DISTRIBUTED

DATABASE
SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. NAFEES
SUBMITTED BY:059, 086, 097
DATABASE

■ A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically

stored electronically in a computer system.
■ The data in the database s stored in the rows and columns in a series of the
table.
■ The data can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled,
and organized.
■ Most databases use structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying
data.
Database Management System
(DBMS)
■ A DBMS is a software that serves as an interface between an end-user and
database.
■ The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create,
retrieve, update and manage data.
Examples :
■ Oracle (Relational database management system)
■ My SQL
Types of Database

■ The types of the database are as follows.

1. Centralized database
2. Decentralized database
3. Distributed Data base
Centralized Database

■ Centralized database system is the system in which all the data is stored and
managed in a single unit.
■ All the data and information are stored in single centralized database
management system (Single central unit).
■ There is no duplication or irrelevant data stored in this management system.
■ All connected computer has the access to central computer for their query
processing and requirement.
■ Numbers of the computer can be added and linked with the database.(Scalable)
Centralized Database
De_centralized Database

■ A decentralized database does not have a central owner or a single authority.

■ The entire data is spread across multiple servers and controlled by several
nodes or users.
■ This is opposite of the centralized database system.
■ This is more fault tolerant.
Decentralized Database
Problems in centralized Database

■ Bottle neck
■ If number of requests increasee the system slow down
■ Less reliability
■ Longer access time to user who are far from the server
■ One Failure cause the whole Data loss
Problems in Decentralized Database

■ Inconsistant performance when the system is not properly is optimized

■ This database require high maintanance cost
■ Security and privacy risk to users
Reason why the Distributed database needed:
■ The distributed database needed to overcome the problems of the centralized
database and the decentralized database.
Distributed Database

■ A distributed database represents multiple interconnected databases spread out

across several sites connected by a network.
■ All the sites must be logically interrelated with each other and about to sprread
physically.
■ This represent the organizational structure. Where data is distributed among
several points and connected to each other through the communication network.
■ This database is combination of both central and decentralized database
CHARACTERISTICS

■ All sites are interconnected.

■ Fragments can be replicated.
■ Logically related shared data can be collected.
■ Data at each and every site is controlled by the DBMS.
■ Network independent, operating system independent.
■ Hardware independent
■ Distributed transaction management.