Instruction Manual

TEMPERATURE CONTROL
TRAINER
 TEMPERATURE CONTROL TRAINER

Description:-

Temperature control trainer is designed for understanding the basic temperature control
principles. The process setup consists of heating tank fitted with SSR controlled heater for
on-line heating of the water. The flow of water can be manipulated and measured by
rotameter. Temperature sensor (RTD) is usedfor temperature sensing. The process parameter
(Temperature) is controlled by microprocessor based digital indicating controller which
manipulates heat input to the process. These units along with necessary piping and fitting are
mounted on support frame designed for tabletop mounting. The controller can be connected
to computer throughUSBport for monitoring the process in SCADA mode.
EXPERIMENT NO 2:- Study of proportional controller

Aim: To study the behavior of proportional controller

Objectives: To determine the offset and observe the behavior of proportional controller at
different set point and different load

Procedure:
● Firstly set the flow rate between 0 to 0.5 LPM.
● Keep the set point to 40%. (Set point should be 10% more than inlet water
temperature).
● Adjust P value, and put I, D zero at that time so as to match the process valuewith set
point. Adjust the proportional band.
● Apply step change to set point, step change should be of 2 to 3 % and observe the
response.
● Increase or decrease the value of proportional band. Obtain a new response of the step
change. Ensure that the set point changes are around the same operating point (@
2-3% only).
● Using trial and error approach, find a value of proportional band so that the response
to a step change has at most one overshoot and one undershoot.

Observations:
● Observe the effect of very low proportional band values (system works in oscillatory
mode).
● Observe the response of the system to load change. Load change can be given by
slightly varying the inlet flow rate.
● With P only controller Offset is observed
● As Proportional band is reduced the offset value is reduced.
● At low Proportional band process oscillates.
● Note the time taken to first reach the set point.
● Note the time taken to reach first maximum value.
● Note the time taken to reach first minimum value.
● Note the time taken to reach ultimate value.

Plots: plot the time vs. temperature curve at different set point once by keeping the load
constant and then plot at different load at constant set point

S.No Time (min) Temperature (°C)

EXPERIMENT NO 3:- Study of proportional integral controller

Aim: To study the behavior of proportional integral controller

Objectives: To eliminate the offset and observe the behavior of proportional integral
controller at different set point and different load

Procedure:

● Firstly set the flow rate between 0 to 0.5 LPM.

● Adjust the process value by changing the output of controller to a particular
temperature (set point =40%).
● Set the proportional band estimated from Proportional control (from previous
experiment)
● Start with derivative time=0 and change the proportional and integral time, which will
cut off the derivative reaction and widen the effect of integral action.
● Change the value of P and I simultaneously to stable the measured value at set point.
● Allow the process to reach at steady state. Record the steady state error.
● When the measured value become stable at set point then gives step changes to the set
point.
● Using trial and error, find out an integral time, which gives satisfactory response to
the step change in set point.

Observations:
● Observe the effect of reducing integral time on offset and on the response of the
process. Note the time taken to first reach the set point.
● Adding integral action in control helps in eliminating offset.
● At lower values of Integral time process shows oscillatory response.
● Note the time taken to reach first maximum value.
● Note the time taken to reach first minimum value.
● Note the time taken to reach ultimate value.

Plots: plot the time vs. temperature curve at different set point once by keeping the load
constant and then plot at different load at constant set point

S.No Time (min) Temperature (°C)

EXPERIMENT NO 4:- Study of proportional integral derivative controller

Aim: To study the behavior of proportional integral derivative controller

Objectives: To eliminate the offset and oscillation and observe the behavior of proportional
integral derivative controller at different set point and different load

Procedure:
● Firstly set the flow rate between 0 to 0.5 LPM.
● Change the proportional band to the value that estimated in proportional controller.
Set integral time based on the responses in previous experiments.
● When steady state achieves then give step input to the set point.
● Change the proportional band, integral time, derivative time and observe the response
ofthe process for step change for each change in setting.

Observations
● Compare the steady state response of the PID controller with P, PI and PD controller
obtained in the previous experiments.
● Note the time taken to first reach the set point.
● Note the time taken to reach first maximum value.
● Note the time taken to reach first minimum value.
● Note the time taken to reach ultimate value.

Plots: plot the time vs. temperature curve at different set point once by keeping the load
constant and then plot at different load at constant set point

S.No Time (min) Temperature (°C)

Final Report:
It must include
1) Aim/Objective
2) Block diagram of Setup
5) Observation
6) Tables
7) Graphs
8) Result & discussion
9) Conclusion
Post Lab questions:

1. What is response time and rise time?

2. What is offset?
3. Why derivative mode is not used alone?
4. What are the advantages of PI controller?
5. What are the drawbacks of P controller?
6. What are the transfer functions of P, PI, PID controller?