Introduction To Chemistry For Engineers: Camarines Norte State College

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
EN CHEM 1 – CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS Period: First Sem. AY .2022-2023

Subject Instructor: Engr. FLORADELLE A. VEGA Course and Year: BSCE 1
Module No. & Title: 1. Introduction to Chemistry for Engineers Time Allotment: Week 2 (3hrs)
=================================================================================
1. Introduction to Chemistry for Engineers
Outline of Topics
1. Overview
2. Branches of Chemistry
3. Scientific Method
4. Development of Chemistry
5. Matter and Classification
6. Measurement and Instruments
7. Properties of Substance
Specific Intended Learning Outcome/s (SILOs)

At the end of this topic, the student should be able to:
● Describe the relation of chemistry and engineering;
● Classify the scientific method;
● Identify matter and its classification;
● Recognize units and instruments of measurements; and
● Determine the properties of substance under different scenario.
=================================================================================
Lesson 1: Chemistry for Engineer: An Overview
From waking up, eating your breakfast, riding a vehicle and studying your lesson in school, chemistry is on
work. As you look around, everywhere, there is chemistry.
As you begin your journey in engineering, it may cross in your mind, “Why should I study chemistry? I won’t
use it practically anyway when I became an engineer.” Maybe for some, it’s just a subject that part of your
degree needed to pass just to graduate. But in reality, chemistry and engineering has strong link that can
be seen in various fields and application of engineering. Most obvious example is chemical engineering
which involves design and optimization of processes in the chemical industry dealing with chemistry
concept in daily basis.
For a civil engineer, it is important to know the properties of the material use in a construction. Also, it is
necessary to consider the chemical reaction of the material when expose to the environment because the
chemical reaction will greatly affect the strength and integrity of an infrastructure.
In the advancement in the field of electrical engineering, most of the industry relies on solid-state devices.
As an engineer, you must understand the behavior of chips of semiconductor crystal at atomic level.
The fundamental principles in chemistry explain the thermochemistry, energy conversion which essential in
power generation. Mechanical Engineer must knowledgeable in the chemistry of combustion and fuel use.
As technology advance, you must aware of the fundamental principles govern science, especially
chemistry. You have to keep updated of the emerging industry of nanotechnology that already in the
market, with this technology, engineers design and manufacture in microscopic scale. You will also
familiarize with the new technology on energy generation as the world facing the depletion of fossil fuel and
other natural resource. You will also be aware of the pollution the world facing, and as a future engineer,
you expertise will be needed by the world to answer these crisis.
EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 1 of 14

Chemistry is defined as the study of matter and the changes material substances undergo. It has been
called the “central science” because it is important to so many other fields of scientific study. Chemistry can
be either pure or applied. Pure chemistry goals is to gather knowledge for the sake of knowledge, it does
not necessarily have an application. For example, studying or forming vaccine for COVID-19 in a lab in
small scale. It is pure because goal is to study the vaccine being formulate. While applied chemistry is
using chemistry to attain certain goals and it has a practical application in society. For example, producing
vaccine for the COVID-19, it is applied because the goal now is to apply the newly formulated vaccine to a
certain community.
There is two level of understanding or perspective in chemistry: macroscopic and microscopic. In

macroscopic perspective, we observe chemical reactions in the laboratory or in the world around us.
Microscopic is observing chemical reaction in atomic level.
Lesson 2: Branches of Chemistry

There are five major branches of chemistry. Under that several sub-branches than encompasses the field
of chemistry
1. Organic Chemistry. The study of carbon and its compounds; it involves the structure, properties
and preparation of chemical compounds that consist of carbon-hydrogen bond. Areas under this are
medicinal chemistry, organometallic chemistry, polymer chemistry, physical organic chemistry and
stereochemistry.
2. Inorganic Chemistry. The study of properties and behavior of all chemical compound except
organic chemistry. It studies such as crystal structure, minerals, metals, catalyst, and most elements
in the periodic table. Branches under inorganic chemistry include bioinorganic chemistry,
geochemistry, nuclear chemistry, organometallic chemistry and solid-state chemistry.
3. Biochemistry. The study of chemical processes that occur inside of living organisms. It spans
molecular biology, genetics, biochemical pharmacology, clinical biochemistry, and structural
biochemistry.
4. Analytical Chemistry. The study of the chemistry of matter and the development of tools to
measure properties of matter. It involves the qualitative and quantitative determination of the
chemical components of substances. Example areas of these are forensic chemistry, environmental
chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry.
5. Physical Chemistry. The study of the effect of the chemical structure on the physical properties of
a substance. This branch of chemistry applies physics to the study of chemistry, which commonly
includes the application of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics to chemistry. Sub-branches of
physical chemistry include photochemistry, surface chemistry, chemical kinetics, quantum chemistry
and spectroscopy
Lesson 3: Scientific Method

Science is a framework for gaining and organizing knowledge. Science is not simply a set of facts but also
a plan of action – a procedure for processing and understanding certain types of information. The process
that lies at the center of scientific inquiry is called the scientific method.

Figure 1.1 Scientific Method
Steps is the Scientific Method
Scientist conducts their study following this cycle of observation, predicting and experimenting. After an
experiment, a new observation will be form that will undergo again of the cycle.
1. Making observations. Observations may be qualitative or quantitative. A qualitative observation

does not involve a number. For example, the outside air temperature is cooler during the winter
season, table salt is crystalline and dissolving a penny in a dilute nitric acid forms a blue solution
and a brown gas. While quantitative observation (called a measurement) involves both number and
a unit. For example, the melting point of crystalline sulfur is 115.21 oC, and 35.9g of table salt
dissolve in 100g of water at 20oC.
2. Formulating hypothesis. A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation. The

hypothesis may not be correct, but it puts the scientist’s understanding of the system being studied
into a form that can be tested. For example, the observation that we experience alternating periods
of light and darkness corresponding to observed movements of the celestial bodies is consistent
with either two hypotheses: Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours and the sun revolves around the
Earth every 24 hours.
3. Performing Experiments. Experiments are systematic observations or measurements, preferably

made under controlled condition in which a single variable changes. An experiment is carried out to
a test a hypothesis. This involves gathering new information that enables a scientist to decide
whether the hypothesis is valid – that is, whether it is supported by the information learned from the
experiment. Experiments always produce new observations, and this brings the process back to the
beginning again. For example, in dinosaur’s extinction, iridium concentrations were measured
worldwide and compared.
Scientific Models

Once a set of hypotheses that agrees with the various observations is obtained, the hypotheses are
assembled to create a models and theories. The words “model” and “theory” are sometimes used
interchangeably but the distinction between these two terms is that model is used for situations when it is
known that the hypothesis has a limitation on its validity. For example, the Bohr model of the atom which
depicts electrons circling the atomic nucleus in a fashion similar to planets in the solar system. Scientist
often use such idealized models to get an initial grasp on analyzing complex situations.
While theory represents a hypothesis whish has been confirmed through repeated testing. Generally, a
theory is an interpretation or a possible explanation of why nature behaves in a particular way. Theories are
evolving as more information becomes available. For example, the motions of the sun and stars have
remained virtually the same over the thousands of years during which humans have been observing them,
but the theories for these motions have changed greatly since ancient times.
Whereas theory explains why a phenomena happened, a law simply states what happens, it is a verbal or
mathematical description of a phenomenon that allows for general predictions. For example, Pascal’s law
refers an equation that describes differences in pressure based on height.
Lesson 4: Development of Chemistry

Timeline of major events in chemistry history:
Democritus (465 BC). First to propose the matter exists in the form if particles, coined the term ‘atoms’.
Alchemists (~1000-1650). Among other things, the alchemists sought a universal solvent, attempted to
change lead and other metals into gold, and tried to discover an elixir which would prolong life. The
alchemists learned how to use metallic compounds and plant-derived materials to treat diseases
1100s. Oldest written description of lodestone used as a compass.
Boyles, Sir Robert (1637-1691). Formulated the fundamental gas laws. First to propose the combination
of small particles to form molecules. Differentiated between compounds and mixtures.
Torricelli, Evangelista (1643). Invented the mercury barometer.
Von Guericke, Otto (1645). Constructed the first vacuum pump.
Dalton, John (1766-1844). Proposed atomic theory based on measurable masses. Stated law of partial
pressure of gases.
Avogadro, Amedeo (1776-1856). Proposed principle that equal volumes of gasses contain the same
number of molecules.
Davy, Sir Humphry (1778-1829). Laid foundation of electrochemistry. Studied electrolysis of salts in water.
Isolated sodium and potassium.
Gay-Lussac, J.L. (1778-1850). Discovered boron and iodine. Discovered acid-base indicators (litmus).
Improved method for making sulfuric acid. Researched behavior of gasses.
Coulomb, Charles (1795). Introduced the inverse-square law of electrostatics.

Faraday, Michael (1791-1867). Coined term ‘electrolysis’. Developed theories of electrical and mechanical
energy, corrosion, batteries, and electrometallurgy. Faraday was not a proponent of atomism.
Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895). First recognition of bacteria as disease-causing agents. Developed field of
immunochemistry. Introduced heat-sterilization of wine and mil. Saw optical isomers in tartaric acid.
Carnot, Sadi (1824). Analyzed heat engines.
Nobel, Alfred (1833-1896) Invented dynamite, smokeless powder, and blasting gelatin. Established
international wards for achievements in chemistry, physics, and medicine (Nobel Prize).
Mendeléev, Dmitri (1834-1907). Discovered periodicity of the elements. Compiled the first Periodic Table
with elements arranged into 7 groups (1869).
Gibbs, Josiah W. (1839-1903). Stated three laws of thermodynamics. Described the nature of entropy and
established a relation between chemical, electric, and thermal energy.
Joule, James (1843). Experimentally demonstrated that heat is a form of energy.
Boltsmann, L. (1844-1906). Developed kinetic theory of gasses. Viscosity and diffusion properties are
summarized in Boltzmann’s law. Published results from experiments showing that heat is a form of energy.
(1849)
Lord Kelvin (1838). Described the absolute zero point of temperature. Stated the second law of
thermodynamics (1874)
Becquerel, Henri. (1851-1908). Discovered radioactivity of uranium (1896) and deflection of electrons by
magnetic fields and gamma rays. Nobel Prize in 1903 (with Curies).
Moisson, H. (1852-1907). Developed electric furnace for making carbides and purifying metals. Isolated
Fluorine (1886). Nobel prize in 1906.
Thomsons, Sir J.J. (1856-1940). Research on cathode rays proved existence of electrons (1896) Nobel
Prize in 1906. Discovered electron. (1897)
Maxwell, James Clerk (1859). Described the mathematical distribution of the velocities of molecules of a
gas. Proposed that electric and magnetic fields filled space. (1873)
Nerst, Walther Hermann (1863-1941). Nobel Prize in 1920 for work in thermochemistry. Performed basic
research in electrochemistry and thermodynamics.
Curie, Marie (1867-1934). With Pierre Curie, discovered and isolated radium and polonium (1898). Studied
radioactivity of uranium. Nobel Prize in 1903 (with Becquerel) in physics; in chemistry 1911.
Staudinger, Hermann (1881-1965). Studied high-polymer structure, catalytic synthesis, polymerization

mechanism. Nobel Prize in 1963.
Hertz, Heinrich (1888). Discovered radio waves.
Chadwick, Sir James (1891-1974). Discovered the neutron (1932). Nobel Prize in 1935. Discovered the neutron.
(1932)

Bohr, Niels (1913). Devised quantum model of the atom in which atoms has orbital shells of electrons.
Crick, F.H.C. (1916-) with Watson, James D. Described the structure of the DNA molecules (1953).
Heisenberg, Werner (1927). Stated the quantum uncertainty principles. Described atoms using a formula based on
the frequencies of spectral lines.
Anderson, Carl (1932). Discovered the positron.
Fermi, Enrico (1934). Formulated his theory of beta decay.
Seaborg, Glenn (1941-1951). Synthesized several transuranium elements and suggested a revision to the layout o
the periodic table.
Lesson 5: Matter and Classification

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It can be classified either with respect to its physical
phase or with respect to its composition.
Matter
Physical Chemical
Pure
Rigid Fluid Mixture
Substance
Heteroge- Homoge-
Com-
Solid Liquid Gas Element neous neous
pound Mixture Mixture
Non-
Metal Metalloid Solution Alloy
Metal
Figure 1.2 Classification of Matter
According to Phase

Matter can be either rigid (meaning unbending or inflexible) or fluid (substance have tendency to flow). A
solid is rigid form of matter so that it maintains its shape when subjected to outside force. A liquid and gas
are a fluid form of matter which occupies the space of the container.
According to Composition
Matter can be classified according to its composition: either pure substance or mixture.
Pure substance cannot be separated by physical means. It has a fixed composition and a unique set of
properties. Pure substances are either elements or compounds.
An element is a type of matter that cannot be broken down into two or more pure substances by breaking
bonds. There are 118 known elements, of which 91 occur naturally. It is identified by its symbol. Elements
can be classified according to its valence electrons either metal or metalloid or non-metal.
A compound is a pure substance that can be broken down into two or more elements by chemical meals.
Compounds have fixed compositions. That is, a given compound always contains the same elements in the
same percentages by mass.
Mixture contains two or more substances combined in such a way that each substance retains its chemical
identity. There are two types of mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Homogeneous or uniform mixtures are ones in which the composition is the same throughout. Another
name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution, which is made up of a solvent most commonly a liquid.
While solid homogeneous are alloys.
Heterogeneous or non-uniform mixtures are those in which the composition varies throughout. Most rocks
fall into this category like granite. Its part can be easily separated through different methods such as
filtration, distillation and etc.
Lesson 6: Measurements and Instruments

Chemistry is a quantitative science. The lessons and calculations throughout this subject always involves
measured quantities with specified numerical values. Scientific measurements are expressed in the metric
system. This is a decimal system in which all of the units of a particular quantity are related to one another
by factors of 10. The common prefixes used to express these factors are listed in below.
Table 1.1 Metric Prefixes

Factor Prefix Abbreviation Factor Prefix Abbreviation
1024 yotta Y 10-1 deci d
1021 zetta Z 10-2 centi c
1018 exa E 10-3 milli m
1015 peta P 10-6 micro μ
1012 tera T 10-9 nano n
109 giga G 10-12 pico p

106 mega M 10-15 femto f
103 kilo k 10-18 atto a
102 hector h 10-21 zepto z
101 deca da 10-24 yecto y
Basic Units in Metric System
The metric system is the main system of measurement units used in science. Each unit is considered to be
dimensionally independent of the others.
Table 1.1 Metric Prefixes

Measurement Unit (Symbol) One Unit Equal to
Basic Uni
Length meter (m) 100 cm, 3.28 ft, 1.09 yd
Mass mass (kg) 1000 g, 2.20 lb, 35.274 oz
Time second (s) 1000 ms, 0.0167 min
Electric Current ampere (A) 1 V/Ω (I=V/R)
Temperature kelvin (K) K = oC + 273
Amount of Substance mole (mol) mol = mass x molar mass

(n=mM)
Luminous Intensity candela (cd) 1 lumen(lm)/steradian(sr)
Other Important Unit
Volume cubic centimeter (cm3) 1000 L
liter (L) 0.001 cm3
Electromagnetic Radiation
Angstrom (Å) 0.1 nm
Wavelength

Source:https://en.wikipedia org/wiki/Calipers
Figure 1.3 Caliper
Figure 1.4 An Electronic

Analytical Balance
Measuring Instrument
Meter is defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. The devices most
commonly used to measure length are ruler, measuring tape, caliper and etc.
Mass is a measure o the resistance of an object to a change in its sate of motion. Mass is measured by the
force necessary to give an object a certain acceleration. On earth we use the force that gravity exerts on an
object to measure its mass. We call this force the object’s weight.

Graduated cylinder and volumetric flask are used for measuring volume. A pipet or buret is used when
greater accuracy is required. A pipet is calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid. Different volumes can
be delivered accurately by a buret, perhaps to ±0.01mL.
Temperature is the factor that determines the direction of heat flow. When two objects at a different
temperature are placed in contact with one another, heat flows from the one at the higher temperature to
the one at th lower temperature. Thermometer used in chemistry marked in degrees Celsius.
Source:
Source: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/use-thermometer-beaker-
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Furman_University/CHM101%3
experiment-lab-491858215
A_
Chemistry_and_Global_Awareness_(Gordon)/02%3A_The_Mathema
ti cs_of_Chemistry/2.01%3A_Measuring_Matter
Figure 1.5 Buret, Graduated Cylinder, Pipet Figure 1.6 Thermometer

and Volumetric Flask
Lesson 7: Properties of Substance

Intensive properties do not depend on the sample’s size or mass. Example of intensive properties includes
boiling point, state of matter, and density. Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in the
sample. Example of extensive properties includes size, mass and volume.
The Physical properties of matter are any properties that can be perceived or observed without changing
the chemical identity of the sample. In contrast, chemical properties are those that can only be observes
and measured by performing a chemical reaction, thus changing the molecular structure of the sample.
Density
The density of a substance is the ratio of mass to volume:
mass(m)
density ( ρ )=
volume(V )

Note that even though mass and volume are extensive properties, the ratio of mass to volume is intensive.
Example:
Glycerol is a viscous liquid used by both the pharmaceutical and food industries as a sweetener, thickener,
and stabilizer. To determine its density, a student delivers a 15.0mL sample by pipet into a flask with a
mass of 28.45g. The mass of the flask and glycerol sample is 47.37g. what is the density of glycerol?
Solution:
Mass of the sample
mass of sample=( mask of flask + sample ) – ( mask of flask )
¿ 47.37 g – 28.45 g=18.92 g =
Density
mass of sample 18.92 g
ρ= = =1.26 g/mL
volume of sample 15.0 mL
Solubility
Solubility is referred to as the process by which a solute dissolve in a solvent, and is ordinarily a physical
rather than a chemical change.
Example:
Sucrose is the chemical name for the sugar we consume. Its solubility at 20 oC is 204g/100g water, and at
100oC is 487g/100g water. A solution is prepared by mixing 139g of sugar in 33.0g of water at 100 oC. What
is the minimum amount of water required to dissolve the sugar at 100oC
Solution:
a. Minimum amount of H2O to dissolve 139g sucrose at 100oC
100 g H 2 O
mass H 2 Orequired=139 g sucrose × =28.5 g H 2 O
487 g sucrose
b. Maximum amount of sucrose that can be dissolved in 33.0g H2O at 100oC

487 g surcose
mass of sucrose=33.0 g H 2 O× =161 g sucrose
100 g H 2 O
Assessment Task
Instructions: Answer the following.
1. Give five (5) examples field of studies for each branches in chemistry.
2. Classify each statement quantitative observation, qualitative observation, hypothesis, experiment,

theory or law.
a. Ice always floats on liquid water
b. Birds evolved from dinosaurs.
c. Hot air is less dense than cold air, probably because he components of hot air are moving more
rapidly.

d. When 10g of ice were added to 100mL of water at 25 oC, the temperature of the water decreased
to 15.5oC after the ice melted
e. The ingredients of ivory soap were analyzed to see whether it really is 99.44% pure, as
advertised.
f. Measured amounts of acid were added to a Rolaids tablet to see whether it really consumes 47
times its weight in excess stomach acid.
g. Heat always flows from hot objects to cooler ones, not in the opposite direction.
h. The universe was formed by a massive explosion that propelled matter into a vacuum.
i. Michael Jordan is the greatest pure shooter ever to play professional basketball.
j. Limestone is relatively insoluble in water but dissolves readily in dilute acid with the evolution of
a gas.
k. Gas mixtures that contain more than 4% hydrogen in air are potentially explosive.
3. Classify each substance as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture or a homogeneous

mixture
a. Filtered tea
b. Freshly squeezed orange juice
c. A compact disc
d. Aluminum oxide, a white powder that contains a 2:3 ratio of aluminum and oxygen atoms
e. Selenium
f. White wine
g. Mercury
h. Ranch-style salad dressing
i. Table sugar (sucrose)
j. Gold
k. Milk
l. Tear
4. Perform each of the following conversion

a. 8.43 cm to millimeters i. 25 fg to kg
b. 2.41 x 102 cm to meters j. 8.0 dm3 to L
c. 294.5 nm to centimeters k. 1 mL to μL
d. 1.445 x 104 m to kilometers l. 1μg to pg
e. 235.3 m to millimeters m. 908oz to kg
f. 903.3 nm to micrometers n. 12.8L to gallons
g. 1 Tg to kilogram o. 4.48lb to grams
h. 6.50 x 102 Tm to nm
5. A material will float on the surface of a liquid if the material has a density less than that of the liquid.
Given that the density of water is approximately 1.0g/mL, will a block of material having volume of
1.2 x 104 in3 and weighing 350lb float or sink when placed in a reservoir of water?
6. A star is estimated to have a mass of 2 x 10 36kg. Assuming it to be a sphere of average radius 7.0 x
105 km, calculate the average density of the star in units of grams per cubic centimeter.
7. Potassium sulfate has a solubility of 15g/100g water at 40 oC. A solution is prepared by adding 39.0g
of potassium sulfate to 225g of water, carefully heating the solution, and cooling it to 40 oC. a
homogeneous solution is obtained. The beaker is shaken, and precipitation occurs. How many
grams of potassium sulfate would you expect to crystallize out?
8. Magnesium chloride is an important coagulant used in the preparation of tofu from soy milk. Its
solubility in water at 20oC is 54.6g/100g. at 80OC, its solubility is 66.1g/100g. a mixture is made up

of 16.2g of magnesium chloride and 38.2g of water at 20 oC. How many more grams of magnesium
chloride are needed to make a saturated solution at 80oC?
Conceptual Question
Instructions: Analyze the scenario below and answer the following question.
1. In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease wad
beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of
heart failure. Scientist thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with
bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so
did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria.
One of the scientists, Dr Eijkman, designed a new experiment based on his own observations.
Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the
chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case and found that
polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health.
a. State the question or problem that Dr. Eijkman investigated.

b. What was the original hypothesis?
c. What was the manipulated (independent) variable and the responding (dependent) variable?
d. Write a statement that summarizes the results of the experiment.
e. How would Dr. Eijkman test his new hypothesis?
2. You go to a convenience store to buy candy and find the owner to be rather odd. He allows you to
buy pieces in multiples of four, and to buy four, you need $0.23. he only allows you to do this by
using 3 pennies and 2 dimes. You have a bunch of pennies and dimes, and instead of counting
them, you decide to weigh them. You have 636.3g of pennies, and each penny weighs 3.03g. each
dime weighs 2.29g. each piece of candy weighs 10.23g.
a. How many pennies do you have?
b. How many dimes do you need to buy a much candy as possible?
c. How much should all these dimes weigh?
d. How many pieces of candy could you buy? (number of dimes from b)
e. How much would this candy weigh?
f. How many pieces of candy could you buy with twice as many dimes?
3. A cylindrical bar of gold that is 1.5in in high and 0.25in in diameter has a mass of 23.1984g, as
determined on an analytical balance. An empty graduated cylinder is weighed on a triple-beam
balance and has a mass of 73.47g. After pouring a small amount of a liquid into the graduated
cylinder, the mass is 79.16g. When the gold cylinder is placed in the graduated cylinder (the liquid
covers the top of the gold cylinder), the volume indicated on the graduated cylinder is 8.5mL.
Assume that the temperature of the golf bar and the liquid are 86 oF. if the density of the liquid
decreases by 1.0% for each 10oC rise in temperature (over the range 0 to 50oC), determine
g. The density of the gold at 86oF
h. The density of the liquid at 40oF
References:
Principles and Reactions: Chemitry for Engineeering Students by Masterton et. al.
Chemistry Second Edition by Zumdahl and Zumdahl
Chemistry for Engneering Students Second Edition by Brown and Holme

https://www.thoughtco.com/
https://socratic.org/questions/what-are-the-branches-of-chemistry-and-their-definition

Introduction To Chemistry For Engineers: Camarines Norte State College

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction To Chemistry For Engineers: Camarines Norte State College

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

EN CHEM 1 – CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS Period: First Sem. AY .2022-2023

Specific Intended Learning Outcome/s (SILOs)

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 1 of 14

There is two level of understanding or perspective in chemistry: macroscopic and microscopic. In

Lesson 2: Branches of Chemistry

Lesson 3: Scientific Method

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 2 of 14

Figure 1.1 Scientific Method

Steps is the Scientific Method

1. Making observations. Observations may be qualitative or quantitative. A qualitative observation

2. Formulating hypothesis. A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation. The

3. Performing Experiments. Experiments are systematic observations or measurements, preferably

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 3 of 14

Lesson 4: Development of Chemistry

1100s. Oldest written description of lodestone used as a compass.

Torricelli, Evangelista (1643). Invented the mercury barometer.

Von Guericke, Otto (1645). Constructed the first vacuum pump.

Coulomb, Charles (1795). Introduced the inverse-square law of electrostatics.

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 4 of 14

Carnot, Sadi (1824). Analyzed heat engines.

Joule, James (1843). Experimentally demonstrated that heat is a form of energy.

Staudinger, Hermann (1881-1965). Studied high-polymer structure, catalytic synthesis, polymerization

Hertz, Heinrich (1888). Discovered radio waves.

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 5 of 14

Anderson, Carl (1932). Discovered the positron.

Fermi, Enrico (1934). Formulated his theory of beta decay.

Lesson 5: Matter and Classification

Figure 1.2 Classification of Matter

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 6 of 14

Lesson 6: Measurements and Instruments

Table 1.1 Metric Prefixes

1024 yotta Y 10-1 deci d

1021 zetta Z 10-2 centi c

1018 exa E 10-3 milli m

1015 peta P 10-6 micro μ

1012 tera T 10-9 nano n

109 giga G 10-12 pico p

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 7 of 14

106 mega M 10-15 femto f

103 kilo k 10-18 atto a

102 hector h 10-21 zepto z

101 deca da 10-24 yecto y

Basic Units in Metric System

Table 1.1 Metric Prefixes

Length meter (m) 100 cm, 3.28 ft, 1.09 yd

Mass mass (kg) 1000 g, 2.20 lb, 35.274 oz

Time second (s) 1000 ms, 0.0167 min

Electric Current ampere (A) 1 V/Ω (I=V/R)

Temperature kelvin (K) K = oC + 273

Amount of Substance mole (mol) mol = mass x molar mass

Luminous Intensity candela (cd) 1 lumen(lm)/steradian(sr)

Other Important Unit

Volume cubic centimeter (cm3) 1000 L

liter (L) 0.001 cm3

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 8 of 14

Figure 1.3 Caliper

Figure 1.4 An Electronic

EN CHEM 1 – Chemistry for Engineers Page 9 of 14

Figure 1.5 Buret, Graduated Cylinder, Pipet Figure 1.6 Thermometer

Lesson 7: Properties of Substance