INTRODUCTION TO

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• As defined Bryman & Bell (2005), it
is a collection of numerical data
and exhibiting the view of
relationship between theory and
research as deductive.
• It is a predilection for natural
science approach.
• It has an objectivist conception of
social reality
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 What is Quantitative Research?

Quantitative research is the

systematic empirical
investigation of observable
phenomena via statistical,
mathematical or computational
techniques and processes.
What is Quantitative Research?

It is influenced by the empiricist

paradigm, which means that it is
concerned with cause and effect
of social phenomena and uses
the data - which is based on
empirical observation and their
critical interpretation.
What is Quantitative Research?
OBJECTIVES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• develop and employ mathematical

models, theories and/or hypotheses
pertaining to phenomena
• provides the fundamental connection
between empirical observation and
mathematical expression of
quantitative relationships
 Quantitative data is any data that is in
numerical form such as statistics, percentages,
etc

• The researcher is hoping the numbers will yield

an unbiased result that can be generalized to
some larger population.

❑This research method is used:

-to describe variables;
-to examine relationships among variables;
-to determine cause-and-effect interactions
between variables.' (Burns & Grove 2005:23)
Quantitative research is generally made using
scientific methods, which can include:
The generation of models, theories and
hypotheses
• The development of instruments and
methods for measurement
• Experimental control and manipulation
of variables
• Collection of empirical data
• Modeling and analysis of data
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Research is based on direct experience and
observation of the researcher.
What is the basis of your research?

EMPIRICAL
Research is based on direct experience and
observation of the researcher.
What is the basis of your research?

EMPIRICAL
 It follows orderly and sequential procedure.
*Was there a scientific method followed in conducting the
research?

SYSTEMATIC
All variables except those that are tested/experimented upon
are kept constant. o Are the obtained data independent and
without manipulations?

CONTROLLED
Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process o Is
there a hypothesis observed while conducting the research?

GUIDED W/
HYPOTHESIS
There is critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error
in their interpretation o Are the data obtained treated using
proper analytical tools?

ANALYTICAL
Other characteristics of a quantitative research can be
following:

•The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.

•The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative
of the population.
•The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its
high reliability.
•Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which
objective answers are sought.
•All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is
collected.