Year Rig Company Type Details

Gas blowout and fire, Gulf of Mexico, no

2001 Ensco 51 Ensco Jackup
casualties

Arabian Drilling Structural collapse, blowout, fire and

2002 Arabdrill 19 Jackup
Co. sinking.

Global Sante Blowout and fire at Temsah platform,

2004 Adriatic IV Jackup
Fe Mediterranean Sea

Storm forced rig to move, causing well

2007 Usumacinta PEMEX Jackup
blowout on Kab 101 platform, 22 killed.

West Atlas / Jackup / Blowout and fire on rig and platform in

2009 Seadrill
Montara Platform Australia.[51]

Deepwater Semi- Blowout and fire on the rig, subsea well

2010 Transocean
Horizon submersible blowout, killed 11 in explosion.

Vermilion Block Mariner

2010 Platform Blowout and fire, 13 survivors, 1 injured.
380 Energy

KS Energy Blowout and fire on the rig, collapsed,

2012 KS Endeavour Jack-Up
Services killed 2 in explosion.
+ =

+ ≠
1. Calculate the acceleration of gas column when it starts to migrate; at this moment, there is no drag force, so
Eqs. (33) and (34) reduce to

( )
2 2
D 2−D 1
π
4
( p1 −p 2 )
a= −g
ρ g ,BH V gaskick ,BH

2. Select a small 1st time step, Δt1, and calculate the velocity of gas column at the end of 1st time step by
u g=a ∆ t 1
3. Calculate the migrated distance, Lmigrated, by

1 2
Lmig rated = a ∆ t 1
2
4. Calculate the location of base of gas column, hgas base, by

h gasbase =hwell −Lmigrated

5. Assuming a new gas volume, which is larger than gas volume at bottomhole; calculate the height of gas column,
hgas kick through Eq. (3)
6. Calculate the location of center of gas column hgas center, by

L gaskick
h gascenter =h gas base−
2
7. Calculate the average pressure of gas column, ⌐Pgas
8. Using real gas law, calculate the volume of gas kick at new location, which is

z BH T BH p gas
V gaskick =
zT p p V gaskick ,BH
where T = temperature at location, zBH = gas deviation factor at bottomhole, Dt1 = 1st time step, Lmigrated = gas
migrated distance, hgas base = location of base of gas column, hgas center = location of center of gas column, _pgas =
average pressure of gas column.
9. If calculated gas volume is different from assumed volume in Step 5, repeat Steps 5 through 8 until a
converged volume is obtained
10. With the gas column location after 1st time step, we can calculate the acceleration of gas column using Eq. (33)
or (34)
11. Select 2nd time step and calculate the velocity and migrated distance at the end of 2nd time step
12. Repeat Steps 4 through 11 until base of gas column migrates to the surface
 Calculate the acceleration of gas column when it starts to
migrate;
step 1

Select a small 1st time step, Δt1, and calculate the velocity of gas column
at the end of 1st time step
step 2

Calculate the migrated distance

step 3

Calculate the location of base of gas colum

step 4

Assuming a new gas volume, which is larger than gas volume at

bottomhole; calculate the height of gas column
step 5

Calculate the location of center of gas column hgas center

step 6

Calculate the average pressure of gas column

step 7

Using real gas law, calculate the volume of gas kick at new location

step 8

If calculated gas volume is different from assumed volume in Step 5,

repeat Steps 5 through 8 until a converged volume is obtained
step 9

With the gas column location after 1st time step, we can calculate the
step acceleration of gas column

10

Select 2nd time step and calculate the velocity and migrated distance at
step the end of 2nd time step

11
 F2 F
FD2 FD2 2
Lgcon
θ
e

D1 FG
Lgcylinder

FD1 FD1

D2 F1