09/12/2021

-“I have... left”, 
  “I have only one page left” (‘Me queda solo una página’).  “I have one euro left” (‘Me queda
un euro’).

1a. Neither of the films is
1b. Both of the films are
2a.  either of the restaurants
2b.  Neither of the restaurants
3a.  Both of the art teachers
3b.  Neither of the art teachers
4a.  Both of my sisters
4b.  Neither of my sisters
5a.  either of
5b.  neither of
1When I was a child I x a bicycle.
Correct answer: didn't have

2You’ve been tidying up,xx?

Correct answer: haven't you

3xx to do it now? Can’t I do it later?

Correct answer: Do I have
➪ The verb have in have to is not an auxiliary verb. This means that it doesn't have
interrogative and negative forms, so we need to use do/does or did for questions in present
and past and don't/doesn't or didn't for negatives.

4I xx much time today, can we meet tomorrow?

Correct answer: haven't got
➪ We can use have (main verb) and have got (auxiliary verb) for possession. The negative
forms are don't have and haven't got.

5She can’t talk now. She xxx a shower.

Correct answer: 's having
➪ Have meaning ‘take’ (a shower, a drink, etc.), ‘give’ (a party), etc. is a dynamic verb, so it
can be used in continuous forms.

6They xx a big house in the suburbs.

Correct answer: have

7How long have you xxx your house by the beach?

Correct answer: had

8You had to call me earlier, xxx?

Correct answer: didn't you
➪ Have to is a main verb. We need do or another auxiliary verb to make questions, negatives,
short answers, tag questions, etc.

9It was dangerous. We might xxx had an accident.

Correct answer: have
➪ We use some modals verbs + have + past participle to talk about the past. These forms are
called past or perfect modals. 

10The room looks so nice because I xxx it redecorated last week.

Correct answer: had
➪ We use the structure have + object + past participle ('have something done') to mean that
we get/pay somebody else to do something for us.

27/11/2021

Both: 2 people/things positive. We use both to refer to two things or people together:

Both those chairs are occupied, I’m afraid. (The two chairs are occupied.)

Neither: 2 people/things negative. Neither allows us to make a negative statement

about two people or things at the same time
Neither parent came to meet the teacher. (The mother didn’t come and the father
didn’t come.)
Neither of us went to the concert.

All: 2+ people/things positive.

I need to speak to all of you for a few minutes.
He brought gifts for all of us.

None: 2+ people/things negative.

None of his old friends knew what had happened to him.
It doesn’t matter. None of it was your fault.
None of the products have been tested on animals.

1. William and Harry need to attend the meeting. 

a. BOTH William AND Harry need to attend the meeting. 

2. Sally or Sandra has written the letter. 

a. EITHER Sally OR Sandra has written the letter. 

3. Nancy and her children didn’t remember to take the house keys. 

a. NEITHER Nancy NOR her children remembered to take the house keys. 

CORRECT: Call me
INCORRECT: Call to me
Make sure you don’t say “to” after “call”!!
He called (you) last night when you were out.
She called (me) this morning at the office and we had a brief chat.
Do you think we should call the police?

-Future conditional=1st conditional.
If I finish my work on time, I will go home early.
If +Present ,future
We use this to express a possibility in the present that will affect the future.
If I lean out the window, I’ll fall.
The difference between ‘I haven't’ and ‘I don't have’: 
When we use ‘I don't have’, for example – ‘I don't have a pen’ – we're using ‘have’ as a main
verb meaning to own or possess: ‘I don't have a car’ – ‘Do you have a pencil?’ We need the
auxiliary verb ‘do’ to help support the main verb ‘have’. So for example we wouldn't normally
say ‘I haven't a pen’ or ‘I haven't a book’. We would normally say – ‘I don't have a book’, or ‘I
don't have pen’.

In British English, of course, you might also hear ‘I've got’: ‘I've got a book’, ‘I've got a pen’, ‘I've
got a new car’. Here ‘have’ is playing the part of the auxiliary verb and this is where we can use
‘haven't’: ‘I haven't got a book’, ‘I haven't got a pen’, ‘Have you got a new car?’

It's important to remember then that ‘have’ can be a main verb or an auxiliary verb. If it's a
main verb you need another auxiliary to support it, such as ‘do’. ‘Do you have a new car?’

When it's an auxiliary verb it's helping another verb – ‘Have you got a new car?’ But please try
to avoid – ‘I haven't a new car.’

VERB: To have got VERB: To have

I have got a dog.  I have a dog. 

I haven’t got a dog.  I don’t have a dog. 

Have I got a dog? Do I have a dog?

-Attend: 
be present at (an event, meeting, or function): the whole sales force attended the conference.

-attendee: someone who goes to a place, event, etc.

-Assist: help. ‘A senior academic would assist him in his work’ ‘their presence would assist in

keeping the peace’. 

If he feels better, he’ll go out tonight.

If she feels better, she’ll go to work tomorrow.

If they feel better, they’ll call you. I’ll feel better if I take one of these.

You’ll feel better if you don’t eat anything tonight.

I’ll call you if I feel better tomorrow.

You’ll feel worse if you don’t take your medicine.

If she does that, she’ll feel worse.

I’m sure I’ll feel worse when I get to the hospital. 

21/11/2021

-We use:

in on

in the morning on Tuesday morning

in the mornings on Saturday mornings

in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoon(s)

in the evening(s) on Monday evening(s)

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

 I went to London last  June. (not in  last  June)

 He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on  next  Tuesday)
 I go home  every  Easter. (not at every Easter)
 We'll call you this  evening. (not  in  this evening)
It's nice to be with family and friends at Christmas.
I get two weeks off school at Easter.

 
On the table 
On the back of my hand
In the palm of my hand 
In my pocket 
A stain on my shirt 
A pen in my shirt pocket
 
In the Street v. on the street – both right but – tall buildings either side = in the street
(have them visualise a street in New York – skyscrapers on both sides)
No or low buildings either side – on the street (have them visualise a residential street
in London – two-story houses on both sides)
On the road 
In the middle of the road 
-worth: having a particular value, especially in money
I think this matter is worth our attention.
Our house is worth £200,000.
Don't tire yourself out, it's really not worth it.

- whole: we use it to describe the completeness of something

I’ve wanted to be an actor my whole life.
Please can you check the whole document?
I thought the whole experience was very interesting
The whole team was late for the training

-Future conditional=1st conditional.
If I finish my work on time, I will go home early.
If +Present ,future
We use this to express a possibility in the present that will affect the future.
If I lean out the window, I’ll fall.

Try to make the most of your time in England.
Make the most of your day off!
I really made the most of my time off.
You have to make the most of your life.

I don’t have car insurance /inshóorensss/. 

Why do I need life insurance /inshóorensss/?
Do you have dental insurance /inshóorensss/?
I’m going to get health insurance /inshóorensss/.
I don’t normally get phone insurance /inshóorensss/. I don’t think it’s necessary.
Recuerda que casi nunca decimos “I think it’s not...”, sino que solemos utilizar el auxiliar
“don’t” para expresar “I don’t think it’s...” (‘Creo que no es...’).

Is your job really so frustrating?

The weather today is really depressing.
Are you excited about your new job?
Of course I was embarrassed! 
That music is so annoying!

30/10/2021

-explain: to make something clear or easy to understand by describing or giving information

about it:
If there's anything you don't understand, I'll be happy  to  explain.
The teacher  explained  the rules  to  the children.
[ + question word ] Our guide  explained  where the cathedral was.

-Bank holiday: an official holiday when banks and most businesses are closed for a day

-usually: in the way that most often happens

He usually gets home about six o'clock.
I usually just have a sandwich for lunch.
Is your friend usually so rude?
-neighbourhood: the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or the people who live in
this area
There were lots of kids in my neighbourhood when I was growing up.

-landlord: a person or organization that owns a building or an area of land and is paid by other
people for the use of it

-depend: 
Whether or not we go to Mexico for our holiday depends on the cost.
[ + question word ] I might go to the cinema tomorrow - it depends what time I get home from
work.
How long the journey takes will depend on how long it takes to get through the traffic

Job vs Work (as Nouns)
Job: Work:
-countable  -uncountable

- with articles To express quantity of tasks

and projects
-with possessives 
e.g my, your, his
Use – 
A lot, any, some, a little, not
- + adjectives much + to have
e.g a I've got so much work to do.
tough/new/interesting job 
Carrying heavy loads around
When she left college, she got all day is hard work.
a job as an editor in a
publishing company. What time do you
start/finish work?
It's very difficult trying to bring
up two children while doing a
full-time job.

She's applied for a job with an

insurance company.
Work (as a place) uses for the
main part:
 To go to
 To get to
 To leave Irregular – I
left my job ( I quit)
 To be at 
Not :I am at job!!! mistake
To go back vs to come back

Here = come back and there = go back. For example:

 Simon / work / here / right now

 Simon is coming back to work right now

 Jane / home / there / right now

 Jane is going back home right now

Do I have to send the email?

Why do I have to send the email?
Do I have to call the boss again?
Why do I have to call the boss again?
Do I have to attend the meeting?
Why do I have to attend the meeting? 
What time do I have to get to work? 
When do I have to go and eat?
When do I have to do the report?
No lo pienses – Don’t think about it
Estamos pensando en los cambios – We’re thinking about the changes
¿Estás pensando en las consecuencias? – Are you thinking about the consequences?
Piénsalo! – Think about it!
Estoy pensando en hablar con Julia – I’m thinking about talking to Julia
¿Estáis pensando en tener una mascota? - Are you thinking about having a pet?
Mi jefe está pensando en tomarse un descanso – My boss is thinking about taking a break.
¿Está Mary pensando en comprarse un coche nuevo? – Is Mary thinking about buying a new
car?

18/10/2021

Hello there,

Review:

-Ask is a verb meaning ‘put a question or seek an answer from someone’:

Can I ask you a question?
He asked me what age I was.
‘How are you?’ she asked.

Ask + to-infinitive

We can use ask with the to-infinitive to talk about requesting something:

She asked to see Professor Fenton. (ask + to-infinitive)
We asked the City Council to help us organise a sports day. (ask + object + to-
infinitive).

Ask for
If you ask for something, it means that you want someone to give you something:
I always ask for extra tomato sauce on my pizza.
They asked their boss for more money, but he refused.
-Ask and ask for: typical error
We use for when we request someone to give us something:
I called them to ask for more details.
Not: I called them to ask more details.

-Do, does, did are used before the subject to form questions with have to:
Do we have to take our shoes off?
Do I have to answer the phone?
Do I have to finish it by tomorrow?

-think: to believe something or have an opinion or idea

[ + (that) ] I think (that) I've met you before.
What did you think of the film?
What do you think about the latest plans for improving the underground system?
I'm thinking about buying a new car.

-miss: to arrive too late to get on a bus, train, or aircraft

You'll miss your flight if you don't hurry up.

-catch: to travel or be able to travel on an aircraft, train, bus, etc.

He always catches the 10.30 a.m. train to work.

5/10/2021

-“I have... left”, 
  “I have only one page left” (‘Me queda solo una página’).  “I have one euro left” (‘Me queda
un euro’).

-near: not far away in distance

Is there a restaurant  near  here?
I'd like to sit  near  a window, please.
Don't come too  near  me - you might catch my cold.
The hotel is  near  the airport.

-Much, many with a noun
We use much with singular uncountable nouns and many with plural nouns:
[talking about money]
I haven’t got much change. I’ve only got a ten euro note.
Are there many campsites near you?
Is there much unemployment in that area?
How many eggs are in this cake?
Do you think many people will come?
It was pouring with rain but there wasn’t much wind.
There aren’t many women priests.

Affirmatives

In affirmative clauses we sometimes use much and many in more formal styles:

There is much concern about drug addiction in the US.
He had heard many stories about Yanto and he knew he was trouble.
In informal styles, we prefer to use lots of or a lot of:
I went shopping and spent a lot of money.
Not: I went shopping and spent much money.
The waiter was rude. → Was the waiter rude?
I am sick. → Am I sick/Are you sick?
You were tired. → Were you tired?
Sarah was his teacher. → Was Sarah his teacher?
We will join. → Will we join/Will you join?
Peter is going to go. → Is Peter going to go?
He reads every day. → Does he read every day?
The printer broke. → Did the printer break?
We want more money. → Do we want more money/Do you want more money?
She had a smile on her face. → Did she have a smile on her face?
The boss noticed the mistake. → Did the boss notice the mistake?

Q: Were you there? A: Yes. I was there.

Q:  Were you rich? A: No, we were not rich.
Q:  Is today your birthday/Is today my birthday? A: Yes, today is my birthday.
Q:  Was the price the same? A: No, the price was not the same.
Q:  Was she going to visit? A: Yes, she was going to visit.
Q:  Have they finished? A: No, they haven’t finished.
Q: Will we attend ? A: Yes, we will attend.

21/09/21

Review:

-Person (first/second/third)
Person relates to the type of subject. I and we indicate the first person, you (singular
and plural) indicates the second person and he, she, it, they and noun subjects indicate
the third person. Regular verbs have the same form for all persons, but third person
singular present simple ends in -s:
I love Japanese food.
My sister lives with two other students.

-(singular/plural)
Third person singular present simple ends in -s:
We love historical dramas on TV.
He works terribly hard.
-The -es ending

If the verb ends in -ch, -s, -ss, -sh, -x or -z, then -es is added to make the third person
singular present simple.
watch - watches -  She watches the news every night at ten o’clock.

pass - passes -  Luckily, the bus passes by my house.

fix - fixes - My friend, who’s a mechanic, fixes our car for us.
-Question word order is auxiliary/modal verb (aux/mod) + subject (s) + main verb (v) +
x, where x is any other element present (e.g. object/predicative complement):
[AUX] [S]Do you  [V]like  [X]my new hairstyle?
[MOD]Must  [S]you  [V]make  [X]that noise?
Questions can be affirmative or negative:
Are you ready yet? Aren’t you ready yet?
Why did you leave? Why didn’t you leave?
Questions that need either a yes or a no answer are called yes-no questions:
Do you like vanilla ice cream? (answer: yes or no)
Have you ever seen a ghost? (answer: yes or no)

Be: Is she working very hard? Were they travelling together?

Do: Does that taste okay? Did you go to the concert?

Had they visited Rome

Have: Have they eaten yet?
before?

Modal: Could you help me lift

Should I open the window?
this?

Where there is no auxiliary verb be, have or modal verb, we use the auxiliary do, does,
did:

Statement form (no auxiliary) Question form

Do you usually walk to work?

You usually walk to work.
Not: Walk you…?

Did you like disco music in the

You liked disco music in the 70s. 70s?
Not: Liked you…?

We don’t use an auxiliary verb when we use be as a main verb:

Is she your sister?
Not: Does she be your sister?