Kamias (Averrohoa bilimbi Linn.

) Fruit Supplementation for Growth

Performance of Broiler

A capstone project presented to the faculty and staff of Feliciano

Yusay Consing National High School as a requirement for Research

Report subject for academic year 2021-2022.

Name of Researchers:

Trixie B. Arcangel

John Fer Banico

Lyka Mae Berbaño

Raul Buhayan

Klean Ann dela Cruz

Mariel Joy B. Guillermo

Joshua B. Jequinto

Lislie Paracruz

Jeland Paul D. Valiente

Ms. Noemi D. Denosta

Research Adviser
ABSTRACT

Acidification of diets with organic acids found in the Kamias fruit

( Averrhoa bilimbi) to decrease the colonization of gut microflora

resulting to increase in feed consumption and weight gain of the

broiler , the search for alternative growth promotants with organic

acids for poultry is on-going. The experiment is conducted to

evaluate the potential effect of kamias fruit as food

supplementation to enhance the growth of broiler. It was conducted

using Completely Randomized Design (CTD) with 20% of Kamias fruit

(KFS) in 80% of drinking water, 40% of Kamias fruit (KFS) in 60% of

drinking water, 60% of kamias fruit (KFS) in 40% of drinking water,

80% of Kamias Fruit (KFS) in 20% of drinking water. Results showed

that dilution of kamias fruit (KFS) lowered the pH in the drinking

water of broiler. Inclusion of kamias fruit (KFS) in the drinking

water promoted significant increase in average feed consumption of

the average weight gain of broiler.

INTRODUCTION

High levels of production and efficient feed conversion are the

need of the modern broiler industry which to a certain extent could

be achieved. This has given impetus to continued search for new feed

additives, alternative feed ingredients and growth enhancers that

could increase rate of growth and level of production in a least

production cost and safer foods. Over the past few years, experts in

the poultry industry have given the use of acidifier in a closer

scrutiny. Putting weak acids in poultry feed and drinking water in

many cases appears to have beneficial effects.

 Kamias fruit(Averrhoabilimbi Linn.) is a medicinal plant

belonging to the family oxalidaceae. The genus Averrhoa was named

after an Arab philosopher physician and Islamic Jurist Rushd often

known as Averroes(1126-98). Averrhoabilimbi,(as averroes) Linn is a

small tree which grows up to 15m high with sparesely arranged

branches. It has compound leaves with twenty-forty leaflets each and

5-10 cm long.

Broiler is any chicken that is bred and raised specifically for

meat production. Most commercial broiler reach slaughter which

between four and seven weeks of age, although slowing growing breeds

reach slaughter weight at approximately 14 weeks of age. Typical

broilers have white feathers and yellowish skin.

The kamias fruit extract featured broilers to increase in feed

consumption and gain weight.That is, from the search for alternative

growth promotants with oragnic acids for poultry is on-going. This

emphasized that the experiment was conducted to evaluate the

potential of kamias fruit extract as supplement to the drinking

water to enhance the growth performance of broiler.

Since kamias fruit extract required broilers to conduct

research to achieve the results, problems arose when these concepts

were banned by the European Union(2006) to used additives in animal

nutrition because of the growing concern over the transmission and

proliferation of resistant bacteria via the food chain.

In addition, this resulted to the antibiotic growth promoters

finding it difficult to conduct a research to broilers. Thus, there

aroused the need for alternative strategies to minimize the risk of

spreading antibiotic resistance from animals to human via food

chain. And in the end, researchers found an alternative which has

showed some potential in this regard organic acids because organic

acids and their salts are generally regarded as safe(GRAS) and have

been approved by most member states of the EU to be used as feed

additives in animal

production.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to use kamias fruit as a supplementation for

the growth performance of a broiler.

More specifically this study sought to:

1. Determine what vitamins are present on kamias fruit.

2. Determine how the kamias fruit supplementation affect the

growth of broiler.

3. Determine what happened to the broiler after taking kamias

fruit supplementation.

4. Testify the safetiness of using kamias fruit as a supplement

for the growth of broiler.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be essential and a great benefit

to the following:

Backyard raisers. Backyard raisers will benefit greatly from this

research. They will be able to obtain a chemical-free egg with the

help of kamias, which is commonly available and can be acquired

almost anywhere. Provide solutions to the issues that arise when

rearing chickens. Produce high quality meat and nutrient-dense eggs.

Revenue for backyard poultry raisers that want to start a business.

Poultry Owners. The outcome of this study will be beneficial to

poultry owners. It will provide a solution to the challenges

encountered in the poultry business, particularly in the growth

performance of chicken. It will benefit the poultry owners in terms

of income in relation to the weight and appearance of the chickens

and will produce high quality eggs and meat in response to the

rising demand for chicken in the market.

Consumers. When it comes to nutritional factors, this study will be

beneficial to consumers. It will supply them with nutritious eggs

and meat for personal consumption.

Future Researchers. The study's findings will be useful to the

future researchers. This study will be utilized as a resource for

researchers working on similar topics. Also, to give knowledge about

the difficulties faced in egg and chicken meat production caused by

the poor growth performance of chickens and provide solution in such

setting.

METHODOLOGY

The researchers used experimental method in conducting the

study. Experimental method involves manipulating one variable to

determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another

variable. This method relies on controlled methods, random

assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis

(Cherry 2019). In this study, the researchers used kamias fruit as a

supplementation for the growth of broiler.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted in the municipality of Pres. Roxas,

Capiz, Philippines. Specifically at Brgy. Pantalan President Roxas,

Capiz in the School Year 2019-2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collection of Materials

The Broading Pen, Rearing Pen, Graduated Cylinder, digital pen-

type pH Meter and electrolytes were gathered from the school

laboratory of Feliciano Yusay Consing National High School located

at Brgy. Poblacion President Roxas, Capiz. The electric writing,

improvised heater, bamboo slots, and newpaper were purchased at the

Public Market of President Roxas, Capiz. The kamias fruit were

gathered from localities around Poblacion, President Roxas, Capiz.

All of the materials were purchased and gathered by the researchers.

Preparation of Materials

The study was conducted ast Brgy. Pantalan President Roxas,

Capiz. Kamias Fruit were extracted and pulverized. All of the

materials were used to conduct the study.

RESULTS

Table 1. Average weight gain as affected by different levels of

kamias fruit on the growth performance of broiler.

Treatment Average mean weight

gain (kg)
20% kamias fruit and 0.4451
80% drinking water
40% kamias fruit and 0.4843
60% drinking water
60% kamias fruit and 0.5201
40% drinking water
80% kamias fruit and 0.6695
20% drinking water
p-value 0.015*
CV%
*p-value<0.05-significant

**p-value<0.01-highly significant

Table 2. Weight gain of broiler for 20 days using the treatment of

20% kamias fruit and 80% drinking water.
Days Chicken
1 2 3 4 5
1 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06
2 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07
3 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.07
4 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.09
5 0.1 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.09
6 0.2 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.09
7 0.2 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.1
8 0.3 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.1
9 0.5 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.3
10 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.3
11 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
12 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
13 0.9 0.27 0.46 0.4 0.47
14 1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5
15 1.05 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6
16 1.07 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8
17 1.08 1.07 0.8 0.8 0.9
18 1.1 1.09 0.9 0.9 1
19 1.3 1.1 0.9 1 1.1
20 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5
Mean 0.6545 0.3890 0.3805 0.3595 0.4420
Total mean=0.4451
Table 3. Weight gain of broiler for 20 days using the treatment of
40% kamias fruit and 60% drinking water.
1 2 3 4 5
1 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.08
2 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.09
3 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.1
4 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.14
5 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.09 0.17
6 0.09 0.1 0.15 0.09 0.21
7 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.29
8 0.2 0.18 0.27 0.18 0.35
9 0.25 0.2 0.31 0.25 0.4
10 0.3 0.3 0.38 0.3 0.49
11 0.35 0.35 0.47 0.33 0.55
12 0.45 0.4 0.52 0.37 0.6
13 0.5 0.51 0.6 0.45 0.7
14 0.7 0.53 0.71 0.5 0.73
15 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8
16 0.85 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.82
17 0.9 0.9 0.95 0.9 0.89
18 1 1.1 1 0.97 0.9
19 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1
20 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.27 1.2
Mean 0.4885 0.4710 0.5030 0.4335 0.5255
Total mean=0.4843

Table 4. Weight gain of broiler for 20 days using the treatment of

60% kamias fruit and 40% drinking water.
1 2 3 4 5
1 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06
2 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07
3 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07
4 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09
5 0.9 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.1
6 0.9 0.09 0.1 0.25 0.15
7 0.1 0.09 0.18 0.3 0.28
8 0.17 0.1 0.2 0.31 0.35
9 0.21 0.19 0.3 0.4 0.4
10 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.41 0.5
11 0.36 0.28 0.45 0.5 0.55
12 0.42 0.36 0.51 0.55 0.6
13 0.51 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.67
14 0.59 0.55 0.8 0.67 0.71
15 0.65 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8
16 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9
17 0.8 0.9 1 1 1
18 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
19 1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4
20 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6
Mean 0.5045 0.4240 0.5310 0.5645 0.5765
Total mean= 0.5201
Table 5. Weight gain of broiler for 20 days using the treatment of
80% kamias fruit and 20% drinking water.
1 2 3 4 5
1 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.1
2 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.15
3 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.1 0.17
4 0.2 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.25
5 0.25 0.2 0.1 0.25 0.26
6 0.3 0.27 0.15 0.25 0.3
7 0.4 0.35 0.2 0.4 0.4
8 0.45 0.4 0.25 0.5 0.47
9 0.57 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5
10 0.63 0.6 0.5 0.67 0.53
11 0.71 0.71 0.53 0.71 0.6
12 0.8 0.75 0.6 0.77 0.69
13 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.79 0.73
14 1 0.9 0.8 0.85 0.8
15 1.1 1 1 0.9 0.9
16 1.2 1.3 1.1 1 1
17 1.21 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2
18 1.24 1.52 1.21 1.3 1.4
19 1.5 1.53 1.3 1.5 1.7
20 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.51 1.8
Mean 0.6590 0.7195 0.5925 0.6790 0.6975
Total mean= 0.6695
DISCUSSION

Table 1 shows the data of the average mean weight gain (AWG)of
broilers with kamias fruit supplementation (KFS) in different level
per treatment ranging 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% diluted to drinking
water. The data showed highly significant difference among
treatments with p-value=0.000 and p-value=0.015
Table 2 shows the difference in weight gain of broilers for 20
days with the treatment of 20% kamias fruit supplementation (KFS)
and 80% drinking water (DW). The weight gain for 20 days of chicken
1 is 0.6545, chicken2=0.3890, chicken3=0.3805, chicken4=0.3595, and
chicken5=0.4420. The total mean for the first treatment is 0.4451.
Table 3 shows the difference in weight gain of broilers for 20
days with the treatment of 40% kamias fruit supplementation (KFS)
and 60% drinking water (DW). The weight gain for 20 days of chicken
1 is 0.4885, chicken2=0.4710, chicken3=0.5030, chicken4=0.4335, and
chicken5=0.5255. The total mean for the second treatment is 0.4843.
Table 4 shows the difference in weight gain of broilers for 20
days with the treatment of 60% kamias fruit supplementation (KFS)
and 40% drinking water (DW). The weight gain for 20 days of chicken
1 is 0.5045, chicken2=0.4240, chicken3=0.5310, chicken4=0.5645, and
chicken5=0.5765. The total mean for the first treatment is 0.5201.
 Table 5 shows the difference in weight gain of broilers for 20
days with the treatment of 80% kamias fruit supplementation (KFS)
and 20% drinking water (DW). The weight gain for 20 days of chicken
1 is 0.6590, chicken2=0.7195, chicken3=0.5925, chicken4=0.6790, and
chicken5=0.6975. The total mean for the first treatment is 0.6695.
The data is acquired by tracking the growth of broilers for 20
days and then noting their weight gain to see if there has been any
progress. The researchers computed all of the data collected after
20 days of testing. The experiment was carried out in one of the
researchers' homes to ensure the supervision of the test subjects.
The data was tabulated using a comparable method. Broilers
supplemented with the highest level of KFS diluted in drinking water
were found to have more feed consumption and weight gain. Based on
the tabulated data, the highest weight gain achieved of broiler is
in treatment 4 (80%KFS and 20%DW, mean=0.6695).

CONCLUSION
The researchers were able to conduct the experiment that high

levels of production and efficient feed conversion are the need of

the modern broiler industry which to a certain extent could be

achieved. The research found out that acidification of diets with

organic acids found to decrease the colonization of gut microflora

resulting in an increase in feed consumption and weight gain of the

animal. The result in the conducted research implies that the kamias

fruit extract boosts the speed consumption of the broiler resulting

in gaining weight. It is safe to use the kamias fruit extract on the

broilers. There is a presence of Ascorbic Acid good for the immune

system, growth, weight, and meat quality of the broiler.

Therefore, the result in the conducted research implies that

the kamias fruit extract boosts the speed consumption of the broiler

resulting in gaining weight.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Poultry owners and backyard raisers should think about using

KFS for broiler growth. It is healthier, organic, and less expensive

than other commercial supplements for broiler growth. Future

researchers should consider adding more additives to the KFS for

more efficient and rapid broiler growth.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude

to the following individuals who assisted them in successfully

overcoming obstacles during the course of the study.

Mr. Quinto L. Taguc Jr., EdD, Principal IV and Mr. Minard Abarra,

Asst. School Principal II for the encouraging words and never-ending

support in conducting the study.

Brgy. Pantalan President Roxas Barangay Officials headed by Kenneth

L. Fabros for the financial support.

Ms. Noemi D. Denosta and Mr. Jonnas B. Araneta for their advice and

suggestions to improve the study, as well as for assisting the

researchers in interpreting and criticizing the findings and the

study itself.
The ever-loving and devoted parents of the researchers, Mr., and

Mrs. Guillermo, Mr., and Mrs. Arcangel, Mr., and Mrs. Jequinto, Mr.,

and Mrs. Banico, Mr., and Mrs. Buhayan, and Mr., and Mrs. Valiente

for their involvement, assistance, financial support, and especially

love.

Above all, to the Almighty God for His wisdom, guidance, and

blessings.