INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
ICT: Information and Communication Technology
 Information and communications technology (ICT) is
often used as an extended synonym for information
technology (IT).
 It is a more extensive term (i.e. more broad in scope)
that stresses the role of unified communications and
the integration of telecommunications (telephone
lines and wireless signals), computers as well as
necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage,
and audio-visual systems, which enable users to
access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
 Technology that merges computing with high-speed
communication links carrying data, sound and video.
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY + COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
What is a computer?
 A computer is a programmable machine that accepts
data (raw facts and figures) and processes or
manipulates them into information that people can
use.
What is computer technology?
 Technology that consists of computing devices and
peripherals used to speed up problem solving and
increase productivity
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
1. First Generation (1951-57) - Vacuum Tubes
2. Second Generation (1958-63) - Transistors
3. Third Generation (1964-69) - Integrated Circuits
4. Fourth Generation (1970-90)- Microprocessor
5. Fifth Generation (1991-2012 & beyond) –
"Age of Connectivity"
Vacuum Tubes
 Invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, vacuum
tubes were a basic component for electronics
throughout the first half of the twentieth century,
which saw the delusion of radio, television, radar,
sound reinforcement, sound recording and
reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and
digital computers, and industrial process control.
 In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or
just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and
some other regions) is a device that controls
electric current between electrodes in an evacuated
container.
Setbacks:
 large use of power
 more heat = more downtime
 more downtime = more expensive maintenance
huge size of computers
 difficult to program = limited performance
Transistors
• A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Following its development in 1947 by American physicists
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the
transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved
the way for smaller and cheaper radios. calculators. and
computers, among other things.
Transistors Compared to Vacuum Tubes:
 less use of power
 less heat = less downtime
 less downtime = less expensive
maintenance
 smaller sized but faster processing time
 more reliable
Integrated Circuits
 An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated
circuit (also referred to as an IC. chip, or a
microchip is a set of electronic circuits on one small
plate (‘Chip') of semiconductor material, normally
silicon.
 Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic
equipment today and have revolutionized the
world of electronics, Composed of millions of
transistors.
Computer Technology: ICs
 size is compact
 less cost to manufacture = less expensive
 very fast processing time
 more reliable
Microprocessor
 A specialized single chip developed for computer
memory and logic.
Computer Technology: Microprocessor
 single chip = reduced manufacturing cost
 fewer electrical connections = more reliable
 with smaller components = more smaller designs
 faster and more powerful
Age of Connectivity "Connected Generation"
 All efforts are geared towards communication of
computers in the information superhighway.
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
(or Telecommunication Technology)
What is (telecommunication?
 It is the electronic transfer of data from one place to
another.
 This technology consists of electromagnetic devices
and systems for communicating over long
distances. .ex. telephone, radio, tv, cable
Telecommunications can take place through:
Wired Transmission
 - communications using wired transmission media
such as twisted-pair, coaxial, fiber optic cables

 Cash Value Cards

Wireless Transmission  Business Intelligence Tools
- does not use solid substances to transmit data ICT in GOVERNMENT
- wireless media send data through air or space using
infrared, radio, or microwave signals  Government agencies employ ic. I technologies
during elections
Satellite Transmission  to facilitate transactions (e.g. NSO, LTO, passport,
immigration)
- uses satellite to amplify radio or microwave signals
 for Disaster Risk Reduction (e.g. PAGASA)
and create a communication channel between a
 Police use computers
source and a receiver.
o on patrol
"ONLINE" o to check stolen cars
o to check criminal records
 the term involves a computer or information device o to monitor crimes in the streets (e.g. using
connected to a network allowing transfer of CCTVs)
information
 A network is a communications system connecting ICT in Media & Entertainment
two or more computers; the internet is the largest
network.  Online streaming of videos and music
 Video Games
ICT IN THE SOCIETY  Photo sharing
 Social networking sites (i.e. Facebook, twitter)
ICT in the field of:  Blogs
 Education ICT in Healthcare
 Business
 electronic health record (EHR)
 Government
 electronic prescribing
 Media and Entertainment
 electronic-aided dispensing of
 Healthcare  drugs in the hospitals
 Tek I-Donovant Techno  Imaging devices (e.g. X-rays, MRI, ultrasound)
ICT in EDUCATION

 Research tools are available.

 Information is highly accessible online, anywhere
and anytime.
 Course management tools are available (1.e Moodle,
Google Classroom).
 ICT technologies are used in laboratories and in the
classroom (1.e. projectors, robotics, etc...)
 Online Classes and Webinars
 Distance Learning

Ethical Use of ICT devices in the classroom

What should they be used for?

 Following the lecture

 Working along with the Instructor
 Performing Instructor-assigned Interiel searches
 Complying assignments for the class

What is misuse of the ICT device?

 Text messaging or emailing friends

 Surfing the Internet for entertainment
 Doing assignments for other classes

ICT in BUSINESS

 E-commerce - allows the purchase of goods (ie

clothes, food) and or services (e.g. photo album. NSO
birth certificate application, airline tickets) with the
use of any electronic medium without using any
paper document
 Online banking, online payment - allows the
payment of bills credit cards phone bills and money
transfers without being physically present in the
actual establishment. (No falling in line!)