Pathognomonic signs

1. COPD - Barrel-Chested
2. Pneumonia - Greenish Rusty Sputum
3. Pernicious Anemia - Beefy Red Tongue (Schilling’s test)
4. Kawasaki Disease - Strawberry Tongue
5. Malaria - Stepladder Fever with chills
6. Tetany - Chvostek Sign (Muscle Twitching Face - d/t decreased calcium)
- Trousseau's Sign (Jerky movements)
7. Typhoid - Rose Spots in abdomen
8. Pancreatitis - Cullen Sign (Bluish discoloration periumbilical area)
- Grey-Turner’s Sign (flank ecchymosis)
9. Hepatitis - Icteric Sclera (yellowish discoloration of sclera)
10. Thrombophlebitis - Homan’s Sign (calf pain at dorsiflexion of the foot)
11. Appendicitis - McBurney’s Point (rebound tenderness)
- Rovsing Sign (RLQ pain w/ palpation in LLQ)
- Psoas Sign (pain on lying down/pain from flexing the thigh to the hip)
12. Meningitis - Budzinski Sign (neck flex = lower leg flex)
- Kernig's Sign (pain in leg/knee area when hip flexion)
13. Pyloric Stenosis - Olive-Shaped Mass
14. Hyperthyroidism/Graves' - Exophthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs/bulging eyes)
15. Addison’s Disease - Bronze-like skin
16. Cushing Syndrome - Moon face & Buffalo Hump (fats on back of neck/shoulders)
17. Cholera - Rice Watery Stool
18. SLE - Butterfly Rashes on face
19. Leprosy - Leonine facies (contracted face/thickened folded facial skin)
20. Bulimia Nervosa - Chipmunk Face
21. Liver Cirrhosis - Spider Angioma
22. Asthma - Wheezing on expiration
23. Cholecystitis - Murphy’s Sign (pain on inspiration if gallbladder (RUQ) is palpated)
24. Down Syndrome - Single Transverse Crease on Palm
25. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) - Clubbing of Fingernails, Ventricular Septal Defect,
Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding of Aorta, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
26. Cataract - Opacity of the lens / Blurry or Hizzy Vision / Clouding / Painless
27. Glaucoma - Tunnel-like Vision, Painfull vision loss
28. PTB - Low-grade fever in the afternoon
29. Hyperpituitarism - CAROTENEMIA (Discoloration of skin) - XANTHAMIA
30. Myasthenia Gravis (MG) – Descending muscle weakness and Ptosis
(drooping/inability to open upper eyelids)
31. Dengue - Herman’s sign (Petechial rash)
32. Parkinson’s Disease - Pill-Rolling Tremors
33. Myocardial Infarction - Levine’s Sign (clutching of the chest), Pain that radiates to
left shoulder, neck, arms, unrelieved by NTG
34. Measles - Koplick’s spot
35. Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension - Proteinuria, Edema, Hypertension
36. Cardiac tamponade - Beck’s triad (Hypotension, Distended jugular vein, Muffled or
distant heart sounds)
37. Diphtheria - Pseudomembranes in the oral cavity
38. Patent Ductus Arteriosus - machine-like murmur
39. Intussusception - currant jelly stool, sausage-shaped mass
- Dance Sign (empty portion of RLQ)
40. Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Ascending muscle weakness or paralysis
41. Chickenpox/Varicella - Vesiculopapular rash
42. Tracheoesophageal Fistula – 4Cs: Coughing, Choking, Cyanosis, Continous
Drooling
43. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma - Reed-Sternberg Cells (large multi-nucleated cells)
- Painless, progressive enlargement of spleen & lymph tissues
44. Diabetes Mellitus – 3P’s: Polyuria, Polydypsia, Polyphagia
45. Diabetic Ketoacidosis - Acetone breath, Kussmaul's breathing (Deep, rapid RR)
46. Retinal Detachment - Visual Floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision
47. Hepatic Encephalopathy - Flapping tremors
48. Shock - HYPOtension, TACHYpnea, TACHYcardia
49. Meniere’s Disease - Vertigo and Tinnitus
50. Ulcerative Colitis - Recurrent bloody diarrhea
51. Lyme’s disease - Bull’s eye rash
52. Hirschsprung disease (Toxic Megacolon) - Ribbon-like stools
53. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection - Owl’s eye appearance of cells
54. Buerger’s Disease - Intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor
circulation resting in impaired walking)
55. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - heartburn
56. Increase Intracranial Pressure - Cushing’s Triad (Inc BP, decreased RR & HR)
57. Retino Blastoma - Cat’s eye reflex (grayish discoloration of pupils)
58. Hydrocephalus - Bossing sign (prominent forehead)