Computerivetworkinglovrse

④
-

④
Howdiditstart.mn#--stonfo@ xp

n=-ut①
1¥50
 Ft
respousellienl-TCP.UDP.tl??Ff
Packets ,
 →
c
google.com# - (¥ .
✗ . ✗ .
)
X

O-2

|SumliJwnjg.m
?⃝
me:④
¥¥⑧→÷
 "
Total =
2 if 65,000

(
0-1023

MongoDB =
270017 reserved ports -

SQL =

1833 1024 -

49152

applications
remain →
you can use .
⑥

→Q-_⑧
 I
mbps =
I ooo ooo bits
/ s

1 to bits
/ s
gbps
=

lkbps
=

tooo bits
/ s

-
Cables
Physically optical fibre cables, Coaxial

wirI Bluetooth , wifi 34,44 CTE ,

SG
,
µ
LAN : small house / off 've
Ethernet s
wifi
,

: Acn, , a
city

WAN : Acnn countries

optical fibre cables .

① So NET

② frame relay
 Topologies
① Bus
✓

÷÷
② Ring

¥
£
-
③ star

☐
-•q¥-☐
I
④ Tree C Bus -

star

*¥%
6870
⑤ Mesh

§
* * "
°
"

¥
• semis
issues
strvctvreofthenetworkdpplieoytfoidefr.mn#
&

•
Image Ama€

¥-0B
&

pebiu①
④ company
&
Transported
-
 OSlM ✗ make
notes
your
from
own

video .

µr
Application .

192.168.9-1
a
presentation
•
Session

1
92 1677 '
'

Transport
, i

shutter

a
Network A 192.168 1.1
Parbat
µ
.

Datalink
a
☐
B
physical
192.168.2 -

I
i.
hears
Transport
÷:÷:÷÷¥:
I

Transport
Network

physical
①
Applicationlaycr-n.at
Users interact

* whasapp ,
Browsers et .

* Where :
Derives .

• protocols

8 Client -
server Architecture
①
u÷÷-
② P2P

☒I
Protowlsi
Web protocols :

TCP / pp :

•
h
* Dhcp
\

• Ftp
• SMTP
•
Pops & IMAC
• ssh
• VNC

• Telnet : Port 27333

pvppistatelenwmeitifprogr.am :
WhatsApp

to Record video
Proceeds .
Send a
message
a

& &
Set the open corn

Thread : up
page

sodo④
PtE
H
④¥ÉSh
regret
"

oppiiot
arr
a
HTTP TCP →
user
Transport
↳ stateless layer
 HTTPmeth.de#statvslodes:-
① GET 1 ✗ ✗ →
lnpmnatiowedl
→
""
②
✗

POST
3✗✗ →
redirecting
PUT
4✗× →
Client error

④ DELETE sxx →
Seres error
?⃝
?⃝
 Cookies :
Unique string .

Stored in
browser
my .

DThirdpmtywokf
¥wwks ?

SMTP Pops
,
 ☒
/ Sender 's

SMTP Server Receiver 's

smep some

sen① I
.Reuei①
H
⑤ __÷÷
Olthoff
DNS-_
: Domain Name
System

Second -
level domain

d-mail.jo#-WM- top level

Sub -

domain domain

-
 t→
←
t
a
.mn

d
d
student .io wmmlehmn.org google.com
• →
☐É
@ A) ☒
cite in

/
' SP

|
own
way
6ipad

:
 ② -rmsp
.

-☒
friend
you
-

I →☒÷
-

you
& ahhh
network / unto Fried

Transport Transport
- •
?⃝
 :÷:FI"÷
④
→
layer

.LT#YFesesobet
b
→

→
①

Data travels Tramp

→
paik#
will nos
.

in
port
?⃝
* Transport layer also takes care
of
confetti on control .

⑧ long .
Control
algorithms built in TCP .

0÷÷☐¥=
dat⑤
Timers :

=
.

⑦ -
Friend
e-
start timer
.

=
and
timor
timer stint

×pi¥
.
 Yoo friend
start

•
→
stint

d
expire
¥pup1@
So1vethispnbknvsi①
sequence nos .
VDP-vserdatagramprotocolfpatamayormey.int
be deliverer .

• Data may change

* Data many not be in order

Conectioñl①
UDP user checksums .
 LEI
:

Total size Some Port

"
No .

datagram 8hAM
"

Port No .

E- 8-

by①
=
65,536
* Its very f
video
•
any apps

• DNS → UDP
?⃝
 _CP-TransmissionControlPnto-
•
transport layer Protocol

* Application layer sends lot

of raw data .

TCP segments thil data → diii.de in ehn.la ,

add murders It also collect the

.

may

lazer-schukvideo@OCongestionCnoontrolo.ta
delta network

key care
of :

- when data does not arrive

 maintains the order
of data
-

Features :

• Connection oriented

• f- Wor control

* Congestion Control

Fuel
*
Duplex

④¥0
3-wayhomdshakelh.int Server
sv④
¥-32B
É:( 8D say
'

no maths or no .

ex :
SG

ACK g

¥.im??si-
 Nctworklayer__
µmsprrt
segment
→

Network → Packets

hop-by-hop②
 192 . 168 .
2 . 30

# Ks derive
network address address

subnet its host AD

Controlplanei
Routers →
Nodes

links →
Edges
① static Routing
&
Manually
,②DynamiiRoutiy-
Inttcrnctprotrou.ec/P):1Pv4
→ -32 bit
,
4- words

128 bits
IPv6 → -

S . 6 .
9 .
14

& & & ↳

00000€
clanglpaddresiesi.UA
0.0 .
0 . o -
127 .
255 .

255.251

B 128 '
0.0^0 -

191 255 25s 25s

C 192 .
0 o o
223
. -
-

2B¢ zss 251

D 224 .
0.0.0 -

239 .
zss , 2.55 .
251

E 240 . 0 .
o .
o
- 255 .
2255 .
255.255
 zss Us

'£•£-
.

12.0 .

0.0/31
start end

0/24 192 .
0.1 .
0 192.0 -1.25s

R③u
127 .
/8
 E ↳ ulhrst : 127 . 0.0.1

loop hack addresses

p-
of bytes Header is no .

IPV, length ,
ldnleyicatiors ,
flags , pntwls

-
,

chateau address etc

, , .

h #
?⃝
 Datalinklayer
DHCP P add

Rou⑤
' → is p
subnet

IP
olds
1
Ip 2 IP 3
narrowing
|?%!
-

↳ MT§
Pool of
I P ddd

÷
 derives
Mary
data link
layer
:
connected in LAN add
↳
=
MAtaddmf
☒

←±
§
a

/
framed
'

cache

Ar•o@ DLLA
of sender

I
Address resolution JIPaddydests.ua#
*
framing

*f-rrorDete?
\Pµpr¢ :
2
"

=4.3bi1
=z.¢✗1
" " " " "

Ipv6 :
2 =
z

Not Backward Compatible

Coni
:@

ISPs would to shift, lot

to here
of
hardware work .
?⃝
 a : a : a :a : a : a : a : a

a
Hexadecimal
16h
AB F E Fool 3 9 1 82
E
: : 2 10 : ? :
o : o i
:3

G-
A prefix
127 .

0 .
o .

o/⑧
the
we can do same
representation
?⃝
 ABFE : Fool : 0 : 9182 :
:/ 600
0000 →
0

9
'

7 ! : oooo :S = I :O 0 :O !
:
.

Oooo oooo
.

=
1 : :
9

a-
's
full of o
middle boxes :

① Firewall → Global Internet

→ Your trusted network

filter out IP Packets based on various rules .

→
Addreni
→
Modify packets
→
Port nos

→
flags
→ Protocols
 stateless vs
stateful firewalls
↳ more
efficient
Have this in network fond alto
.

sytern .

⑨
m-twj-u-n-ddm-rm.ae#