THE STORM DRAIN AND TRAPS

OF PLUMBING FIXTURES
DACANAY, AIRA
DOROMAL, JEFEFRSON
THE STORM DRAIN
 WHAT IS STORM DRAIN

STORM DRAINS ARE SPECIALIZED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO HANDLE AN
EXCESS OF WATER AS A RESULT OF FLOODING OR HEAVY RAINFALL. THEY ARE FREQUENTLY
FOUND IN MAJOR CITIES, ESPECIALLY IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS.
 HISTORY OF STORM DRAIN

IN 1922, THE FIRST SEPARATE STORM DRAIN SYSTEM

WAS BUILT, INITIALLY IN NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND
NEAR LAKES TO PREVENT POLLUTION AND FLOODING
AT THESE LAKES, BUT THE OLDER AREAS WERE STILL
SERVED BY COMBINED SEWERS. BRICK CONSTRUCTION
WAS REPLACED BY REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE AROUND
1930.
WHERE DOES
STORMWATER GO?
• STORM WATER FLOWS TO STORM
DRAINS ALONG THE STREETS.
• IT MAY CARRY SOIL, PET WASTE,
OIL, PESTICIDES AND OTHER POLLUTANTS
• THIS POLLUTED RUN OF GOES TO
STEAM AND LAKES.
 FUNCTION OF STORM DRAIN

STORM DRAINS ARE THE METAL GRATES THAT ARE

FOUND ON STREETS, OFTEN AT CORNERS AND ON
THE SIDES OF CURBS AND GUTTERS. THE PURPOSE OF
THE STORM DRAIN IS TO HELP PREVENT FLOODING
BY DIVERTING RAINWATER AND MELTED SNOW OFF
OF THE STREETS AND OTHER PAVED SURFACES AND
INTO A NATURAL BODY OF WATER.
THE CITIES HAVE TWO SEPARATE WATER
COLLECTION SYSTEMS:
SANITARY SEWER
- THE SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM COLLECTS
WASTEWATER FROM SINKS, TOILETS,
SHOWERS AND WASHING MACHINES THAT
IS TRANSPORTED THROUGH PIPES AND
FLOWS TO TREATMENT PLANTS.
STP (SEWAGE TRATMENT PLANT)
STORM DRAIN
- STORM DRAINS CARRY WATER THAT
REMAINS UNTREATED, DIRECTLY INTO WASHES,
PARKS AND RIVERS.
 INLETS STORM DRAIN

• STORM WATER INLETS MAY BE CATEGORIZED INTO 3 TYPES:

• CURB INLETS
• GUTTER INLETS
• COMPOSITE INLTES

• CURB INLETS
- THESE ARE VERTICAL OPENINGS IN THE ROAD
CURBS THROUGH WITCH THE STORM WATER FLOWS
 INLETS STORM DRAIN

• GUTTER INLETS
- HORIZONTAL OPENINGS IN THE GUTTER

• COMPOSITE INLETS
- COMBINATION OF BOTH CURB AND GUTTER INLETS
 STORM DRAIN MEASUREMENT INLETS

• THE INLET IS A BOX OF CONCRETE OR A BRICK

MASONRY WITH THE CLEAR OPENNING NOT
MORE THE 25MM
• MAXIMUM SPACING DEPENDS ON THE ROAD
SURFACE, IT VARIES BETWEEN 30 TO 60M
TRAPS OF PLUMBING FIXTURES
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

• TRAP — IT IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT THE BACK FLOW OF GASES COMING FROM SEPTIC
TANK OR SEWER LINE PASSING THROUGH THE OUTLET OF THE FIXTURE. THESE GASES ARE
IDENTIFIED AS HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN SULFIDE OR CARBON DIOXIDE AND EVEN A SMALL
AMOUNT OF CARBON MONOXIDE CONSIDERED DANGEROUS TO HUMAN HEALTH.
• THE BASIC FUNCTION OF TRAP IN A DRAINAGE SYSTEM IS TO PREVENT THOSE OBJECTIONABLE
GASES FROM ENTERING THE PLUMBING SYSTEM.
• THE COLUMN OF WATER THAT IS RETAINED BETWEEN THE OVERFLOW AND THE DIP OF THE
TRAP IS CALLED TRAP SEAL OR SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS WATER SEAL.
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

WATER SEALED P-TRAP IS CLASSIFIED INTO TWO

1.) THE COMMON SEAL
2.) THE DEEP SEAL

• THE COMMON SEAL P-TRAP HAS 5 CENTIMETERS DEEP WATER SEAL BETWEEN THE OVERFLOW
AND THE DIP, THAT WILL OFFER RESISTANCE AGAINST ABNORMAL CONDITIONS.
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

• THE DEEP SEAL P-TRAP HAS FROM 7.5 TO 10 CENTIMETERS COLUMN OF LIQUID CONTENT
BETWEEN THE OVERFLOW AND THE DIP. THIS TRAP MAY BE USED UNDER NORMAL CONDITION,
BUT IT IS PURPOSELY DESIGNED FOR ABNORMAL SITUATIONS SUCH AS:

• EXTREME HEAT CONDITION IN THE AREA.

• INCREASE AND DECREASE OF ATMOSPHERIC
CONDITION.
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

• RE-SEAL IS A TERM USED TO THE SPECIFIC PRINCIPLE THAT WATER AT REST TENDS TO SEEK A LEVEL
AND MAINTAIN IT. WHEN THE LIQUID CONTENT OF DEEP SEAL IS DISTURBED, THE WATER TENDS TO
LEVEL ITSELF SUFFICIENTLY TO SEAL THE TRAP EVEN PARTIALLY.
• THE P-TRAP IS THE MOST COMMON AND PRACTICAL SHAPE AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS SIZES FROM 32
MM TO 50MM DIAMETER. THESE ARE COMMON SIZES FOR FIXTURES THAT ARE SUSPENDED FROM
WALLS OR SUPPORTED ON A PEDESTAL SUCH AS:
• LAVATORIES
• SINKS
• SHOWER BATH WITH LESS AMOUNT OF WATER DISCHARGE
• URINALS
• DRINKING FOUNTAIN
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

PERMISIBBLE TYPE OF TRAPS

• THE P-TRAP
• THE DRUM TRAP

OTHER TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS

• STAND TRAP
• BRASS TRAP
• HIGH HUB TRAP
• LOW HUB TRAP
• EXTRA HEAVY TYPE
• SINK OR LAVATORY TYPE
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

OBJECTIONABLE TRAPS THAT ARE FOUND DEFECTIVE

• THE FULL SIZE S AND THE ¾ S TRAPS
• THE BAG TRAPS
• MECHANICALLY SEALED TRAPS
• LIGHT METAL PARTITION TRAPS
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE ON P-TRAP INSTALLATION PROVIDES THAT:

1.) ALL TRAPS SHALL BE SELF-CLEANING. THAT IS, CAPABLE OF BEING COMPLETELY FLUSHED EACH TIME THE TRAP OPERATES
AND NO SEDIMENTS WILL REMAIN INSIDE TO DECOMPOSE.
2.) P-TRAP SHALL BE INSTALLED AS NEAR THE FIXTURE AS PRACTICAL NOT TO REQUIRE TOO LONG VERTICAL LEG BETWEEN
THE TRAP AND FIXTURE PROPER
3.) P-TRAP SHALL BE INSTALLED WITHIN 60 CENTIMETERS OF THE FIXTURE IT SERVE. IT SHALL BE ACCESSIBLE FOR CLEANING
THROUGH THE BOTTOM OPENING CLOSED BY A SCREW PLUG.
4.) ALL TRAPS ARE SUBJECT TO STOPPAGE, HENCE, SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH CLEANOUT SO DESIGNED THAT COULD BE
ASSEMBLED AND DISASSEMBLED WITH LITTLE COMFORTS.
5.) OVERFLOW PIPE FROM FIXTURE SHALL BE CONNECTED TO THE INLET SIDE OF THE TRAP. 6.) THE FOLLOWING FIXTURES
ARE EXCEPTION TO THE RULE:
• TWO LAUNDRY TRAYS AND A KITCHEN SINK CONNECTED TO A SINGLE TRAP.
• NOT MORE THAN 3 LAUNDRY TRAY USING ONE TRAP.
• THREE LAVATORIES ON A SINGLE TRAP.
 TRAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES

DRUM TRAP IS ALSO CLASSIFIED AS A WATER SEAL DEVICE. THE NAME WAS DERIVED FROM ITS
SIZE BEING LARGE IN DIAMETER.
1.) DRUM TRAP IS INTENDED FOR FIXTURES THAT ARE SET ON THE FLOOR LIKE BATHTUB, FOOT AND SITZ
BATH, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIXTURES. (INSERT PICTURE OF DRUM TRAP )
2.) DRUM TRAP IS USED ON FIXTURES THAT DISCHARGES SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF WATER.
3.) DRUM TRAP CAN ALSO SERVE AS TERMINAL FOR SODA FOUNTAIN, BAR WASTES AND ANY TYPE OF
INDIRECT WASTE.
4.) DRUM TRAP HAS TWO TYPES:
A.) THE 100 MM X 125 MM AND
B.) THE 100 MM X 200 MM
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE

ADVANTAGES
1.) GREATER AMOUNT OF WATER MAY PASS THROUGH IT IN A SHORTER INTERVAL WITHOUT THE
DANGER OF TRAP SEAL LOSS.
2.) IT HAS A HIGHER RESEALING QUALITY THAN THE P-TRAP.
DISADVANTAGES
1.) IT IS UNSIGHTLY IF THE INSTALLATION IS EXPOSED TO VIEW.
2.) CLEANOUT COVER MECHANISM IS ABOVE THE WATER SEAL.
3.) TO CLEAN THE DRUM TRAP NEEDS LUBRICANT AND A FIBER WASHER AT THE JOINT BETWEEN THE
COVER AND THE BODY OF THE TRAP.
 NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE ON TRAPS

• PROVIDES THAT EVERY TRAP SHALL BE SELF-CLEANING. TRAPS FOR BATH TUBS, LAVATORIES, SINKS AND OTHER SIMILAR FIXTURES SHALL
BE OF EITHER LEAD, BRASS, CAST IRON, GALVANIZED, PORCELAIN OR PLASTIC.
• TRAPS WHERE REQUIRED EACH FIXTURE SHALL BE SEPARATELY TRAPPED BY A WATER SEALED TRAP PLACED AS POSSIBLE TO THE FIXTURE.
• SECTION 56. TRAPS, KIND, AND MINIMUN SIZE OF RECOMMENDED MINIMUN REQUIREMENTS STATE THAT EVERY TRAP SHALL BE SELF-
CLEANING. TRAPS FOR BATHTUBS, LAVATORIES, SINKS AND OTHER SIMILAR FIXTURES SHALL BE MADE OF LEAD, BRASS, CAST IRON, OR
OF MALLEABLE IRON GALVANIZED.
• TRAPS SHALL HAVE A FULL BORE SMOOTH INTERIOR WATERWAY, WITH THREADS OF SOLID MATERIALS OF THE SAME KIND.
• ALL TRAPS ARE SUBJECT TO STOPPAGE. HENCE, MUST BE PROVIDED WITH A CLEANOUT, OR SO DESIGNED THAT THEY CAN BE
DISASSEMBLED WITH LITTLE COMFORT.
• PLUMBING SYSTEM THAT IS WELL CONSTRUCTED CANNOT BE DEPENDED UPON TO GIVE SATISFACTORY SERVICE OVER A LONG
PERIOD. THEREFORE, THE INSTALLATION MUST BE POSITIVE, AND REMAIN SO DURING ITS EXPECTED LIFE TO BE EFFECTIVE.