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Pitch P, angle of thread 60º, pitch diameter d2=D2, major diameter of external thread
d, minor diameter of internal thread d3, major diameter of internal thread D, minor
diameter of internal thread D1, root radius R, height of fundamental triangle H.
When a reliable design is to be achieved screw joints are such designed that the
effective cross section area is determinative for the strength of the assembly, i.e.
the screw fails rather than the internal or external thread strips. The length of the
screw engagement should at least be sufficient to carry the full load necessary to
break the screw. If not, thread stripping starts at the first engaged thread and
successively shears off subsequent threads. This may take some hours to
complete and so the joint may appear fine at the time of assembly but will fail in
service.
The shear strength is defined by Fs=τ Ath where τ = shear strength of the material
and Ath the thread shear area. When the external and internal thread are of the
same material, the internal thread (in the tapped hole) is stronger in shear than the
external thread. One of the problems in predicting the thread stripping strength is
that without considering such effects as thread bending, nut dilation (effect of
radial displacement) and tolerances of thread dimensions an optimistic result is
calculated.
The shear strength of a material is often expressed in the ratio of the shear to
tensile strength, for ductile materials like steel τ/σ=0.580. With a bolt and nut of the
same grade the ratio Ath/As should exceed 0.580 to ensure that the strength of
the tensile area is the weakest. The stripping strength of a particular engagement
length or material can be derived from the standard nut height. A material with only
the half shear strength of the fastener requires the double length of engagement,
Le=2x0.75d.
Weak materials are sensitive for galling at high contact pressure. In order to
enlarge the stripping strength and at the same time to prevent galling it is possible
to use helicoils.
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04.05.2018 Practical thread strenght analysis
Given: The tolerance class of the dimensions of a standard nut are assumed to be
representative for the tapped hole. The ratio of shear strength to tensile strength of
the SG cast iron is taken as τ/σ=0.9, where the tensile strength is σ=500 MPa.
Solution: The ratio of shear strength of the bolt and the tapped hole is 0.58 1000 /
0.9 500 = 1.3. The required length of thread engagement becomes 1.3 0.8d = 12.5
mm.
A generally used practical calculation method for the tread stripping strength is
given by the formula Ath=0.5πd0L0. where d0=(d2+d3)/2. Applying this formula
results in the effective length of thread engagement of L0=11.5mm.
Note that the shear strength of a metric fine thread exceeds that of a standard
metric thread because of the slightly larger d0-value (approximately 6%).
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04.05.2018 Practical thread strenght analysis
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