= eRe [For ropra Roe _| Serra [Pam &TRANSCO Sailg del eb al asus ‘Abu Dhabi Transmission & Despatch Company 20.80 173, Abu Ona, UAE A E Seemeruns ENERGO CONSULT LLC. £0 Bon 247 Abu Ohab, UAE Se" CONSORTIUM SIEMENS - ELECTRO MECHANICAL CONTRACT N-6166.1 .0.Box 7015 Abu Ohab, UAE, ia SF 2098 "New 1311 KV Substations at E12, Zayed Sports iy, ADNEC and 13222. Substation at New por and Capital Dist and Al Related 132K Cable Works awe [vate [stop [cowrmacrno _Nate6t PREPARES | Ways —[ somes 0c THE EHECKED —| Shah Foal | soaesz | [APPROVED | Praaeh | 300877 Method Statement [stanoaro at sca TS ‘SFRA Testing of Transformers ORGNATOR ner 13291HV Substation a ADNEC & WATAML PRouecTNe, [oRG] suBsect [T] ORG. vo. | Rev. [ary SHEETS: CSD No. [n[6|1|6|6|H]zZ)7/3]0]0|m)1]2/9/9] - |"?AL MAHASIN Pee Seana ate eo METHOD STATEMENT SFRA TESTING OF TRANSFORMERSINTRODUCTION Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SPRA) testing has become valuable tool for verifying the geometric integrity of electrical apparatus, especially transformers. The SERA technique Provides internal diagnostic Informatian using non-intrusive procedures. Only the SFRA test ‘method has been proven to provide accurate and repeatable measurements ower transformers ae specified to withstand the mechanical forces arising from both shipping and subsequent in-service events, such as faults and lighting, Transportation damage can occur if the clamping and restraints are inadequate; such damage nay lead to core and winding ‘movement. The most severe inservice forces arise rom system fails, and are ail and radial ia nature f the forces are excessive, radial buckling or axial deformation ean occu. With 2 core form design the principal forces are radially directed, whereas ina shell frm unit they are axially crected, and ths diference is likely to influence te types of damage found. (Once a transformer has been damaged, even if ony slightly the ability to withstand further short a mom Koh ‘The cables and connectors supplied with the SFRA testing equipment are made from low loss RG-50 RF coaxial cable withthe shies grounded tothe instrumext chassis through a standard ‘connector. The SFRA Instrument requires a matched impedance signa cable, and performs a single end measurement, that is, the signal is measured with respect tothe instrument ground. ‘The shield ofthe signal cable is connected to the chasts using SO Ohm impedance-matched RF [BGN connector. Cable Shield Grounds - used to connec cable shieldto the transformer ground at the base of the bushing, These ground connections are located 12 R. (37m) back from the terminal connection on the measurement ends ofthe cables, Grounding of signal cable shields, specimen, and instrument chassis important to achieving @ ‘reproducible result. The Safety Ground, also known asthe instrument Chassis Ground Is used to ‘connect te instrument chassis to the ground ofthe transforme Page oraSAFETY WHILE PERFORMING SFRA The transformer under test should be completely de-energized and isolated from the power system before performing any SFRA tests. The method of testing a high voltage apparats like transformer involves exciting the apparatus with the SPRA instrument, Care must be taken to avoid contact with the apparatus being tested, i's associated bushing and conductors and with the SPRA equipment, cables and connectors ‘The text erew must make a visual check to ensure thatthe apparatus terminals are isolate from the power system. Because the apparatus under test may fall, precautions (such as barriers or entrance restrictions to the test area) must be taken to avold harm in the event of 3 violent failure ‘TEST INTERPRETATION {frequency response plot provides a fngerprint for a transformer, Fingerprints From similar transformers have common features, Subsequent tests on a unit provide responses that may ifr from the orignal due to both test setup and internal construction ofthe transformer sel. “Much ofthe interpretation currentiy avallable is based on experience and subjectivity. This is because small variations may have large implications, and vise versa, Further, there are particular variations that are manufacturer specifie which need tobe extracted and examined in ‘the light of experience. Some work has been done in statistical analysis of frequency response ‘results, but litle has been published, and nothing thus far relatingto manufacturer specifiety oF ‘the implications of small variations in responses, ‘The state of the transformer, in terms of magnetization of core, affects low frequency results As disconnection of the transformer is unpredictable, there may be variation in these results, ‘The value ofan FRA measurements in the repeatability. This is usually taken to mean results on an identical test object wil have no more than 0.5 dB variatior due to the test system and arrangement Results which cover the frequency range of 20 Hz te 2 Miz are required ~ as will be demonstrated in the ease studies and with sufficient resslution for detailed analysis ‘Without repeatable results an accurate diagnosis may not be made and the usr ls prone to false positives and false negatives: tis important to reiterate that range resolution and repeatability are the source of value from the measurement. The different frequency bands of the SFRA trace relate to different elements within a transformer. A general overview i given below for open circuit measurements. Band | Likely Causes of Variation ‘<2ktiz_| Core Deformation, Open Circuits, Shorted Turns & Residual Magnstiem | “<20ki2 | Bulk Winding Movement Relative to Each Othe, clamping structure =200kte | Deformation Within the main and tap windings <2Mitz_ | Movement of main and tap winding leads; axa sift rages 9‘SERA TEST RESULTS The igure above shows the graphical result ofthe SFRA measurement of diferent windings.‘TEST PROCEDURE, HV Winding (LV winding open) Connect the SFRA testing instrument, laptop and printer as shown below in Fig fa esting HV windings, wow wu ow aw aN 6 ie Laptoe Hv No evwmons = Fie [SERA KIT RED LEAD ONE END CONNECTED To TUBUSHIRIG—) [TERMINAL AND ANOTHER END TO BUSHING BOTTOM FLANGE. IBLACK LEAD ONE END CONNECTED TO 17 BUSHING TERMINAL, |AND ANOTHER ENO To BUSHING BOTTON FLANGE. ALL LV [BUSHING TERNINALS KEPT OPEN 4+ Initiate the test for HV winding 1U & 1V Phases. Response results begin appearing as soon as the test set begins receiving the data and the software continues to pot the results in unt the testis complete Repeat te test for HV winding 1V & 1W Phases alter changiag the test lead connections. Repeat the test for HV winding 1W & 1U Phases after changing the test lead connections. ‘Take the print out of est esults fr individual phases and three phases combined one. ‘Compare the test results with factory values or next identical ransformer in the samt lot for matching the valves, Page 09HV Winding (LV winding shorted) Connect the SFRA testing instrument, laptop and printer as shown below in Fig? for testing HV windings, wow ow ow av wn FEA ean I | (5 HV WONG wwe LaproP PRINTER i] ~ Foz = I LEAD ONE! "TO TU BUSHING —] [TERMINAL AND ANOTHER ENO TO BUSHNG BOTTOM FLANGE, [BLACK LEAD ONE END CONNECTED To 1V BUSHING TERMANAL| [AND ANOTHER END TO BUSHING BOTTOM FLANGE. SHORT2U2V.2V-2W 8 2W-20 TERMINALS OF LV BUSHING: Initiate the test for HV winding 1U & 1V Phases. Response results begin appearing as soon asthe tet set boginsreclving the data and the sofware continues to plot the ‘results in until the testis complete, Repeat the test for HV winding 1V & IW Phases after changing the test lead connections Repeat the test for HV winding 1W & 1 Phases after changing the test lead connections. “Take the printout of test results for individual phases and three phases combined ane. Compare the test results with factory values or next identical transformer in the same lot For matching the values. Page 803LV Winding (HV winding open) Connect the SPRA testing instrument, laptop and printer as shown below in Fig or testing LV winalngs wow wu ov ow oN 1s200 sao CG wv Ww Lar Tor MONS NDING PRINTER i] Fes TEAD ONE END Ci (BUSHING [TERMINAL AND ANOTHER END TO BUSHING BOTTOMPLANCE. |BLACK LEAD ONE END CONNECTED TO 2NBUSHINGTERMNAL| /AND ANOTHER END TO BUSHING BOTTOM FLANGE. ‘+ Initiate the test for LV winding 2U & 2N Phases Response results begin appearing as soon asthe test st begins receiving the data and the software cortinues to plat the results in until the testis complete Repeat the test for HV winding 2V & 2N Phases after changing the test lead connections. Repeat the test fr HV winding 2W & 2N Phases after changing the test lead connections. ‘Take the print out of test result for individual phases and three phases combined one ‘Compare the test results with factory values or next identica transformer inthe same ot for matching the values Prepared by, FOR AL MAHASIN ELECT. CONT. CO. 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