HANDOUT - 3 1st Term (2022-2023)

Name: Class: VII Roll: Section:

Subject: Geometry Teachers: Nazrul Islam Sarker / Most. Lutfun Nahar Date:

Text Book-New Syllabus Mathematics 7th Edition, Book#1

Angles Formed by Two Parallel Lines and a Transversal Line

A. Parallel Lines:

When two lines lying on the same plane do not intersect, they are known as parallel lines. Parallel Lines
are represented by either single or double arrowheads pointing in the same direction.

We use the symbol “ || ” to denote “parallel to”, i.e., AB || CD means that AB is parallel to CD.

B. Transversal Line:
A straight line drawn across a set of lines forming angles is called a transversal line.

The figure- 1 shows a line PQ which cuts two parallel lines AB and CD.
PQ is known as a transversal line.

Figure-1

C. Angles formed by a Transversal Line:

i. Corresponding Angles
ii. Alternate Interior angles
iii. Alternate exterior Angles
iv. Interior supplementary angles (Allied angles)
v. Adjacent supplementary angles
vi. Vertically opposite angles

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D. Explanation and example: (According to figure – 1)

a. Corresponding angles: When two parallel lines are crossed by a transversal line, the angles in
matching corners are called corresponding angles. They are equal in size. ( 𝑨𝒃𝒃𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓. ∠𝒔 )
 ∠a = ∠e
 ∠b = ∠f
 ∠c = ∠g
 ∠d = ∠h

b. Alternate interior angles: Alternate interior angles lie between the parallel lines and on the opposite
sides of the transversal line. They are equal in size. ( 𝑨𝒃𝒃𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒂𝒍𝒕. 𝒊𝒏𝒕. ∠𝒔)

 ∠b = ∠h
 ∠c = ∠e

c. Alternate exterior angles: Alternate exterior angles lie outside the parallel lines and on the opposite
sides of the transversal line. They are equal in size. ( 𝑨𝒃𝒃𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒂𝒍𝒕. 𝒆𝒙𝒕. ∠𝒔 )

 ∠a = ∠g
 ∠d = ∠f

d. Vertically opposite angles: They are equal in size. ( 𝑨𝒃𝒃𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕. 𝒐𝒑𝒑. ∠𝒔)

∠𝐚 = ∠𝐜 ; ∠𝐛 = ∠𝐝 (Since PQ and AB are intersecting lines)

and ∠𝐞 = ∠𝐠 ; ∠𝐟 = ∠𝐡 (Since PQ and CD are intersecting lines)

e. Adjacent supplementary angles: Their sum is 180º. ( 𝑨𝒃𝒃𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒂𝒅𝒋. 𝒔𝒖𝒑. ∠𝒔 )

∠𝐚 + ∠𝐛 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐛 + ∠𝐜 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐜 + ∠𝐝 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐝 + ∠𝐚 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

∠𝐞 + ∠𝐟 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐟 + ∠𝐠 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐠 + ∠𝐡 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐡 + ∠𝐞 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

f. Inteior supplementary angles(Allied Angles): Their sum is 180º.

These angles lie between the parallel lines, and they are on the same side of the transversal line.
( 𝑨𝒃𝒃𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒊𝒏𝒕. 𝒔𝒖𝒑. ∠𝒔)
∠𝐛 + ∠𝐞 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° ∠𝐜 + ∠𝐡 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

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 E. Worked Example: Exercise 10B, page 273, Sum-2.a)

Solution:
i. Value of a:

a= 117o ‘( 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕. 𝒐𝒑𝒑. ∠𝒔 are equal)

ii. Value of b:
Solution 1:

b= a = 117o (𝒂𝒍𝒕. 𝒊𝒏𝒕. ∠𝒔 are equal)

So, b = 117o
Solution:2

b= 117 o (𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓. ∠𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍)

iii. Value of c:
Solution 1: Solution 2:
a + c = 180o (𝒊𝒏𝒕. 𝒔𝒖𝒑. ∠𝒔) Or, b + c=180o (𝒂𝒅𝒋. 𝒔𝒖𝒑. ∠𝒔)

117 o + c = 180 o 117 o + c = 180 o

c = 180 o -117 o c = 180 o -117 o

c = 63o c = 63o

iv. Value of d:

d = 78o ((𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓. ∠𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍))

Answers: a = 117o , b = 117o , c = 63o , d = 78o

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F. Worked Example: Exercise 10B, page 273, Sum-11, (Application of Converse Statements)
In the figure, AB and CD are cut by the transversals PQ and RS. If 𝐷𝑌̂𝑃 = 46°, 𝐴𝑋̂𝑆 = 104° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑍̂𝑅 =
̂ 𝑃. [ Before finding the 𝐵𝑊
76°, find the value of 𝐵𝑊 ̂ 𝑃 you need to explain that AB // CD as it is not
mentioned here that AB // CD]

Solution:
Given that, the interior angles ∠AXZ=104° and ∠𝐶𝑍𝑅 = 76°.

Now, ∠AXZ+ ∠𝐶𝑍𝑅 = 104° + 76°= 180°

Then AB||CD (Converse of Int. Supp ∠s)
∵ AB||CD and PQ is transversal,

∴ 𝐷𝑌̂𝑃 = 𝐵𝑊
̂ 𝑃=46° [ Corresponding ∠s are equal]

̂ 𝑃=46°
Answer: 𝐵𝑊

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