to indii das

JAvt 14 8tete ahal not deny

(4) eq uality
ual protetion of daw
(b) cq
Englis coneyt (oriyi-frglan)
Equaity a ey woded tdea whih me
means aben ce ot
nd
the àdividual
of teii ramk positan amd
ie al povons inspective treated
lee
leetre law and dhall
eq ally by kew T meam
hee are doine exce)tos to he aolea.
towees
ome excephns r als chage of
ay se) alele to cot of law
à mot
to can be dtased oo
case wh at
) No Conmnal Gouer hor:
the Preidert or
Conthued aganst

claimed Cam he ititted againt

 donlay cor taj povi
Pasliamnta iom o diplomats.
ha leeen
Rule of law the conc ept od Englan d gualiky
trde tho concept of Rt to
po ated
Rule of law me ane of day
syem acy
Supreme and ture abt oolk
ot amy an brh any poer
iofhuence
a oppoted to the
weth the el opbon of Rule of aw, the Rax Lex
notio of admin istrat'o, changuod fon
Lao to
Rex Lex to ex Rex e tom king id
Lox Ro
to matain law J ordey and steb, liy
of the cownby
law as the am ponet ot Basic
SC dec lased Rule of
StuctuyL of the Tndian lonsbtetion.
Rule ot laud has 3 principlu.
) No mam cam be pun ished ercep t for violato of a .
and such a viokaton mt prouen mcout od law.
Jo that thoe no as brb asy eatnent.
) A) the povonw at subjed to o cdinay laus of umd
oathout clicomathdn.
princpk of Rul of lonw a appldin Trda
Tin) The 3d
onodifcata of 3ad piiple of Rub of aw beaun
a
enactment of legulakus dlons but
nfnglanol twey
upnehme lauw and all lo
the upreme
tn Trd'a tobtitutia wiA5
mwt le coui tent
Aaus paed by legiàl atune
the Convt tution,
law : he concep! origin ated ih Us
Eqtual Prote ction of of
tohich nean egaly
concept
It ië a t vely worded hk he should
cq teas clntamce
trcatmmt but n
unif applicato
doe
lu treatzd alike Tt eg uie that
circm Stamca ather tt
ot laws adey
au

kay. Thus Artte 44 guaaneey

letore applying the
cquality but nlyy among equal
the di(yinm at'o wnds
eii crim matio, o
otetino
policy ds jy thied.
which eyer vatin
(At:1s Right agavt diierinjmabn

bith oo any of hem.

Cate, dex,placeof
That hur c ditiony alone ase
dustnmati undes eq al prteofim
Gowmdb haue
acconp antd
ot lay Howeus, if these an dtion are
them li cnmnaton lar, be oone.
wth dom,e alhes fa chra

At ssl2): Pro hi'bi ts dtate ! mdividak t y

ducnoinathg aganst a' tizeru on ys
bais of religion, 0ce, cate , der,plo ce ot
bith or amy of them in haum g
puklics y placa like Past en tertah mong hub
or wel / Ghat tank ,road e te nataheo ot of
State's fumd.
ho. of doaat evile ake. cormmun alsy
Yacim, wnto uchability gondos
 (hallo the state t mako scal proribion
to lelfane od w0'nt Childem

to make spoe cual

JAt 15() |: Enalelo the otate
doaally d
d edueatonally
ho aduam ternenct of
ovisi
d STs.
backasd tlasss oro
laye
Bactwasd C

S.EBC

(0. B-C-+x ty) A-A 1951

oduced throgh Js2
Lst
Axt: 15() was imt

Public

Ava-15(5): lTotoduced inmthe enchi tuda through

the tate mate
empowe
93'd A-A 200s H bach ued cloye
admi4si ot
Specia Poisios h the lohth puble o
cau catim al otttord
of citizeny t cducatio|
cmaded except mhonty
prinate ided eo
intifcboa.
 claucs

Public Eî

Lwnauded!
aided
%ymuah t03vd A.A 2019
At 15(5|:ntoducsd throug eenOnicaly
rovde eevat'on tor
mder which Stete can whether
catnol mottut ons
weakes Je ctions in cducationel
unaided Kcet min aty
Plubicor private, adeod
cducatohal ivtthtiy.

A 46
provide eguality of oppotnte
all
JAt-16(1) | : ttate shcitizong n publ'c employon ent
to all
Prohibits the state hon di corninathg
Artte(2)|: Citizens nly n the Arrund oft
Gg aßnst
ot birth, jdence,
ace, cate, Jex, place
veligton acas to publie
emm in hang
ducent Y amy of th
employment
 Art 6/3)/ qwabitian
las, 9yidem ce ay a grDwmd
employ n unt wdor he
tain Categoris of pubtie
n Ces
6tate

the stete to make speua!

At 18 (4)!: mpows clasy of
of backwasd
pyovbions the taous
6t the netwe of publit
Citizens in snng pot
backwad cles i socaly s
mploymest t the
catioall y backoand amd d not ade quately
kdu
oisented cn sevice des the State.

OBC was
declaned thot up to cowi dire ctod tate
valid. Howcve the
constitutim aly oB andemoe
to idantity the oeamy ayer amng
veket.
thom m the beneht o
emt n favs of
the
The Cout hetd tha so
cam not e mae then
Backewed Clayu todnaily
teat. SC+ 87+0BC +2 50%
of the total
 Ant 63)/: Pesliament do enpowehed t oeide by
law, eyjdemce y a gDemc gualidahi

Categovis of pulolee employ n

ment undo 1he
An ces tan

mpowou the state to mahe speual

|At g6 (4)
of backwasd clasy of
pxonions the farous
eing post f
6t the netee publie
citizens n
the backward cla4 nd doc'ally d
em ployment f
catiomell y back swan d amd i not adeq tately
cdu State.
oemsented cn sevice endes the
Uoyi' f ndia Cae 1992
Sahni VS
Sc in In die
declaned thot up to
dise ctod sfate
Howeer the Cos
vali'd. Howeuy
Consttution aly valid.
OB and emoe
to identity sthe co eamy ayer omong
beneht of eeyhetn.
them m the
evatbn n faw af
that the
he cot held
clasu odyasiy cammot soy
Back wend
of the ttal seat.
 16l44)
SC declas ed th at the apolig
nwt be gihem an ly at he me of rtct? -
lawneat and
the the esovati
ent but hot m promotis
bhutnal vod
Pomob t SC, 3T way held wncons
weee, farliam t re po ded bybu
Howeves, ntroduchg ht.LPA)
9395 ohich povi dy to reeeats
Kvough 7 A-A
An pronotio tor SCs and STa