0:10 Examine he theozy d Stotus to Comtract

Eimd out who Saidlawis a means t oend

Om Sia Hema Stated that Movememt as

Maine
Pmgressive
Societies has hihexto be.em t0m

Status o_Comt1act He however, Luali ied his

PPaSition by usimg hewod nitherto maim
Clea- tha
it cleo ma
his gemeraisatiom maymot
mece SSaily hold taue in tuture.
Tn India also

emamci Patian _dswomem tom the domimatiom ds

males, tyeedam available t individuak in Social,|
economic g_Political Seheres ods Life, imbnvement+
im the Condihonds Labaur & woahers etc: evinces
hat there ha% been a Shilt _ds empha%is tom
Status to Contzact in_ modem imes. The
tzanShrmation d English _as uwell _as Tndian Society
fommfeudalistic Patteim to individualishc SetuP,
hasbought in. i s wake a adical Change im.
he Status os Sexvants, ogricultuxal uo2hes e c t
The incabacihes_o Hindusim mattexs d maaaiage,-
divarce, Successiom adobaom etc have bee n
Temoved by the Codihcaiom os tindu PexSonal Laws

in 1955-56
The SbectaCula Chamges im he Zndiam
zitish
Laws Conseluent_ theh e tvanSitiomtom
Colomia Tule to the indebemdence ob the Country
in 191amblyShowshat thexe has beem movememt
o Zndian Society twm St atuß to Contaact: The
abolition o Zamimdavi SyStem Landlozdism)2 othez
31adedinetvalities, aws agains-t zacial disczimination&
Conshtutiomal mamdate emshaine i m h e Pseamble
& Pant r Eumdamemtal Riqhts) 2 Part v (pirective
Painciples oStote Policy) Sibulate a Socio
ecomomic- o 1 d e a with he obdective ds
Secuim
Secuimq o 1mdiam Ciizems uShce, liberty

9uality
uality 2Fateanity oe
Pogsessive mavememt
all imdicaive
tOm_ Status t o
o

Contaact The Comtaibutio ods the Subreme

Courtos Tmdia in achievin g his Change by-
Secui^j to the people ds Tndia dustice=
freedammsunde h e ConSitution
Aaticle 19os
ensurin Socio - ecomomic & Poliicak IuSice
mo less imbatant: The Judicial activism 2
PIL have funthex a c c e l e z a t e d h e Movemem
fom Status_to_Contract hmugh agiarian,
industzial labou aetorms byhe Process
immoYaionS.
legislatixe
The essemce a Hery
maine's jew hak movemccot os Pngressive
Societies hitheato has been fom Statu8_to
Comtact lies inthe act hat there haß
beena gadual dissalutiom os Family dekend-
ency &he gmuwth ds mdixidual free.dom in
its Tn Othe Wards individual is gzadually
blace
Subshtuted for the family_as a n i t als Society
This yiew has been Sukkoted by #he 2oth
Centuzy widers e Yinogradofl, Eret
Fedezic Pollo.ck Maltlamd, Holdswo1ths&
O-thers
Reversal d Tzend fromComtractto Status, Tt must|
tho+
advance ds hime
haweve be Stat.edwith he
imeact_ds_industaiaisation, unbamiSatiom
due the
modeimisatiom, e w PmblemsdPovety umemblaj
m humgei, 1gnozamce diseale etc, have

CmPPed uegivimg i s e o imequality betueem

individuals 9ues within he Society-Conscauent
hereCamea Coumte Cuanemt ds aeversal

t7am Comtoact to StatuS im the ife Hme ds

Maine himselt-.
was eakised that ide.a d
free.dam ds Contiact between Paweatul Capitalist
StavingLabour Cla le.d to Catostho ehic
Staying-
ComSeuemceS esultingim exbloitatiom dswouer3
This led to he emegemce ds Trade unianisom
The Lwonherg mow oamed t h e i a%ociaions
insteaadods imdividual treedomd baagaimim
thei wages tacilihes theix rade unions bad
he Powe ds 9ub borgaiming
Commemhng m his
TeverSal fomComtract to Status, the Chief
Jusice ds the Bombay High Cout im Pranaßh
Cothn mil Ltd. : StaBe_ad Bombay, inter -alia
Temahed:w e must mot_uget that uwe a e No
lomge living in the 0ge d laissez faine &he velathon
between emblayez k emblayees aze o longer Soley
govemed bythe Paincibles ds ComtractCamtrac-
tual i9hts liabilities are now Subiect to the
Painiples o imdustzial 1aw 2 also bzimcibles ds
Socia Justice"
La is a meamS to om emd
I n almodean legal
Sytems, layes & Palihcians have be.came
0
uSedto thinkinq ds law o OnimStrument
0
Ochievimq C hosemn Pys Poses-whethe Hhese
PuxposeS Oce Cho3em by 90eimmemnt(o Public
Policy)o7 by Citizens, ConPoaotioms 9muPS
eivate O Sectiamal imterests) The
idea has become So tamilia im western
Coundies that it is often hasdto hinn
am. altexmative to i t
The AmeriCam SoCio-legal
Schola, Biiam Tamamaha, has aecenty zied
to Show how idea be.caome
hisid established
hePadt Centuy a hakf im the USA.
He Contrasts i t with whot he Calls non-
imstume.nta views ds Law, uwhich tzeated
law as hovimg inhexent Values o gualitiess
Delated to_a Sense os Coommon goad 0 an
idea ds Sacie+y's matural o moxal ozder T
hese mon- imstrumentalviews lauw had a
necessary Content integzity'as a bre-gven
OTdeyx tha enCameassedeveyone--a Law
torall hat uwas the Loduct ds no-ome
Tamam.aha argves

that to See law as a meze tool lacuing any

inherent_warh % Sezvimq distinctive values,
hat are. essential to it, i s ofoumdly damgeznuk.
The idea ods Law as a means o an end' is.
in itself peanicious, he Suggestsbut it becames
a hieat when detached tom amySense ds
ovezall Public 90od- Them, lau becomes o
tool o Skecial intezests a wea bon o be Seized
toachieve one's buiboseswhatexe ettecis-

thS_may have m Othes

Tn Claic Socia- lega.

heoy hree SharblyComtaabinq but very in~lu-
emtial aepxaaches explain hoL oa Semse_ds
Comomom goodCan nderbim lauw im modeam
Comditioms 0me ostheseis thak ols Marl MaX
Mar XClaimed a% is well Mmawm, that in eakt
there are mo Commom imtexests hat aw
ServeS Law is alwayß am imstument ds Same
Clales used against others omyidea ds _Cammam.
imterest mus+ be aSham The Sense ds a
Commong0ad mayexist but, if So, it is am
ideolo9ica device to disquise he eakitgH
ods Cla Staugge
Eo MaxxiSs, Tamamahas 94aamies
Pngnosistheabsence o any Sense ds Law aß
a Commom. NeSource o Counter its_abbrn briatiar
by Sectional intees+s) Simblyxecogmises uwhat

law hal beem all alomq-he Paize in an endless

Strugglebetween 0bkasing orces. Old non-instzu-
mentalideas os LauwWould be viewed, in Maxist
anakysiSas ama decebtom_which the trivmbh
os the idea od law as oa meam% to am end has
ok las+ exbosed
tom a mon- Maxist Pe7Sbechve,
Max weber's early- twentieth Centuzy Socialag d _
law offered a Somewhat elated visiom-
ambivalent Tathe ham Sce Pticalabout he
ide.a o a Cammamg00d that he law Serves
Eor webe,as nr Tamamana law is Jushilicd
n i m S u m e n - t a terms weberWas,
nodaubt,
intuemced byhis Conbatriot
Rudol Yon 3hering
a
leading eamandurist ds the 13thCentun
whos e boolh is HHe.d,im £nish
best- hnowm
TianSlaiom, law as ameamd to am End.
webe Saw
|madeam law baving entizely lost uwhat
he Called itss 'metabhyaical dignity'-_he
tundamental moral dustiicatiomdhat had
beem Saught im madura law idea9: Tt had
beCome no moze ham a means _ds broducimg
Cambn-mises between ComHicting inteaests
He Saw he Streng-th his las
its obvioul useEulnessaS an mstaument+
o his balamcimadi demamds, but also as
a mneans ds SteeringSociet buneauczati-
Cally by meams ds aiamalloganised 7vles.
law SeTves he Commam g00d im this view

by Pmvidimga Yaßt metuworh ols ules_&

TegulatHons h a t mahe it_PoSSible to organise
immensely Combli.cated modexn Societies
The Comman
ood is , thus, theSameuSetulmess os Law(hr
Citizems Co1boratiommubs,07 gavermments
tying to Steer
Society) hot Tamamaha
emphasise.s.