CHƯƠNG 2

BÀI TẬP HỆ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH TUYẾN TÍNH

I. Giả hệ phương trình bậc 3

  
2x1 − x2 + x3 = 12
 2x1 − x2 − x3 = 4
 x1 + x2 + 2x3 = −12

a) x1 + 6x2 − x3 = 2 b) 3x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 = 11 c) 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 = 2
  
3x1 + x2 + 8x3 = 16 3x1 − 2x2 + 4x3 = 11 4x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −2
  
 
3x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 5
 x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 = 31

d) 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 1 e) 5x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 29
 
2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 11 3x1 − x2 + x3 = 10
 

II. Giả hệ phương trình bậc 4

 
x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 − 4x4 = 4

 x1 − x2 + 2x3 − 3x4 = 1


 x2 − x3 + x4 = −3 x + 4x − x − 2x = −2
1 2 3 4
a) b)


 x1 + 3x2 − x4 = 1 

 x1 − 4x2 + 3x3 − 2x4 = −2
−7x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 = −3 x1 − 8x2 + 5x3 − 2x4 = −2
 
 

 3x1 + 4x2 + 5x3 + 7x4 = 1 
 3x1 + x2 − 3x3 + x4 = 1

2x + 6x − 3x + 4x = 2 
2x − x + 7x − 3x = 2
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
c) d)


 4x1 + 2x2 + 13x3 + 10x4 = 0 

 x1 + 3x2 − 2x3 + 5x4 = 3
3x1 − 2x2 + 7x3 − 5x4 = 3
 
5x1 + 21x3 + 13x4 = 3
 

 x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 − 2x4 = 6 
 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 4

2x − 2x − 2x − 3x = 8 
3x + 3x + 3x + 2x = 6
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
e) f)


 3x1 + 2x2 − x3 + 2x4 = 4 

 3x1 − x2 − x3 + 2x4 = 6
2x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 = −8 3x1 − x2 + 3x3 − x4 = 6
 

III. Giải và biện luận hệ phương trình

 
(a + 1)x1 + x2 + x3 = 1
 ax1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 1

a) x1 + (a + 1)x2 + x3 = a b) x1 + ax2 + x3 + x4 = a
 2

x1 + x2 + (a + 1)x3 = a x1 + x2 + ax3 + x4 = a2
 
 

 x1 − x2 + ax3 − x4 = a 
 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 + x4 = 3

x + ax − x + x = −1 
4x + 6x + 3x + 4x = 5
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
c) d)


 ax1 + ax2 − x3 − x4 = −1 

 6x1 + 9x2 + 5x3 + 6x4 = 7
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = −a
 
8x1 + 12x2 + 7x3 + tx4 = 9

1
  
tx1 + x2 + x3 + x4


=1 x1 + x2 + x3 + mx4


=1
x + tx + x + x =1 x + mx + x + x =1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
e) f)


 x1 + x2 + tx3 + x4 =1 

 mx1 + x2 + x3 + x4 =1
 
x1 + x2 + x3 + tx4 =1 x1 + x2 + mx3 + x4 =1
IV. Giải hệ phương trình
 

 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 7 
 2x1 + x2 − x3 − x4 + x5 = 1

3x + 2x + x + x − 3x = −2 
x − x + x + x − 2x = 0
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
a) b)


 x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 + 6x5 = 23 

 3x1 + 3x2 − 3x3 − 3x4 + 4x5 = 2
5x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 − x5 = 12 4x1 + 5x2 − 5x3 − 5x4 + 7x5 = 3
 


 2x1 − 2x2 + x3 − x4 + x5 = 1

x + 2x − x + x − 2x = 1
1 2 3 4 5
c)


 4x1 − 10x2 + 5x3 − 5x4 + 7x5 = 2
2x1 − 14x2 + 7x3 − 7x4 + 11x5 = −1


V. Giải hệ phương trình


2x1 + x2 + 4x3 + 7x4 = 0

a) 4x1 + 2x2 − 7x3 + 5x4 = 0

x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 − 3x4 = 0



 5x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 + x4 + 6x5 = 0

2x + 2x − x + 4x + 3x = 0
1 2 3 4 5
b)


 2x1 + 2x2 − x3 + 4x4 + 3x5 = 2
7x + 6x2 − 3x3 + 3x4 + 9x5 = 0

( 1
x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 + 6x4 = 0
c)
2x1 − x2 + 7x3 + 4x4 = 0
(
x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 + 3x5 = 0
d)
2x1 + 4x2 + x3 + 3x4 + 4x5 = 0