Contents

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1.1      Definitions
H 17
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1.2      Human Rights and Indian 19
Constitution
1.3      Human Rights and Indian Women 22
1.4      Aims and objectives of the research 26

1.5      Hypothesis and the Research 27

problem   
1.6      Research design and methodology 29

1.7      Relevance, importance and utility of 30

the study
1.8      Research work carried out by the 31
researcher
1.9      Rationale for the study on Women’s 32
Rights as Human Right
1.10      The Chapter scheme 34
1.11      Details included in the chapters 35

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2.1    2.1.1 Human Rights: A Reality’s Idea 45
2.1.2    Nature and Source of Human Rights 47

2.1.3    The Concept of Human Rights 47

2.2    2.2.1 H 49
2.2:2    Human Development 51
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2.2:3    Sustainable Development 2.2:4    Meaning of 53
Sustainable Development 55
2.3    2.3:1    The Collective Rights of People 57

Human Rights and Children and 2.3:2 58

Youth
Human Rights of Differently- Abled 2.3:3 61
Persons
2.3:4    Human Rights and Women 63
2.3:5    Human Rights and Aged Persons 69
2.3:6    Human Rights and Discrimination 70
2.3:7             Human Rights and Education 71
2.3:8    Human Rights and Environment 72
2.3:9    Human Rights and Food 73
2.3:10    Human Rights and Health 74
2.3:11       Human Rights and Housing 75

Human      Rights and Livelihood and 76

2.3:12
Land
2.3:13 Human Rights and Water 78
2.3:14    Human Rights and Pure Air 81
2.3:15    Human Rights and Poverty 84
2.3:16    Human Rights and Religion 85
2.3:17    Human Rights and Work    85

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3.1    3..1.1 88
3.1.2    Historical Outline of Human Rights 90
3.1.3    Ancient Times and Natural Rights    90 3.1.4
Natural Law & Natural Rights    91
3.1.5 94
3.1.6    The Reformation    96
3.1.7 98
3.1.8 99
3.1.9    The United States Bill of Rights 99
3.1.10 H
Nation 101
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3.1.11 The Universal Declaration of 103
Human Rights
3.2    3.2.1    Theories of Human Rights 105
3.2.2    The Theory of Natural Rights 106
3.2.3    The Legal Theory of Rights 108
3.2.4    The Socialist Theory of Rights    109 3.2.5    The
Idealist Theory of Rights    109 3.2.6    The Historical
Theory of Rights    110 3.2.7    The Contract Theory
111
3.3    3.3.1 112
 3.3.2 Right to Happiness 113
3.3.3 Duty Based Rights 115
3.3.4 Right to Equality 117
3.3.5 Duty of State to Give Equal 118
Protection
3.3.6 Right to Education 119 3.3.7    Right to
Protection    121 3.3.8    Right to Practice Any Religion
124
3.3.9 125
3.3.10    Right to Social Security    128
3.3.11 130

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4      The Indian Constitution and 132
Protection of Human Rights
4.1      The UDHR and UN Charter’s 134
Relevance in Indian Constitution
4.2      Protection of Human Rights and The 136
Directive Principles of State Policy
4.3      Article 21 of Indian Constitution: A 145
Tool For Human Dignity
4.4      Judicial Activism and Human Rights 151

4.5      Judiciary and Directive Principles 157

4.6      Public Interest Litigation and 163

Human Rights Protection
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4.7      JDemocracy 168
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4.8      Judicial Activism & Constitutional 172
4.9      Interpretation for Human Rights

Contribution of Justice P.N. 174

Bhagwati to The Protection of
 4.10      Judiciary’s Role in Gender Justice 189

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5      Human Rights Education in India 200
5.1      Historical Basis of Human Rights 200
Education
5.2      Human Right Education: Meaning 206
5.3      Importance of Human Rights 209
Education
5.4      Recognition of Human Rights 211
Education By The Judiciary
5.5      World Summits On Human Rights 212
Education:
5.6      The National action plan for Human 220
Rights Education.
5.7      Human Rights Education As A 223
Human Right
5.8      The Goal of Human Rights 225
Education

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6      Human Rights Of Women 234
6.1    6.1.1Evolution Of Women’s Rights As 235
Human Rights
6.1.2    Women’s Rights As Human Rights 239
6.1.3    Discrimination on The Basis of Sex 241
Convention on Elimination of All
6.1.4         Forms of Discrimination Against 242
Women

6.1.5    Protection of Women’s Rights 244

6.2    6.2.1    Gender Equality 245
Indian Social Structure And Gender 6.2.2 249
Equality
Recognition of Women’s Right As 6.2.3 250
Human Rights
6.2.4    Role of The Supreme Court of India 251
6.2.5    EQUALITY And REALITY 253
Gender Equality In Public 6.2.6 256
Employment
Recognition of Personhood As A 6.2.7 267
Human Right
6.2.8         Right To Privacy 268
6.2.9         Test For Paternity 270
Personal Laws And Human Rights 6.3    272
6.3.1
of Women
Discrimination Against Women In 6.3.2 276
Personal Laws
6.3.3    Uniform Civil Code And Marriage 278
6.3.4    Divorce And Personal Laws 280

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 6.3.5    Personal Laws And Inheritance 283
6.3.6 LawsM 286
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6.3.7 Uniform Civil Code: Need For 288
Asserting Equality
6.4    6.4.1 298
6.4.2    Dowry Related Violence 299
6.4.3    Domestic Violence 301
Rape As A Violation of Human 6.4.4 305
Right of A Woman
Sexual Harassment And Human 6.4.5 308
Rights of    Women
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7 Conclusions and Suggestions 3
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