1 Oral

• Telephonic Conservation

John - Hello.
Sophia - Hello.
John - Is this Sophia ?
Sophia - Yeah, speaking. Who is speaking please ?
John - This is John. Didn't recognize ?
Sophia - Oh John. How are you?
John - Fine. Can I speak to Tom ?
Sophia - Yes, just a minute. Hold on, please.
Tom- Hi John, Tom here.
John - Hi Tom, what's up?
Tom - Nothing special, just getting bored. Sitting at home, doing nothing.
John - So what about going to a movie?
Tom - Not a bad idea. Which movie ?
John - There is a new movie at Multiplex. I've read reviews of that movie also.
It's worth seeing.
Tom - OK. I'd love to see that. But what about the tickets ?
John - Don't worry about the tickets. I'll arrange them for the evening show.
Tom - That's great. When should we meet then?
John - Outside the Multiplex at 4 O'clock sharp.
Tom - Sure, I'll reach there on time.
John - See you then, bye.
Tom - Bye

• Debate

• Enactment of situations (performance of location )

2. Written

• Synonyms

• Antonyms

• Homophones.

1. know - no
2. bear - bare
3. heal - heel
4. made - maid
5. pair - pear
1. break - brake:

3. pair - pear:

1. fair - fare
2. buy - by
3. one - won
4. which - witch
5. two - too
6. no - know
7. here - hear
8. see - sea
9. there - their
10. hare - hair
11. nun - none
12. our - hour

• Replacing phrases with words and vice-versa

Replace a phrase with a word

AUGUST 19, 2015 -

Each sentence given below has an underlined part. Replace that underlined part with a
word that expresses the same idea and rewrite the sentence.

1. Even after the teacher entered the classroom, the boys went on playing.

2. He is in debt because of his habit of spending money wastefully.

3. The celebrations went on for a whole month.

4. His uncle is a famous designer of buildings.

5. The drunkard abused people without discrimination.

6. He spent most of his life abroad as one sent out of his country.

7. The country is passing through a critical phase.

8. Bacon’s essays are full of terse, witty, pointed statements.

9. If you lose your good name, it is not easy to get it back.

10. There was no famine in our country during the last twenty years.

11. The Mona Lisa is the best among the works of Leonardo da Vinci.

12. My friend had the special right or advantage of visiting England as the official guest
of the Queen.

Answers

1. Even after the teacher entered the classroom, the boys continued playing.

2. He is in debt because of his extravagance.

3. The celebrations lasted / continued for a whole month.

4. His uncle is a famous architect.

5. The drunkard abused people indiscriminately.

6. He spent most of his life abroad as an exile.

7. The country is passing through a crisis.

8. Bacon’s essays are full of epigrams.

9. If you lose your reputation, it is not easy to get it back.

10. There was no famine in our country during the last two decades.

11. The Mona Lisa is the masterpiece of Leonardo da Vinci.

12. My friend had the privilege of visiting England as the official guest of the Queen.

• Prefixes and suffixes.

refix Examples Meaning

de- decode, decrease from, down, away, reverse, opposite
dis- disagree, disappear not, opposite, reverse, away
ex- exhale, explosion out of, away from, lacking, former
il- illegal, illogical not
im- impossible, improper not, without
in- inaction, invisible not, without
mis- mislead, misplace bad, wrong
non- nonfiction, nonsense not
pre- prefix, prehistory before
pro- proactive, profess, program for, forward, before
re- react, reappear again, back
un- undo, unequal, unusual against, not, opposite

Suffix Meaning
-able able to, having the quality of com
-al relating to a
-er comparative b
-est superlative s
-ful full of be
 Suffix Meaning
-ible forming an adjective re
-ily forming an adverb eer
-ing denoting an action, a material, or a gerund a
-less without, not affected by fri
-ly forming an adjective
-ness denoting a state or condition kind
-y full of, denoting a condition, or a diminutive glo

• Idioms.

An apple of discord : (a cause of quarrel)

1.
Kashmir has been an apple of discord between India and Pakistan.
Apple-pie order : (completely arranged)
2.
To his surprise, the father found the house on her return in apple-pie order.
Apple of ones eye: (very beloved)
3.
My son is the apple of my eye.
Argus-eyed: (jealous)
4.
Be aware of argus-eyed people.
Have an axe to grind : (to have own interest to serve)
5.
Today politicians axe to grind to have political power.
Bad blood : (enmity)
6.
The two brothers are having bad blood over ancestral property.
A hear garden : (a place of noise and disturbance)
7.
Our street has become a bear garden these days.
 A bird’s eye view: (a general view)
8.
The speaker gave a bird’s eye view of the school conditions in the country.
Blue blood : (a person belonging to a high family)
9.
It is sad to know that even the children of blue blood are robbing the bank.
To bark up the wrong tree : (to criticise a wrong person or thing)
10.
Don’t bark up the wrong tree; everything is clear now.
To bask in the sunshine: (to enjoy a period of fame or fortune)
11.
The young cricketer is basking in the sunshine of newly found glory.
To bear the brunt: (to suffer the bad consequence)
12.
If you do something wrong, you will have to bear the brunt today or tomorrow.
To bear the palm : (to win)
13.
The Indian cricket team bore the palm easily.
A bolt from the blue : (an unexpected shock)
14.
The news of his father’s death was a bolt from the blue.
To beat about the bush : (to talk irrelevantly i.e., not to the point)
15.
Don’t beat about the bush, come to the matter now.
A beggar description : (to be beyond description)
16.
The India Gate at night is a beggar description.
To blow one’s own trumpet: (to boast about oneself)
17.
It is not good to blow one’s own trumpet.
To break the ice : (to start a conversation where everybody is silent)
18.
Now it’s my turn and I am going to break the ice.
To bring down the house: (to get a loud applause)
19.
The batting performance of Sachin Tendulkar brought down the house.
To bring to book : (to punish)
20.
He was brought to book for stealing the money.
To burn the candle at both ends: (to work very hard)
21.
Mr. Gavaskar is burning the candle at both ends to run his family.
A close shave : (narrow escape)
22.
A man had a close shave when the speeding truck brush-passed him.
Closed fisted : (miser)
23.
A closed fisted person always tries to compromise with even necessary spending.
24. A cock and bull story: (an unbelievable and stupid gossip)
 A thief tried to cheat people with a cock and bull story.
A cry in the wilderness : (a useless effort)
25.
Hitting a wall to break down with stick is a cry in the wilderness.
To call a spade a spade: (to speak the truth straightforward)
26.
A person who calls a spade a spade is respected everywhere.
To call it a day: (to stop the proceeding for the day)
27.
The match has been called it a day due to heavy rain.
To carry the day: (to win)
28.
The team carried the day against Pakistan in the final match.
To cast one’s net wide : (to try in various field)
29.
One who casts his net wide ends doing nothing.
To cast pearls before swine : (to do
30. something which people cannot understand)
The magicians act before the people were like to cast pearls before swine.
To catch a tartar: (to get an opponent who is fearsome)
31.
Initially he felt that he would win easily but shortly he realised that he had caught a tarta
To chew the cud : (to think deeply)
32.
Mohan, you must chew the cud before starting any business.
To come a crapper: (to fail miserably)
33.
The new plan of building a mall actually has come a crapper.
To come off age : (to mature)
34.
When you come off age, you will understand the truth of life.
To come out in flying colours : (to become very successful)
35.
Amitabh Bachhan has come out in flying colours in film industry.
To come to a head : (to turn into crisis)
36.
He never feels sorry until a problem comes to a head.
To cross swords: (to pick up a dispute)
37.
India and Pakistan have crossed swords on Kashmir.
To cry over spilt milk: (to repent over something that has been done and now cannot be
38. corrected)
To think of one’s mistakes done earlier and feel sorry about them is like crying over spilt
To cut a sorry figure: (to perform very poorly)
49.
Indian Hockey Team cut a sorry figure in the last match.
 To cut the Gordian Knot: (to solve a difficult problem)
40.
Taking out snake from the kitchen was like cutting the Gordian Knot.
Dutch courage: (the courage felt under intoxication)
41.
Dutch courage is needed for criminals to commit violence; they are coward otherwise.
To die in harness : (to die while still in job)
42.
Soldiers always wish to die in harness.
Easy virtue: (immoral)
43.
Western culture has equated easy virtue with morality.
To eat humble pie: (to suffer defeat or humiliation)
44.
Losing a declamation contest for him was just like eating humble pie.
Fair-weather friend : (a friend in happy days)
45.
During poor days your fair weather friend will leave you.
A feather in one’s cap : (another remarkable achievement)
46.
Scoring century against Pakistan was a feather in Rahul Dravid’s cap.
Flesh and blood : (human nature with its natural feelings)
47.
Harry is not the son of this family but still he is for this family from his flesh and blood.
A fly in the ointment: (someone who spoils enjoyment)
48.
The elders of the house usually prove for their youngsters a fly in the ointment.
French leave : (leave without permission)
49.
The government is planning strict action against French leave.
Few and far between : (rare)
50.
In every age real genius has been few and far between.
By fits and starts : (irregularly)
51.
Success never comes if you work by fits and starts.
To fight with one’s back to the wall: (to make a desperate attempt in a no-way-out situat
52.
In the closing few minutes, our team had its back to the wall but continued to fight galla
Gift of the gab : (Art of speech)
53.
A bad person always uses gift of the gab to deceive innocent people.
To get into hot water: (to be caught into trouble)
54.
I”ll get into hot water if I touch these open wires.
To get on one’s nerves : (to irritate)
55.
The media got on actor’s nerves with his personal questions.
56. To give someone a piece of one’s mind (to scold)
 The teacher gave student a piece of his mind for being absent for ten days.
Hush money: (bribe)
57.
To hush money is a crime.
Left-handed compliment: (criticism in the form of praise)
58.
Indian Cricket team is a bunch of individually talented players is a left-handed complime
Lion’s share : (unfairly the biggest part of something)
59.
Lion’s share in India’s income goes to debt-servicing.
Long and short: (summary)
60.
The long and short of every holy book is that man should speak the truth.
By leaps and bounds : (very rapidly)
61.
India is progressing by leaps and bounds.
Man of parts : (having great qualities)
62.
A man of parts always inspires others.
Man of straw : (man of no quality)
63.
A man of straw is not liked by anyone.
A moot point: (a matter that is undecided and open to discussion)
64.
Whether India should play against Pakistan or not is a moot point.
To make a clean breast of: (to tell the whole thing without concealing anything)
65.
The best way to relieve yourself of mental tension is to make a clean breast of yourself.
To make a mess of something : (to spoil)
66.
If you try to do many things soon, you will make a mess of everything.
To make a mountain of a molehill/To make much ado about nothing : (to exaggerate som
67. trivial)
Political business works upon the principal of making a mountain of a molehill.
To make both ends meet: (to sustain one’s life)
68.
It is very difficult for poor to make both ends meet.

• Jargons.

Examples of Medical Jargon

The medical field is filled with cryptic jargon, including innumerable scientific terms
and medical abbreviations.

 acute - a condition that comes on suddenly

  agonal - term to signify a major, negative change in a patient's condition
 atypical - something that isn’t completely normal
 comorbid - two or more conditions that occur at the same time
 iatrogenic - something that didn’t go as planned
 idiopathic - a condition that does not have a clear explanation of cause
 metabolic syndrome - a group of risk factors that increase the likelihood of heart attack and
stroke
 negative - results of a test that indicate a tested condition is not present
 sub-therapeutic - something at a low level
 tachycardia - fast heart rate

Business Jargon Examples

The business world is no stranger to lingo, including a range of industry-specific jargon. It won't
take more than a few minutes on Wall Street before you hear at least one of these terms being
thrown around.

 bang for the buck - a term that means to get the most for your money
 best practice - the best way to do something
 core competency - basic strength of a group or company
 due diligence - putting effort into research before making a business decision
 drill down - to look at a problem in detail
 low-hanging fruit - the easiest problems to fix
 scalable - an endeavor that can be expanded without a lot of additional investment
 sweat equity - getting a stake in the business instead of pay
 the 9-to-5 - business jargon meaning a standard work day
 chief cook and bottle-washer - a person who holds many responsibilities

Examples of Police Jargon

Law enforcement officers and professionals have their own set of police jargon as well.

 10-4 - radio jargon meaning, “Okay” or “I understand”

 assumed room temperature - an individual has died
 beat - an officer’s parole area
 berries and cherries - the lights on top of a police car
 code eight - term that means officer needs help immediately
 code eleven - a code that means the individual is at the scene of the crime
 mirandize - to read someone their rights
 Sam Browne - a police belt
 suspect - s person whom the police think may have committed a crime
 wolf pack - A group of patrol cars traveling together

• One words used as different parts of speech.

 Verb Noun Adjective
embitter bitterness bitter
educate education educative
advise advice advisable
be calm calmness calm
cheapen cheapness cheap
attract attraction attractive

• Phrasal verbs.

Exercises

Q. Underline the phrasal verbs in the following sentences.

1. You should call on your new neighbour.

2. Rhea has to give back the novels to the librarian today.
3. Our car had broken down before we reached the city.
4. You cannot win him over.
5. The family checked into the hotel to celebrate the New Year’s
eve.
Answer

1. You should call on your new neighbour.

2. Rhea has to give back the novels to the librarian today.
3. Our car had broken down before we reached the city.
4. You cannot win him over.
5. The family checked into the hotel to celebrate the New Year’s
eve.
Q. Fill in the blanks with the Phrasal verbs given in the box.

set in, set apart, set at, set aside, set off

1. The supreme court ___________ the decree of the lower court.

2. In Australia, winter ___________ the month of June.
3. The pilgrims ___________ in the evening.
4. In Delhi Metro, seats are ___________ for the women, aged,
and the handicapped.
5. The robbers ___________ the poor traveller.
Answer

1. set aside
2. set in
3. set off
4. set apart
5. set at