True- German, English, and even Hindi are all part of a great family of languages
called Indo-European. They descended from a common ancestor many thousands
of years ago.
3. False- William Butler Yeats, famed as the poet of “Easter, 1916” and “The
Second Coming,” was born in Dublin, Ireland, and spent his life in that country.
4.False- Ngugi wa Thiongo has written in English, but he began to write only in his
native Kikuyu in the 1990s. His 2004 novel Wizard of the Crow was written in
Kikuyu and then translated into English.
5. False- The Sound and the Fury (1929) is a novel by American writer William
Faulkner. Its title is a quote from a monologue in Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
6. False- In 1991 the novelist and short-story writer Nadine Gordimer became the
first South African to win the Nobel Prize for literature. J. M. Coetzee won in 2003.
7. True- Chortle and galumph were first used in Carroll’s 1871 nonsense poem
Jabberwocky. They are both portmanteau words—that is, new words made up by
combining parts of other words.
8. True- Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were German academics who collected fairy
tales, among them “Hansel and Gretel” and “Snow White.”
9. False- A poet and novelist, Jeppe Aakjær (1866–1930) was a leading exponent
of Danish regional literature. He also promoted the literature of social
consciousness
10.False- Agatha Christie wrote many novels but also wrote plays. The latter
include The Mousetrap (1952), which set a world record for the longest continuous
run at one theater, and Witness for the Prosecution (1953; film, 1957).
ANSWER KEY
49
Assessment (Matching Type)
1. J
2. C
3. F
4. I
5. B
6. G
7. H
8. E
9. A
MODULE 2 – LESSON 2
MODULE 2 – LESSON 3
Grammar Grooming
1. Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every morning before dawn to keep in shape.
2. Dad walks impatiently into town every afternoon before supper to get a newspaper.
3. Lhuzel studies diligently at the library every morning before her afternoon’s class to get
good grades.
4. Andrae eats voraciously at the canteen every recess before the next class to get
alert.
5. Thalia naps in her room every morning before lunch.
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MODULE 2 – LESSON 4
MODULE 2 – LESSON 5
Grammar Grooming
1. around; in
2. on
3. with
4. about
5. onto; without
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)
51