Dongfeng (Missile)

Dongfeng (missile) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Dongfeng_(missile)#Dongfeng_1_(SS-2)
Dongfeng (missile)
The Dongfeng (simplified Chinese: 东风 ;
traditional Chinese: 東風 ; lit. 'East Wind')
series, typically abbreviated as "DF missiles",
are a family of short, medium, intermediate-
range and intercontinental ballistic missiles
operated by the Chinese People's Liberation
Army Rocket Force (formerly the Second
Artillery Corps).
Contents
Medium and Intercontinental Range Ballistic Missiles
History
(2007). Note: China currently is capable of targeting its
Dongfeng missiles nuclear forces throughout the region and most of the
Dongfeng 1 (SS-2) world, including the continental United States. Newer
Dongfeng 2 (CSS-1) systems, such as the DF-31, DF-31A, and JL-2, will give
China a more survivable nuclear force.
Dongfeng 3 (CSS-2)
Dongfeng 4 (CSS-3)
Dongfeng 5 (CSS-4)
Dongfeng 11 (CSS-7)
Dongfeng 12 (CSS-X-15)
Dongfeng 15 (CSS-6)
Dongfeng 16 (CSS-11)
Dongfeng 17
Dongfeng 21 (CSS-5)
Dongfeng 25
Dongfeng 26
References
Citations
Sources
External links
History
After the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in 1950, the
Soviet Union assisted China's military R&D with training, technical documentation, manufacturing
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Dongfeng (missile) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongfeng_(missile)#Dongfeng_1_(SS-2)
equipment and licensed production of Soviet weapons. In the area of ballistic missiles, the Soviets
transferred R-1 (SS-1), R-2 (SS-2) and R-11F technology to China.[1] The first Chinese ballistic missiles
were based on Soviet designs. Since then, China has made many advances in its ballistic missile and
rocket technology. For instance, the space launch Long March rockets have their roots in the
Dongfeng missiles.
Dongfeng missiles
Dongfeng 1 (SS-2)
The first of the Dongfeng missiles, the DF-1 (SS-2, initially codenamed '1059',
while the 'DF-1' designation was initially assigned to the project which later
became DF-3[1]), was a licensed copy of the Soviet R-2 (SS-2 Sibling) short-range
ballistic missile (SRBM).[2] The DF-1 had a single RD-101 rocket engine, and used
alcohol for fuel with liquid oxygen (LOX) as an oxidizer. The missile had maximum
range of 550 km and a 500 kg payload. Limited numbers of DF-1 were produced in Dongfeng 1
the 1960s, and have since been retired.[1]
Dongfeng 2 (CSS-1)
The DF-2 (CSS-1) is China's first medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM), with a
1,250 km range and a 15-20 kt nuclear warhead. It received the western
designation of CSS-1 (stands for "China Surface-to-Surface").[3] It was long noted
by the western observers that the DF-2 could be a copy of the Soviet R-5 Pobeda
(SS-3 Shyster), as they have identical look, range, engine and payload. Now it is
known that the whole documentation for R-5 had been delivered from Soviet
Union to China in the late 1950s.[4] But some western authors still attribute the
entire design to Chinese specialists Xie Guangxuan, Liang Sili, Liu Chuanru, Liu
A Dongfeng 2
Yuan, Lin Shuang, and Ren Xinmin. The first DF-2 failed in its launch test in 1962,
at the Beijing
leading to the improved DF-2A. The DF-2A was used to carry out China's test of a
military
live warhead on a rocket in 1966 (detonated in the atmosphere above Lop Nor),
museum
and was in operational service since late 1960s. All DF-2 were retired from active
duty in the 1980s.[5]
Dongfeng 3 (CSS-2)
The DF-3 (CSS-2) is often considered China's first "domestic" intermediate-range ballistic missile
(IRBM). The common ICBM design was greatly influenced by the Soviet R-14 Chusovaya missile and
the first stage engine itself was a direct copy of the С.2.1100/С.2.1150 La-350 booster engine
developed by Aleksei Isaev at OKB-2 (NII-88). Design leadership has been attributed to both Tu
Shou'e and Sun Jiadong. The missile was produced at Factory 211 (Capital Astronautics Co., [首都航天
机械公司], also known as Capital Machine Shop, [首都机械厂]). The 2,500 km DF-3 was originally
designed with a 2,000 kg payload to carry an atomic (later thermonuclear) warhead. A further
improved DF-3A with 3,000 km range (~4,000 km with reduced payload) was developed in 1981, and
exported to Saudi Arabia with a conventional high-explosive warhead.[6] The DF-3's range of
2,810 km means it is just short of being able to target Guam, although the 2012 DOD report on
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China's military power states that they have a range of 3,300 km, which would be enough to target
Guam.[7] The 2013 Pentagon report on China's military power confirms the DF-3's 3,300 km range,
and its maps show Guam being within the DF-3's range.[8] All DF-3/DF-3A's were retired by the
mid-2010s and replaced by the DF-21.[9]
Dongfeng 4 (CSS-3)
The DF-4 (CSS-3) "Chingyu" is China's first two-stage ballistic missile, with 5,550-7,000 km range
and 2,200 kg payload (3 Mt nuclear warhead). It was developed in late 1960s to provide strike
capability against Moscow and Guam. The DF-4 missile also served as basis for China's first space
launch vehicle, Chang Zheng 1 (Long March 1). Approx. 20 DF-4's remain in service, and are
scheduled to be replaced by DF-31 by 2010–2015.[10][11]
Dongfeng 5 (CSS-4)
The DF-5 (CSS-4) is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM),

designed to carry a 3 megaton (Mt) nuclear warhead to distance up
to 12,000 km. The DF-5 is a silo-based, two-stage missile, and its
rocket served as the basis for the space-launch vehicle Fengbao-
Tempest (FB-1) used to launch satellites. The missile was developed
in the 1960s, but did not enter service until 1981. An improved
variant, the DF-5A, was produced in the mid 1990s with improved
range (>13,000 km). Currently, an estimated 24-36 DF-5A's are in DF-5B intercontinental ballistic
service as China's primary ICBM force. If the DF-5A is launched missiles
from the eastern part of the Qinghai province, it can reach cities like
Los Angeles, Sacramento and San Francisco. If it is launched from
the most eastern parts of Manchuria, it can cover all of the mainland of the United States.
Dongfeng 11 (CSS-7)
The DF-11 (CSS-7, also M-11 for export), is a road-mobile SRBM

designed by Wang Zhenhua at the Sanjiang Missile Corporation
(also known as the 066 Base) in the late 1970s. Unlike previous
Chinese ballistic missiles, the DF-11 use solid fuel, which greatly
reduces launch preparation time to around 15–30 minutes, while
liquid-fuelled missiles such as the DF-5 require up to 2 hours of pre-
launch preparation. The DF-11 has a range of 300 km and an 800 kg
payload. An improved DF-11A version has increased range of A DF-11 TEL.
>825 km.[12] The range of the M-11 does not violate the limits set by
the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Estimates on the
number of DF-11s in service vary between 500 and 600.[13][14]
The DF-12 (CSS-X-15) is an SRBM formerly known as the M20. The change in designation signalled
a shift in fielding to the Second Artillery Corps, making it possible the missile could be armed with a
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tactical nuclear warhead. Images of it bear a resemblance to the Russian 9K720 Iskander missile
which, although not purchased by China from Russia, could have been acquired from former Soviet
states. Like the Iskander, the DF-12 reportedly has built-in countermeasures including terminal
maneuverability to survive against missile defense systems. Range is officially between 100–280 km
(62–174 mi),[15] but given MTCR restrictions, actual maximum range may be up to 400–420 km
(250–260 mi). With guidance provided by inertial navigation and Beidou, accuracy is 30 meters CEP;
since the missile is controlled throughout the entire flight path, it can be re-targeted mid-flight. The
DF-12 is 7.815 m (25.64 ft) long, 0.75 m (2.5 ft) in diameter, has a take-off weight of 4,010 kg
(8,840 lb), and an 880 lb (400 kg) warhead that can deliver cluster, high explosive fragmentation,
penetration, or high-explosive incendiary payloads. They are fired from an 8×8 transporter erector
launcher (TEL) that holds two missiles.[16][17][18][19]
An anti-ship ballistic missile export variant of the M20, called A/MGG-20B (M20B), was unveiled at
the 2018 Zhuhai Airshow.[20]
Dongfeng 15 (CSS-6)
The DF-15 (CSS-6, also M-9 for export) was developed by the
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC,
previously known as the 5th Aerospace Academy)'s Academy of
Rocket Motor Technology (ARMT, also known as the 4th Academy).
The missile is a single-stage, solid-fuel SRBM with a 600 km range
and a 500 kg payload. During the 1995-1996 Taiwan strait crisis, the
PLA launched six DF-15's near the island of Taiwan in an "exercise"
to demonstrate the missile's capability. Although the DF-15 is
marketed for export, its range would violate the Missile Technology DF-15
Control Regime (MTCR) agreement, and thus no DF-15 has been
exported to date. Approximately 300-350 DF-15's are in service with
the PLA Second Artillery Corps today.[21][22]
The DF-16 (CSS-11)[23] is a new-model missile that has a longer

range than the DF-15 (between 800–1,000 km (500–620 mi)). A
Taiwan official announced on 16 March 2011 that Taiwan believed
China had begun deploying the missiles.[24] The DF-16 represents
an increased threat to Taiwan because it is more difficult to intercept
for anti-ballistic missiles systems such as the MIM-104 Patriot
PAC-3. Due to its increased range, the missile has to climb to higher
altitudes before descending, giving more time for gravity to DF-16 as seen after the 2015
accelerate it on re-entry, faster than a PAC-3 could effectively engage Beijing military parade.
it.[25] The DF-16 is an MRBM longer and wider than previous
models with a 1,000–1,500 kg (2,200–3,300 lb) warhead and 5-10
meter accuracy. Its bi-conic warhead structure leaves room for potential growth to include specialized
terminally guided and deep penetrating warheads. It is launched from a 10×10 wheeled TEL similar to
that of the DF-21, but instead of a "cold launch" missile storage tube it uses a new protective "shell" to
cover the missile.[26][27] Nuclear capable.[28]
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The missile was shown to the public during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade in Beijing celebrating
70-year anniversary of the end of World War II.[29][30][31][32]
Dongfeng 17
The DF-17 is a type of ballistic missile specifically designed to carry a hypersonic glide vehicle, such
as DF-ZF.[33][34][35] its estimated range is 1,800-2,000 km, and reached initial operational capability
in 2019.[36] It will be capable of delivering both nuclear and conventional payloads, as well as a
maneuverable reentry vehicle instead of an HGV.[37] The first test of the DF-17 ballistic missile took
place on 1 November 2017.[38]
Dongfeng 21 (CSS-5)
The DF-21 (CSS-5) is a two-stage, solid-fuel MRBM developed by

the 2nd Aerospace Academy (now China Changfeng Mechanics and
Electronics Technology Academy) in late 1970s. It was the first solid-
fuelled ballistic missile deployed by the Second Artillery Corp. The
missile carries a single 500 kt nuclear warhead, with up to 2,500 km
(1,600 mi) range. The DF-21 also served as the basis for the
submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) JL-1 (CSS-N-3),[39]
used on the Xia-class SSBN. In 1996, an improved variant, the
The DF-21D missile as seen
DF-21A, was introduced. As of 2010, 60-80 DF-21/DF-21A were
after the military parade on 3
estimated to be in service; this number may have increased since
September 2015.
then.[40][41] Sources say Saudi Arabia bought a DF-21 in 2007.
The latest variant, the DF-21D, has a maximum range exceeding

1,450 kilometres (900 mi; 780 nmi) according to the U.S. National Air and Space Intelligence Center.
It is hailed as the world's first anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM) system, capable of targeting a moving
carrier strike group from long-range, land-based mobile launchers. The DF-21D is thought to employ
maneuverable reentry vehicles (MaRVs) with a terminal guidance system. It may have been tested in
2005–2006, and the launch of the Jianbing-5/YaoGan-1 and Jianbing-6/YaoGan-2 satellites offering
targeting information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and visual imaging respectively.
Dongfeng 25
The DF-25 was a mobile-launch, two-stage, solid-fuel IRBM with a range of 3,200 kilometres
(2,000 mi). Development was allegedly cancelled in 1996.[42] The U.S. Department of Defense in its
2013 report to Congress on China's military developments made no mention of the DF-25 as a missile
in service.[43]
Dongfeng 26
The DF-26C is an IRBM with a range of at least 5,000 km (3,100 mi), far enough to reach U.S. naval
bases in Guam. Few details are known, but it is believed to be solid-fuelled and road-mobile, allowing
it to be stored in underground bunkers and fired at short notice, hence difficult to counter. It is
possible that the DF-26C is a follow-up version of the DF-21. Possible warheads include conventional,
5 of 9 3/26/2021, 2:56 PM
nuclear or even maneuverable anti-ship and hypersonic glide

warheads.[44][45]
The DF-31 (CSS-10) is China's newest road-mobile, solid-fuel

ICBM developed by the 4th Aerospace Academy (now ARMT). The
DF-31 has range of 8,000+ km, and can carry a single 1,000 kt
warhead, or up to three 20-150 kt MIRV warheads. An improved DF-26 as seen after the 2015
Beijing military parade.
version, the DF-31A, has range of 11,000+ km. The DF-31 was
developed to replace many of China's older ballistic missiles, and
served as basis to the new JL-2 (CSS-NX-4/CSS-NX-5) SLBM. In
2009, approx. 30 DF-31/DF-31A are estimated to be in service; it is
possible this number may have increased since then.[46][47] 12 were
displayed at the 2009 military parade in Beijing commemorating the
60th anniversary of the PRC's founding.
The latest variant DF-31AG was displayed at the 2019 parade taking
place in Beijing celebrating the 70th anniversary of PRC.[36]
DF-31 in Military Museum of the
Chinese People's Revolution.
The DF-41 (CSS-X-10), capable of being armed with ten or twelveMIRV warheads, is China's newest
addition to its nuclear arsenal. With an estimated range between 12,000 - 15,000 km, it is believed to
surpass the range of the US's LGM-30 Minuteman ICBM to become the world's longest range missile.
[48][49]
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Ballistic Missiles of China (http://missilethreat.csis.org/china/)
Global Security (http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/index.html)
Sino Defense Today (https://web.archive.org/web/20060614190656/http://sinodefence.com/strate
gic/missile/default.asp)
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Dongfeng (Missile)

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Dongfeng (missile) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

The DF-5 (CSS-4) is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM),

The DF-11 (CSS-7, also M-11 for export), is a road-mobile SRBM

The DF-16 (CSS-11)[23] is a new-model missile that has a longer

The DF-21 (CSS-5) is a two-stage, solid-fuel MRBM developed by

The latest variant, the DF-21D, has a maximum range exceeding

nuclear or even maneuverable anti-ship and hypersonic glide

The DF-31 (CSS-10) is China's newest road-mobile, solid-fuel

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongfeng_(missile)&oldid=1008976161"

This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 01:53 (UTC).

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