1

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Education is the major tool for overcoming the problems and challenges of a rapidly

changing global society. In the present era being called “Computer Age”, the use of

computer for educational purposes had increased which led to a modification of learning

process.

In today’s education, the 21st century students are commonly asked to submit

encoded or printed documents as requirements. Word processing applications such as

Microsoft Word is used by the students to encode, compose, edit, and format any kind of

documents as well as provide tools to insert pictures, lay-out format, draw objects,

produce tables or graphic organizers and many other features. It enables students to

format a document in a more creative, presentable, and rapid way. Thus, word processing

is the most extensive and essential computer skill for a student to master and be literate.

Literacy in dictionary is the ability to read, write, speak and listen, and use numeracy

and technology at a level that enables people to express and understand ideas. According

to OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), literacy is more

than just reading, writing, and numeracy, its having adequate skills for today’s demands.

UNESCO ( United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization) defined literacy

as the ability to understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute that involves

continuum of learning and in enabling individual to develop their knowledge and

potential.
 2

According to Sobek (2014), Microsoft Word developed by Microsoft office is

popular software that provides students with basic computer skills and in depth

experience of its features. It is the world’s best and famous word processing program for

studying, personal use, and even office work which can be used to create, view, edit,

save, and print documents.

In addition, Barret (2010) defined Microsoft Word as a processing program that

allows the user to create professional-looking documents with speed and a small effort. It

enable user like the students to create documents for personal business use and comes

loaded with a variety of tools.

In relation, Keppler (2008) added that Microsoft Word allows beginners to become

an advanced user. He added, Microsoft Word is currently the most commonly used word

processing software used in schools, universities, businesses, and homes everywhere.

Microsoft Word serves as a tool for the students to create different kinds of academic

writing in a more creative and easy manner. Academic writing is a type of writing

produced by students to inform and persuade.

Different features and programs of Microsoft word are applicable for the

requirements to a wide variety of jobs. People whom are literate in word processing

acquire more opportunities and are easily hired. Many of the students will benefit this

word processing literacy later in life when they enter the workplace. For this reason, it is

important for a student to become literate or knowledgeable in word processing

especially to the use of Microsoft Word.

Microsoft Word is very beneficial to everyone especially to the students in making

their requirements under academic writing such as research, articles, reports, and letters
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and in preparing themselves for the workplace. In this connection, this research study was

conducted to help the academe determine the literacy level of Grade 11 learners to the

utilization of Microsoft Word.

Through this research, Vargas High School will be able to know the literacy level of

the students to the utilization of Microsoft Word in academic writing thus can provide

action such as guide or instruct the students of its use and the function of its features. In

this way, students can be literate in word processing and improve their academic writing

to meet today’s education demands.

The researchers assessed the literacy level of Grade 11 learners in terms of their

knowledge and skills to the utilization of Microsoft Word. Through the result,

recommendations in improving students’ word processing skills for academic writing

would be provided in order to impede learner’s academic performance and help Vargas

High School.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the Literacy level of Grade 11 learners to

the utilization of Microsoft Word in academic writing. Specifically, it sought to answer

the following questions:

1.How are the literacy level of Grade 11 learners to the utilization of Microsoft Word

be described in terms of their knowledge and skills in operating it?

2.What is the literacy level of Grade 11 learners to the utilization of Microsoft Word

in academic writing, survey report as to :

2.1 Beginner
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2.2 Intermediate

2.3 Advance

3. What is the implication of the study to students’ word processing skill and

academic writing?

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on determining the literacy level of Grade 11 learners to the

utilization of Microsoft Word in Vargas High School, Santa Ignacia, Tarlac, for S.Y.

2019-2020. The students will be assessed in their skills and knowledge in using the

Microsoft Word through a word processing test. This study was conducted to identify the

level of literacy of Grade 11 learners, whether they are classified as beginner,

intermediate or advance in using Microsoft word in creating an academic writing and

The researchers will use the descriptive method of research wherein the respondents

will be described by their literacy level in terms of their skills and knowledge to the

utilization of Microsoft Word. Researchers will conduct an observation as a main tool in

gathering valid result of data.

The researchers selected the student respondents using Slovins formula where 53 of

the respondents were chosen out of 61 students. There were only two sections in the

Grade 11 of this school.

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Significance of the Study

This study will provide essential information about the literacy level of Grade 11

learners to the utilization of Microsoft Word in academic writing. This would also help

the following:

To the students. This study would serve as basis for them to determine their literacy

level to the utilization of Microsoft Word in their academic writing. This might help the

respondents be aware of the things they should learn and develop in terms of word

processing to improve their academic writing.

To the parents. This study would make them identify their children/s literacy level

to the utilization of Microsoft word in their children/s academic writing. Through this,

they were able to cater their children/s needs that would enhance their word processing

skills and knowledge for today’s education demands.

To the teachers. This study would help them determine the students’ literacy level

in using Microsoft Word for academic writing. This would make them be aware of the

learners needs for word processing improvement and provide progress through

developing or innovating their teaching strategies that would cater the intellectual needs

of the students in using Microsoft word for academic writing and other academic

purposes.

To the future researchers. This study might serve as a reference in conducting their
research. It will help them gather additional information to their study.

Definition of Terms

In order to provide a consistent framework for analysing the topic, the following key

terms that will be used throughout the study are defined operationally and conceptually.
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Academic Writing. It is a type of writing produced by students in an academic

setting such as survey research which includes Usually submitted printed thus created in

a word processing program like Microsoft Word and requires high level of word

processing skill to perform the needed operation or function. According to Massey

(2018), academic writing is a formal and structured form of writing where in ideas are

organised, backed-up with evidences and supported by references from academic

literature.

Advance. It is highest literacy level in using Microsoft Word. It refers to someone

with a wide knowledge and skills for word processing. The person is able to use and

create a wide range of graphic effects such as insert footnotes, endnotes, header and

footer, cross-references and WordArt, and is competent in formatting. He/she can mail

merge, drop capital letters and clip art, and use variety of shortcut keys. According to

Concordia University, this level is required in order to produce very large and complex

formal documents that require a footnotes, endnotes, bookmarks and other special

elements usually found in the references, mailings, view and review tabs of MS Word

and any word processor.

Beginner. This is lowest literacy level in using Microsoft Word. This refers to

someone with just a little knowledge and skills for word processing. The person is able to

use basic formatting and understands the documents page-layout. He/she can create a

new document, enter text and change the font size, line spacing, margins, paper size, text

alignment and text color. Concordia University stated that this level is sufficient to

perform daily and basic word processing tasks. In this level the user can operate the

features in the home and page layout tab of MS Word or any word processor.
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Document. This is any piece of layout material that serves as a file or record and

provides information and evidence. According to Collins dictionary, it is a piece of

written, printed, or electronic matter that is detailed and serves as an official record or

evidence. It is a piece of text or graphics that is stored as a file on a computer and that

you can access in order to read it or change it.

Home tab. The most frequently used command in the MS Word ribbon that allows

users to change font type, size and color, set text to be bold or underlined, add or remove

highlighting color around text, justify text on the page to be left, center, or right aligned,

add bullet point or numbered lists and increase or decrease line and paragraph spacing.

According to Kenyon (2019), home tab in MS Word is about the basics of how text looks

when it is printed. It gives access to both direct and style-based formatting. It is the most

important tab because it contains all the commands that are used most often in any type

of document of a beginner, intermediate or advanced user.

Insert tab. Is a word processing feature or command located in the MS Word ribbon

that allows the user to add blank page and place table, shapes, chart, text box, header and

footer, and page number to a document. This is the third tab in the MS Word where in

different features for creating a quality document and improving presentation of

document was found such as clipart and smart art. According to Learning Computer

Company in Dallas SEO, insert tab has a lot of useful features that will let you insert

features you want to add such as pictures, tables, charts, and cliparts that would make the

document more presentable.

Intermediate. This is the literacy level in using MS Word in which someone has

enough knowledge and skills for word processing. The person is able to import and insert
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graphs, shapes, text box, page number, equation and symbol, and is good in formatting.

He/she can embed excel data, use picture tools, table tools and table style. According to

Concordia University, this level is required to work in multiple worksheets, filter data,

integrate functions or equations, and manipulate data bases. The user understands the

concepts of databases or features of the insert tab in MS Word or any word processor and

is able to work with charts and use the list management capabilities of Excel.

Keyboard Shortcut. Is a combination of control key (ctrl) and any letter key pressed

simultaneously to copy and paste, add page, bold, italicize, underline, justify, delete,

save, and print documents easier. Lowensohn (2009) defined it as a series of one or

several keys that invoke a software program to perform programmed action that may be

part of the standard functionality of the operating system or application program. It is

generally used to expedite common operations by reducing input sequences to a few

keystrokes, hence called “shortcut”.

Knowledge. Is the idea, understanding and awareness about something such as in

using the functions and features of MS word which is acquired by a person through

education or experience. According to Oxford dictionary knowledge is the familiarity,

awareness, or understanding of someone or something such as facts, information or skills

which acquired by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Cambridge dictionary stated that

it is the state of knowing about or being familiar with something.

Lay-out. Is the other term for formatting which refers to the style and arrangement of

the content depending on the kind of document being created. According to Webopedia,

layout in word processing refers to the organization of text and graphics. The layout of a

document can determine which points are emphasized, and whether the document is
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aesthetically pleasing. Moreover, Computer Home Company defined the overall

appearance of document, image, text, or another medium designed to be more appealing

to the viewer and help them identify what they are observing.

Literacy. In the study, it pertains to the respondents’ amount or level of knowledge

about the functions or features of MS Word and skills in operating its commands that

would be classified into beginner, intermediate and advanced. According to Cambridge

dictionary, it is the ability to identify, create, and have adequate skills for today’s

demand. It is being knowledgeable and skilful in a given task or being competent in a

specified area.

Microsoft Word. A word processing program developed by Microsoft that which

will be used in the observation and respondents will be tested in terms of their knowledge

about the word processing features and skills in operating its commands or functions.

Oxford dictionary defined MS Word as an advanced word processor which contains

helpful tools and features that allow users to create, view, edit, save, and print document.

It is commonly used by the students and professionals in creating writings and

requirements for today’s demand.

Page Layout. A tab in the MS Word that contains commands that allows users to

customize margins, apply themes, control page orientation and size, add sections and line

breaks, display line numbers, and set paragraph lines. Moreover, Oxford dictionary

defined page layout as the command which holds all the options that allow users to

arrange your document pages setup the way it was designed to be. This tab is used to

make changes to the layout of a page within a document.

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Picture tools. A tab in the MS Word that appears in the ribbon when inserted a

picture. This tab gives the users the ability to quickly edit a picture, format the picture

style by applying effects such as putting page boarders and picture effects. It also allows

the users to wrap text and crop the picture, and to align position and rotate the picture.

According to Merriam Webster dictionary, picture tools helps in modifying or improving

inserted images through the different functions making the best possible look of the

pictures and improve the overall quality of the image on the document.

References tab. The fourth tab in the MS Word ribbon that allow users to format

and edit footnotes, table of contents, index, table of authorities, citations and bibliography

commands. KeyStone Learning Systems stated that references tab is a wealth of

commands designed to properly document your work sources and insert or manage

different reference elements.

Skills. It is the ability to use ones knowledge to do a particular task well and

effectively. Severt (2019) defined skills as the abilities a person develop to perform a task

well. Moreover, it is a learned power of doing something competently and a capacity

acquired through systematic and sustained effort to effectively carryout complex

activities involving ideas, things or people.

Survey Report. A kind of academic writing the Grade 11 General Academic Strand

(GAS) students in Vargas High School will conduct, create and fulfilled as requirement

in their applied subject English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP) wherein

students are expected to provide survey question paper in their chosen participants and

gather data regarding their topic. In Merriam Webster’s dictionary, survey research was

defined as a kind of academic writing that involves the collection of data attained by
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asking individual questions either in person, on paper, by phone or online. It consist of

title page, table of contents, executive summary, background and objectives,

methodology, results, conclusion and recommendation, and appendices.

Table tools. A tab in the MS Word that becomes available in the ribbon when

inserted a table. This tab contains two tabs, the design and the layout that allows the users

to quickly format your table, insert or delete rows and columns and set the alignment for

cells. Microsoft described the design section of the table tools tab as the section where

user can customize the color, design and style of the table which adds life to the

document and make it more presentable. On the other section, the layout includes the

table properties, cell margins and cell size.

Utilization. The action of making practical and effective use of something like using

Microsoft Word effectively in creating academic writing, specifically survey research.

According to Vocabulary.com dictionary, utilization is a fancy way of saying “use”. It is

the act of using something whether it is a tool, a skill or a talent.

Word Processing. It is the production, organization and manipulation of text and

figures or the creation of a document on a computer or word processor. The ability of not

just typing the text but using variety of features in a word processor to better present the

encoded information or document. According to Computer Hope Company (2018), word

processing describes the process of creating or editing a document using word processor

like MS Word. In addition, Collins (2010), defined it as a work or skill of producing

printed documents using a computer or the composition of documents using a computer

system to input, edit, store, and print them.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Related Literature

The researcher gathered different writer resources related to the study to provide

information of the present study. This chapter presents both foreign and local literature of

studies that are connected to the study.

According to Aquino (2008), the importance of computer application is increasing

day by day. For this reason, Microsoft Word is committed to invest in students around the

world to ensure they have access to the tools and programs.

In addition, Gary Shelly (2008) defined Microsoft Word as a full-featured word

processing program that allows you to create professional looking documents and revise

them easily. This software allows users to create anything from fliers, resumes, cover

sheets, research paper and others. These documents can be as simple of complex as

needed and also very creative and or professional, as needed.

Sylvester and Greenridge (2009), stated that technology has potential to affect our

student’s motivation within literacy domains and provide an understanding for traditional

reading and writing practices.

Moreover, Sobek (2012) cited that the main purpose of Microsoft Word is to

create text documents that can be saved electronically, printed on paper or saved as PDF

files.

Siddiqui (2015), explained Microsoft Word as a graphical word processing

program that users can type with. It is made by the computer company Microsoft. The
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purpose of MS Word is to allow the users to type and save documents. Similar to other

word processors. It has helpful tools to make documents. Microsoft Word, often called as

word , carries with it a lot of benefits. He also added that it’s the most popular word

processing program in the world. One of the most obvious benefits is its availability. This

allows the users to make different formats in accordance with the need and importance.

Soffar (2015), mentioned that Microsoft Word is the most popular word processor

both in the past and in the present, remains to be the top choice among the different word

processors for you can create the documents and complete a numbers and other functions

related to word processing.

According to Kumar (2017), Microsoft Word is an important education

application because it processes raw facts in two meaningful information and benefits

teachers and students to create new innovative methods of learning and teaching.

Ilagan (2016) acknowledged Microsoft Word for creating solutions that help inspire

teachers and students and enable to realize their full potential. Through Microsoft Word,

empowered students will have an enriched mind to be prepared and be able to cope up for

today’s challenges. The Microsoft office programs also provide solutions that brought

improvements.

Moreover, Galang (2016) stated that Microsoft Word contributes knowledge such as

cloud computing and services, webs app management and internet.

The different authors above defined Microsoft Word as a full-featured word

processing program which plays a vital role in innovating students’ learning because it

can be used to create, save, and print encoded or lay-outed documents in an easier yet

creative way. Microsoft word suites the need of the students in today’s education. It helps
 14

students transmit educational materials and practice systematically in school faster with

higher quality of learning. It allows the users to make different formats in accordance

with the need and importance.

Also it was stated that Microsoft Word is an important education application because

it processes raw facts into meaningful information which benefits both teachers and

students in creating new innovative methods of education. Microsoft Word enrich

students’ mind. It gives new knowledge and skills which brought improvement to their

life

Related Study

Foreign

Wilson et al.(2009) in his study about “The effects of style writer in students’ writing

skills” showed that style writer had an edge over Microsoft Word with regard to

improving writing skills. There were higher scores by the experimental group using style

writer than the respondents continued practicing their writing skills enthusiastically on

their own. In other words, student had begun to be more responsible for their own

learning through the use of Microsoft Word.

A study “The Impact of Computer-assisted Grammar Teaching in the Jordanian EFL

Teaching Context“ by Abu Nabah (2012) revealed that student using the computer

assisted grammar teaching program had an edge over those who were taught using

traditional instructional strategies. Many computer programs are designed to facilitate the

teaching and learning of a language by integrating sounds, images besides offering more

information and variety of exercises reinforce learning.

 15

In the study, “The Computer Studies: Microsoft Studies/ Microsoft Office Specialist

Certificate” of Redmond (2013), inferred that Microsoft Word provides students with

basic computer skills and in depth experience with the Microsoft Office suite programs.

The mastery of materials presented prepares students to be an efficient office employee

adeptly using the various programs for literacy of Microsoft Office in terms of skills and

knowledge are applicable to a wide variety of jobs.

Harris (2013), in his study on “The Effect of Technology in the Economy” found out

that Microsoft Word skills were sought as a productivity tool. As technology and

innovation exists, the global economy is changing and business needs are also evolving

as well as the education demands or curricula.

The conducted foreign studies cited above showed that Microsoft word help students

be more responsible for their own learning and had an edge with regard to improving

writing skills. It provides students with basic computer skills and in depth experience of

its features. These also showed that Microsoft Word prepares students to be an efficient

office employee adeptly using the various programs. It is a productivity tool for today’s

demands.

Local

The study about “The features and uses of Microsoft Word” conducted by Salazar

(2011), found out that Microsoft word can be incredibly helpful in writing or doing thesis

or dissertation, but only if it is used effectively with an understanding of its abilities and

limitations. Functions such as automatic formatting, spell check and grammar check can

be beneficial if the user does understand exactly what the program is doing and keep a
 16

close check on anything added or altered by Word. He added, Word is a software

program rather than a thinking user and the ways in which it formats a text and corrects

spelling and grammar may not always be right, thorough or what the user intended.

The local study revealed Microsoft Word as a helpful and effective application for

the users with an understanding of its abilities, limitations, and features. In addition,

Microsoft Word doesn’t always provide necessary correction or what the user intended.

Conceptual Framework

Microsoft word is the industry standard word processing program used on most

computers. Using word, everyone can easily create documents and complete a number of

other functions related to word processing.

The researchers assessed the literacy level of the respondents in terms of their

knowledge and skills in using Microsoft word in academic writing, using survey report

which includes the content of a basic format typing.. Respondents will be classified if

they belong to beginner, intermediate, or advanced literacy level in using Microsoft

Word. The researchers will also provide suggestions on how to improve the respondents’

knowledge about the functions and skills in operating MS Word of the Grade 11 students.

The literacy level of The literacy level of The implication of

Grade 11 learners to the
Grade 11 learners to the the study to students’
utilization of Microsoft
utilization of Microsoft Word in academic word processing skill
writing, survey report as
Word be described in and academic writing.
to :
terms of their knowledge  Beginner
and skills in operating it.  Intermediate
 Advance
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Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

 18

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research locale, research design, respondents of the

study, methods of gathering data, sampling, instrumentation and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

This study used a descriptive research design to determine the literacy level of the

Grade 11 students of Vargas High School, Santa Ignacia, Tarlac to the utilization of

Microsoft word in academic writing. Results were obtained through an observation

wherein word processing test was conducted which assessed the literacy of the

students/respondents in terms of their knowledge and skill in word processing especially

in using Microsoft Word.

Researchers used one of the three ways that can be used in gathering data under

descriptive research design which is observation through word processing test.

Observation is a method of viewing and recording the performance of the participants in

a particular task.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at Vargas High School, Santa Ignacia, Tarlac located

about 2.5 kilometer far from the Romulo Highway crossing Vargas. The execution of

word processing test and answering of observation checklist was conducted in the

Computer laboratory of the school with the approval of the ICT coordinator to conduct

the data collection procedure in the premise.

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The Research Instrument

Observation was used to gather the data needed in the study. The observation-

checklist and word processing test guide was validated by the research adviser for clarity,

precision, and comprehension. Grade 11 students of S.Y. 2018-2019 undergone a word

processing test which has a relation to their knowledge to the utilization of Microsoft

word in academic writing.

In the observation-checklist of the researchers, statements consist of the word

processing functions found in Microsoft word required in creating a survey report.

Researchers put a check mark (√ ) on the column that corresponds to the respondents

performance in the word processing test about the utilization (effective use) of Microsoft

word in academic writing which identified the respondents Microsoft word literacy in

terms of their knowledge in its functions and skills in operating it, whether they belong

to beginner, intermediate or advance level.

The researchers used Guttman scale, a two point rating system used in

questionnaires that is arranged in increasing order of intensity of the concept of interest,

form least intense to most intense. The researchers used two raters in the observation-

checklist which is yes or no determine the respondents performance in the word

processing test about the utilization of Microsoft word in survey report.

The researchers conducted a word processing test to assess the literacy of the

students/respondents in terms of their knowledge and skill in using Microsoft word and to

acquire more valid result. Respondents typed and lay-outed some parts of a survey

report. The researchers provided guidelines consist of different Microsoft word features

in home, insert, and page layout tab that more followed by the respondents. Respondents
 20

were asked to copy the text inside the box and follow the steps given by the researchers.

The word processing skill helped the researchers acquired validity in identifying the

respondents’ literacy level, if they belong to beginner, intermediate or advanced.

Samples and Design

1.Sample Design

The sample size will be calculated based on Slovins formula with a marginal error of

5% (0.05). The calculation from a population of (61) sixty one (previous population

approximation) came up with (53) fifty three students among Grade 11 students. The

Slovins formula is given below.

N
n= 2
1+ N e

Where in:

n= the sample size

N= the size of population

e= the marginal error of 5 percent points (0.05)

2.Sampling Method

Simple random sampling was used to complete the respondents. Students were asked

to write their names on pieces of paper which was rolled and placed in a container then
 21

was mixed drawn one at a time. (53) fifty three students of (61) sixty one total number of

the Grade 11 students were studied.

Respondents of the Study

The subject of the study was the 53 students randomly selected out of 61 Grade

11 students at Vargas High School, S.Y. 2019-2020. The researchers selected the Grade

11 General Academic Strand (GAS) students of Vargas High School enrolled for the S.Y

2019-2020.

Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents According to the Respondents

Grade and Section Population Sample Size

11 - A 31 27

11 - B 30 26

Total 61 53

Table 1 shows the total number of respondents in the study. The word processing test

was administered to (53) fifty three out of (61) sixty one total number of Grade 11

students having (27) twenty seven representatives from the section A and (26) twenty six

from the section B.

The researchers chose the Grade 11 Senior High School as respondents for the study

since they are exposed in different kinds of academic writing such as basic survey

research which requires the execution of word processing skills and the use of the
 22

commands found in MS Word. In addition, the researchers are presently taking the

English for Academic and Professional Purposes.

Data Gathering Procedure

The needed data in the study were gathered through an observation. Permission

through a letter was drafted by the researchers and preceded by a covering letter,

introducing the researcher, explaining the purpose of the research and soliciting

assistance in providing the required information through the help and note of the research

adviser and submitted to the principal of Vargas High School for approval.

Upon approval of the request to conduct the study, word processing test was

administered. Respondents were guided in the computer laboratory of the school where

they performed the word processing test with the researchers having an observation-

checklist. Assurance of confidentiality of responses was also given to all the respondents.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Percentage frequency distribution was used for information uptake. It is a display of

data that specifies the percentage of the responses that exist for each data point or

grouping of data points. It helped the researchers to express the relative frequency of

responses on the word processing test.

In getting the percentage frequency distribution, the given frequency is divided by

the total number of frequency or numbers of population and the quotient is then

multiplied by one hundred (100). The formula of the given frequency distribution is given

below.

f
P= x 100
r
 23

Where in:

P= percentage

R= number of respondents

F= frequency

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 24

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