12

General Physics 1
Quarter I – Module 7
Center of Mass, Momentum,
Impulse, Law of Conservation of
Momentum, Collisions

Prepared by:
FLORDELIZA C. SALVADOR
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Center of Mass, Momentum, Impulse, Impulse-Momentum Relation, Law
of Momentum Conservation, and Collisions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Note to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Center of Mass, Momentum, Impulse, Law of Momentum Conservation,
and Collisions!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
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will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

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competencies you are expected to learn in
What I Need to Know
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly, you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s In

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
What’s New
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
What is It
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to strengthen your understanding
What’s More
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers in the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

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statements to be filled in to process what
What I Have Learned
you learned from the lesson.

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What I Can Do
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level of mastery in achieving the learning
Assessment
competency.

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to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
Additional Activities
the lesson learned. This also develops
retention of learned concepts.
 This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
Answer Key

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
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answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Pre-Assessment
Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were
not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through
this module.

1. The center of mass of which of the following objects would not lie within
the body itself?

A. Baseball B. Brick C. Frisbee D. Paperbook

2. Three masses of 4.0 kg, 5.0 kg and 7.0 kg are located on a line at
positions +4.0, +8.0, and -5.0 in meters from the origin, respectively. Where
is the center of mass of these three masses?

A. 1.31 m B. 2.31 m C. 3.31 m D. 4.31 m

3. Three point masses are attached to a massless rigid rod. Mass m 1 = 1 kg
is at x = 0.5 m, m2 = 1.5 kg is at x = 0.75 m, and m 3 = 2.0 kg is at x = 2.0 m.
What is the location of the center of mass?

A. 1. 21 m B. 1.23 m C. 1.25 m D. 1.27 m

4. What happens to the momentum of an object if its velocity is doubled?

A. It will remain the same. C. It will also be doubled.

B. The momentum will be zero. D. It will decrease by one half.

5. In which of the following situations is the momentum greatest?

A. A 2500-kg car parked on the roadside.

B. A 50-kg boy riding his bicycle at 2.0 m/s.
C. A 10-kg stone rolling down a hill at 9.0 m/s.
D. A 100-kg security guard opening a door.

6. Jamie hits a 0.05 kg golf ball, giving a speed of 40 m/s. What impulse
does she impart on the ball?

A. 2.00 kgm/s B. 39.5 kgm/s C. 40.5 kgm/s D. 800 kgm/s

7. A 0.144 kg baseball approaches a bat horizontally at a speed of 25.0 m/s.
It bounces horizontally with a speed of 20.0 m/s. If the ball and the bat are
in contact for 0.60 seconds, how much force was provided by the bat?

A. -3.108 N B. -2.108 N C. -1.108 N D. -0.108 N

8. A 1250 kg car is stopped at a traffic light. A 3550 kg truck moving at 8.33

m/s hits the car from behind. If bumpers lock, how fast will the two vehicles
move?
A. 6. 16 m/s B. 7.16 m/s C. 8.16 m/s D. 9.16 m/s

9. If an 800 kg sports car slows to 13.0 m/s to check out an accident scene
and the 1200 kg pick-up truck behind him continues traveling at 25.0 m/s,
with what velocity will the two move if they lock bumpers after a rear-end
collision?
A. 21.20 m/s B. 21.21 m/s C. 20.20 m/s D. 20.21 m/s

10. A 0.0025 kg metal ball moving at 1.00m/s hits a stationary metal ball of
mass 0.0035 kg. If the lighter ball moves in the opposite direction at the rate
of 0.70 m/s, what is the velocity of the other ball?

A. 0.21 m/s B. 1.21 m/s C. 2.21 m/s D. 3.21 m/s

What I Need to Know

 This module was specifically designed and developed to make your
learning fun and meaningful at your own pace and time.
The module is divided into five lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Center of Mass
• Lesson 2 – Momentum, Impulse, and Impulse-Momentum Theorem
• Lesson 3 – Law of Conservation of Momentum
• Lesson 4 – Collisions
• Lesson 5 - Problems Involving Center of Mass, Impulse and
Momentum
After going through this module, you are expected to:
● differentiate center of mass and geometric center; STEM_GP12WE-Ih-
i- 56
● relate the motion of center of mass of a system to the momentum and
net external force acting on the system; STEM_GP12MMIC-Ih- 57
● relate the momentum, impulse, force, and time of contact in a system;
STEM_GP12MMIC-Ih- 58
● compare and contrast elastic and inelastic collisions;
STEM_GP12MMIC-Ii- 60
● apply the concept of restitution coefficient in collisions;
STEM_GP12MMIC-Ii- 61
● solve problems involving center of mass, impulse, and momentum in
contexts such as, but not limited to, rocket motion, vehicle collisions,
and ping-pong; STEM_GP12MMIC-Ii- 63

Lesson 1
Center of Mass
 Have fun with the
lesson and the
Hello there! This lesson will help you understand
problems waiting for
center of mass. Maybe you can help us find the
you as we’re doing in
center of mass of this seesaw once you are done
this seesaw
with the lesson. We are waiting!

What I Know

Directions: Answer the following in your activity notebook.

Part I – Where Do I Belong? - Given the following objects below, which of
these objects have their center of mass located at their geometric
center/centroid.

m2

Part II- Oh My Center of Mass! -Find the center of mass in the given figure.

m1 Where is the center of mass

located if m1 = 0.05 kg is at x =
2.0 cm from the pivot point and
m2 = 1.0 kg is at x= 1.5 cm from
the pivot point?
What’s In

Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. How is the geometric center or centroid differ from center of mass?

2. How do you find the center of mass of simple rigid objects with uniform
density?
3. How do you find the center of mass of an object or a system?
4. What happens to the object if an external force is applied on the center of
mass?
5. How can you calculate the velocity and acceleration of the center of mass
of a system?

What’s New

Directions: Baby Seater on a Teeter-tooter: Solve the problem below.

A father and his young son get on a seesaw. The father who weighs
four times his son sits 0.5 m from the center. Where does the son have to sit
to balance the seesaw?

Is the baby seater on teeter-

tooter problem easy? Find out
more about center of mass in
the next lesson.
What Is It

A. What is center of mass?

The center of mass is a position defined relative to an object or system
of objects. It is the average position of all the parts of the system, weighted
according to their masses.
For simple rigid objects with uniform density, the center of mass is
located at the centroid/geometric center. For example, the center of mass of
a uniform disc shape would be at its center. Sometimes the center of mass
doesn't fall anywhere on the object. The center of mass of a ring for example
is located at its center, where there isn't any material.

Figure 1: Center of mass for some simple geometric shapes (red dots).
For more complicated shapes, a more general mathematical definition
of the center of mass is needed: it is the unique position at which the
weighted position vectors of all the parts of a system sum up to zero.
B. How to calculate the center of mass of any object or system?
Generally, the center of mass can be found by vector addition of the
weighted position vectors which point to the center of mass of each object in
a system. One quick technique is finding the center of mass separately for
components along each axis.

For object positions along the x axis:

m1x1+ m2x2 + m3x3 + …
CMx =
m1 + m2 + m3 + …

For object positions along the y axis:

m1y1 + m2y2 + m3y3 + …

CMy = m1 + m2 + m3 + …
Together, these give the full coordinates (CM x, CMy) of the center of
mass of the system. For example, consider the three system of flat objects of
uniform density shown in Figure 2.
 Figure 2: A system
of three flat objects

The location of the center of mass in the x direction is:

(1)(4) + (1)(6) + (2)(12)

= 8.5
1+1+2

and in the y direction:

(1)(5) + (1)(12) + (2)(8.5)

= 8.5
1+1+2

Complex objects can often be represented as collections of simple

shapes, each with uniform mass. Each component shape can then be
represented as a point mass located at the centroid. Voids within objects
can even be accounted for by representing them as shapes with negative
mass.
 Consider the irregularly-shaped flat, uniform density object shown in
Figure 3a.

Figure 3: (a) An irregularly shaped flat object. (b) Object divided into simple shapes.

The object in 3a can be broken up into four rectangles and one circle
as shown in figure 3b. Here we are only interested in the position of the
center of mass in the relative units shown in the figure. The material has
uniform density so the mass is proportional to the area. For simplicity we
can represent the mass of each section in units of 'squares' as shown in the
diagram.
In the x direction, the center of mass is at:

(16)(10) + (52)(4) + (12)(7.5) + (16)(10) + (-7.1)(4.5)

= 6.6
16 + 52 + 12 + 16 – 7.1

Note that the area of the circular void is π.1.5 2 ≃ 7.1. This is
accounted for as a negative mass.
In the y direction, the center of mass is at:

16⋅13+52⋅7.5+12⋅7.0+16⋅2+(−7.1)⋅7.5
= 7.4
16 + 52 + 12 + 16 – 7.1
C. How determine the motion of the center of mass?
 ● The velocity and acceleration of the center of mass of a system is
found the same way as the center of mass:

m1v1 + m2v2 +… + mnvn

vCM = m1 + m2 + …+ mn

m1a1 + m2a2 + … + mnan

aCM = m 1 + m2 + … + mn

● The advantage to using the center of mass to evaluate the motion of a

system is that the center of mass acts the same as a single particle:

P = mvCM
F = maCM

What’s More

Independent Activity 1: In Search of the Center of Mass

Direction: Solve the problems systematically and completely.

1. Find the center of mass of the object as shown below.

2. Three girls, Nina, Ana, and Dina whose masses are 40, 45, and 50 kg
agreed to take turns playing on a seesaw. If Nina sat 2 m on the left end
from the center and Ana sat on the other side, will Ana sit closer to the
center or farther?
3. If Nina let Dina take her place, where will Dina sit?

Independent Assessment 1:
Directions: Solve the following problems completely and analytically.
1. Two point masses 2 kg and 3 kg are at 5 m and 6 m from the origin on x-
axis. Locate the position of the center of mass of the two point masses from
the origin.
2. What is the location of the center of mass of the two point masses in
problem 1 from the 3 kg mass?
3. A metallic sphere with a mass of 1 kg and radius of 5 cm is welded into
the end of B of a thin rod AB of length 50 cm and mass of 0.5 kg as shown
below. This rod with the sphere will balance horizontally on a knife edge
placed at a distance ‘x’ from the end A of the rod. What is the value of ‘x’?

A B

Independent Activity 2: Center of Mass on the Next Level

Directions: Solve the problems systematically.
1. An object of mass 250 kg is set on a rigid beam of negligible mass at a
distance 4 m from the center. Another object is to be hung from the other
end of the beam a distance of 5 m from the center to keep the beam at rest
and horizontal. What is the mass of the object?
2. Three point masses are attached to a massless rigid rod. Mass m 1 = 0.25
kg located at x = 0.25 m, mass m 2 = 0.50 kg located at x = 0.75 m, and mass
m3 = 1.0 kg located at x = 1.25 m. What is the center of mass of the system?
3. Two objects of masses 5 and 6 kg respectively are hung from the ends of a
stick that is 50 cm long. If the mass of the stick is negligible, at which point
in the stick should a cord be attached if the stick is to remain horizontal
when suspended from the cord?

Independent Assessment 2:
Directions: Solve the problems systematically.
1. The mean distance from the earth to the sun is r =1.49×10 11 m. The mass
of the earth is m = 5.98×1024 kg and the mass of the sun is m =1.99 ×10 30
kg. The mean radius of the earth is r = 6.37 ×10 6 m. The mean radius of the
sun is r = 6.96 ×108 m. Where is the location of the center of mass of the
earth-sun system?
2. Suppose a beam is 10 meters long, and that there are three weights on
the beam: a 10-kilogram weight 3 meters from the left end, a 5-kilogram
weight 6 meters from the left end, and a 4-kilogram weight 8 meters from
the left end. Where should a fulcrum be placed so that the beam balances?
3. To weigh a fish, a person hangs a set of weights of mass 3.5 kg and a
cooler of mass 5 kg from the ends of a uniform rigid pole that is suspended
by a rope attached to its center. The system balances when the fish hangs
at a point l/4 of the rod’s length from the tackle box. Find the mass of the
fish.

Independent Activity 3: Final Hit on Center of Mass

Directions: Solve the problems systematically.

1. Find the coordinates of the center of mass for the system shown below.

2. Where is the center of mass of this 3-object system?

3. Suppose that a 2 m by 3 m rectangle is cut from a square piece of
plywood which originally had sides of length 4 m as shown below. What is
the center of mass of the resulting “U-shaped” piece of plywood?

Independent Assessment 3:
Direction: Solve the following problems systematically.
1. Three masses 300 g, 200 g, and 100 g are connected by massless, rigid
rods as shown in the figure below. What are the coordinates of the center of
mass? 200 g
B

10 cm

10 cm
C
A
300 g 100 g

2. Find the coordinates of the center of mass of the following three-object

system with masses and coordinates as follows: mass m 1 = 2 kg at point
(2,3), mass m2 = 5 kg at point (0,5), and mass m3 = 3 kg at point (3,3).
3. Find the coordinates of the center of mass of the following three-object
system with masses and coordinates as follows: mass m 1 = 2 kg at point
(3,2), mass m2 = 5 kg at point (5,0), and mass m3 = 3 kg at point (3,3).

What I have learned

Directions: Below is an exit ticket. After engaging in problems

involving center of mass, continue the statements below.

3 things I learned about center of mass are:

_______________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________
__

2 things I want to learn more about center of mass are:

_______________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________
__
 1 thing I want to share with my friends about center of mass
is:
_______________________________________________________
__

What I can do

Journal Writing: Direction: In your journal, write your reflection/answer to

the following questions/situations.
1. Center of mass is associated with balance. As a student, why is balance
necessary in the following aspects:
a. studies/schooling;
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. recreation;
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

c. nature; and
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
d. food
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is the balanced scale used as symbol for justice?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How does solving different word problems on center of mass help you deal
with different degrees of real-life problems at present and in the future?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Directions: Select the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. The center of mass of a body is located _____________________.

A. outside the system C. inside or outside the system

B. inside the system D. at the center of the system

2. Which object will its centroid be located at its center?

A. A meterstick B. A top C. A leaf D. A flower pot

3 The center of mass of any object is always located where the mass of the
object is concentrated.

A. True B. False C. Sometimes true D. Sometimes false

4. The center of mass of a system of particles does not depend on

________________.
 A. masses of the particles
B. relative distances between the particles
C. forces on the particles
D. position of the particles

5. Three identical balls are placed touching each other on a horizontal

surface.
When their centers are joined, they formed an equilateral triangle. What
will be the position of the center of mass of the system?

A. At the point of intersections of the medians

B. At the line joining the centers of any two balls
C. At the center of one of the balls
D. At the horizontal surface

6. Anita who is 55 kg sits 1.5 m to the left from the center of a seesaw. While

her friend Danica who is 70 kg sit 1.0 m from the center on the opposite
side. Where is their center of mass located?

A. 1.20 m B. 1.21 m C. 1.22 m D. 1.23 m

7. Two point masses 2 kg and 3 kg are at 3 cm and 9 cm from the origin on

the x-axis. Locate the position of the center of mass of the two point
masses
from the origin.

A. 4.6 cm B. 5.6 cm C. 6.6 cm D. 7.6 cm

8. In problem no. 8, where is the center of mass of the point masses from
the
2-kg object?

A. 5.4 cm B. 5.3 cm C. 6.4 cm D. 6.3 cm

9. In a CO molecule, the distance between the carbon and oxygen atom is

0.12 nm. What is the distance of the center of mass from the carbon
atom?
(mcarbon= 1.99 x 10-26 kg and moxygen = 2.66 x 10-26 kg)
A. 3.07 nm B. 2.07 nm C. 1.07 nm D. 0.07 nm
10. Two boys of masses 60 kg and 55 kg respectively are hanging at each
end
of a 5-m long pole suspended on a rope. Where is their center of mass?
A. 0.39 m B. 2.39 m C. 3.39 m D. 4.39 m
11. Two balls of masses 200 g and 400 g respectively are hung from the
ends
of a wooden stick that is 50 cm long. If the mass of the stick is
negligible,
at which point in the stick should a cord be attached if the stick is to
remain horizontal when suspended from the cord?
A. 44.33 cm B. 33.33 cm C. 22.33 cm D. 11.33 cm
12. There are two objects of masses 1 kg and 2 kg located at (2,1) and (-1, 3)

respectively. What are the coordinates of the center of mass?

A. (0, 2.33) B. (2.33,0) C. (0,0) D. (2.33, 2.33)

13. Three objects of masses 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg respectively are at located
at
(3,2), (-5,3), and (2,2). What is the center of mass of the objects in the x-
coordinate?
A. 0.17 B. 1.17 C. -0.17 D. -1.17
14. What is the center of mass of the objects in the y-axis in number 13?
A. 2.33 B. 3.33 C. 4.33 D. 5.33
15. On a meter stick, four masses are hanging. On the left are masses of 3 g

at 0.20 m and 10 g at 0.40 m from the center. On the right is a 6-g mass

at 0.50 m from the center. Where would a 5-g mass have to be hung to
keep the meter stick balance at the center?
A. 0.32 m to the right end C. 0.32 m to the left end
B. 1.32 m to the right end D. 1.32 m to the left end

Additional Activities

One Last Try on Center of Mass: Direction: Solve the problem

systematically:
The position vectors of two point masses are 10 kg and 5 kg are (-3i +
2j+ 4k) m and (3i + 6j + 5k) m respectively. Locate the position of center of
mass.
 You did a Your Lesson 1 ends here.

Answer Key

Lesson 1

What I Know

Part I – Ball and Box

Part II – CM = 1.52 cm

What’s New

xson = 2 m

What’s More

Independent Activity 1:

1. CM = 6.5
2. The position of Ana is at x = 1.78 m. Therefore, she will have to sit closer
to the center.
3. xDina = 1.60 m

Independent Assessment 1:

1. CM = 5.6 m
2. CM = 2 m
3. 45 cm
Independent Activity 2:

1. m2 = 200 kg
2. CM = 0.96 m
3. CM = 22.73 c from the 6-kg object

Independent Assessment 2:

1. CM = 447767.89 m
2. CM= 4.84 m from the left end
3. mfish = 3 kg
Independent Activity 3:

1. CMx = 3.72 and CMy = 2.38

2. CMx = 2 m and CMy = 1.7 m
3. CMx = 2.0 m and CMy = 1.7 m

Independent Assessment 3:

1. CMx = 1.7 cm and CMy = 3.3 cm

2. CMx = 1.3 and CMy = 4
3. CMx = 4 and CMy = 1.3

What I can do

Answers may vary. Use rubrics to assess student’s outputs.

Assessment

1.C 4.C 7.C 10.B 13.C

2.A 5.A 8.A 11.B 14.A
3.B 6.C 9.D 12.A 15.A

Additional Activities

● CM is at r = (-i + 10/3j + 13/3k)

 Lesson
2 Momentum and Impulse

What I know

Part A - Whose Claim is Right? Directions: In the following situation, who

between the two students are right? Give justification to your answer.

Charity, I think you got it wrong. How

could that happen? I am 15 kg heavier Hey Jim! You might be 60 kg and I am only 45
than you. Certainly, you are funny! I have kg but I could have a greater momentum than
greater momentum than you. you.

Jim if I run faster

than you, I can have
greater momentum.
I still don’t believe you. I am
heavier so I must be the one
who have greater
momentum.
Part B – Who is Telling the Truth? Directions: Analyze each statement
and identify who is telling the truth.
1. Jim – If a 2000 kg car is stationary, then its momentum is 2000 kg m/s.
Charity – If a 2000 kg car is stationary, then its momentum is zero.
2. Jim – A walking dog has lesser momentum than a sleeping carabao.
Charity - A walking dog has greater momentum than a sleeping carabao.
3. Jim – A 23-gram chicken egg thrown at 2 m/s has a momentum of 0.046
kg m/s.
Charity – A 23-gram chicken egg thrown at 2 m/s has a momentum of
0.46
kgm/s.
4. Jim - A 0.05-kg golf ball that is hit by a bat and has a speed of 45 m/s
has
impulse equal to 2.25 kgm/s.
Charity – A 0.05-kg golf ball that is hit by a bat and has a speed of 45
m/s
has impulse equal to 900 kgm/s.
5. Jim- A 40-kg skater moving at 2 m/s has the same momentum as a 25-
kg
boy riding a bicycle at a speed of 2 m/s.
Charity - A 40-kg skater moving at 2 m/s has greater momentum than a
25-kg boy riding a bicycle at a speed of 2 m/s.

What’s In
How Much You Remember? Directions: Answer each question in your
activity notebook.
1. Why is an object with a greater mass harder to stop?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How does the inertia of an object affect its velocity?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is a moving truck harder to stop than a moving small car?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What’s New

De-Science of Not Breaking A Raw Egg: Directions: Using 5 pieces of

letter size bond paper or any paper cut into letter size and 1-m tape, design
an experiment to prevent a raw chicken egg from breaking when thrown on
a wall. In your activity notebook, explain why you choose such design and
explain the physics concept behind the design.

What is It

A. What is momentum?
Momentum means “inertia in motion.” It tells us how much force is
needed to change an object’s motion.
Operationally, momentum is defined as the product of mass and
velocity. It is expressed in units like kg-m/s and N-s. In symbols.
p = mν
 where: p = momentum; m = mass of the moving body; and ν =
velocity of the moving body. Momentum has direction since velocity has
direction.

The equation illustrates that

momentum is directly proportional to an
object’s mass and the object’s velocity.
Consider two trucks as shown on the right
moving on a highway with the same
velocity. The bigger truck has more
momentum because of its greater mass. On
the other hand, an arrow with a small mass
can have a large momentum because of its
high velocity.

Sample Problem:

1.) Calculate the momentum of a 30-kg dog running at a speed of 8.0

m/s toward the west.
Solution: p = mv
p = (30 kg)(8m/s)
p = 240 kgm/s, west

(b) How fast must a 70-kg person run to have the same momentum as
the dog?

Solution: pdog = pman

pdog = (mperson)(vperson)
vperson = (240kgm/s)/(70 kg)
vperson = 3.43 m/s

B. What is impulse?

When a moving car hits a wall, the car stops and so its momentum
changes. If the momentum of an object changes, either the mass or the
velocity, or both, changes. If the mass of the object remains constant, as is
often the case, the velocity changes, then acceleration occurs.

This acceleration is produced by an applied force. Hence, whenever a

force is applied on an object, the momentum of the object changes.

Time of contact or how long the force acts is also a significant factor.
Apply a force briefly to an automobile and it produces a small change in
momentum. Apply the same force for a longer time and a big change in
momentum happens. A long-sustained force produces large change in
momentum. Thus, for the momentum of the object to change, we consider
both the applied force and the time of contact.

Impulse is the force multiplied by the time of contact. Operationally,

where: I= impulse
I = ∆p ∆p = change in
momentum

since I = Ft where: F = applied force

t = time of
and p = mv contact

thus: Ft = m∆ν where ∆ν = vf – vi

Therefore, the application of force over a certain period of time

changes the momentum of the body. Impulse is also a vector quantity. The
SI unit of impulse is the same as momentum, kgm/s.

Sample Problem:

1. The face of a golf club exerts an average force of 4000 N for 0.002 s. What
is the impulse imparted to the ball?
Solution: I = Ft
I = (4000 N)(0.002 s)
I = 8.00 N.s

2. A 1400 kg car moving westward with a velocity of 15 m/s collides with a

utility pole and is brought to rest in 0.3 s. Find the magnitude of the force
exerted on the car during the collision.

Solution: F = m(vf – vi)/ ∆t

F = (1400 kg)(0 – 15 m/s)/0.3 s
F = -7.0 x 104 kgm/s, to the west

C. Impulse-Momentum Relation

● The impulse experienced by the object equals the change in

momentum.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1: In Search of p & I

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. What is the momentum of a 104-gram adult bee flying at 1.50 m/s?

2. A ball has a momentum of 25 kgm/s. If it is thrown at a velocity of 25

m/s, find the mass of the ball.

3. A 2500-kg truck is moving at 85 km/h north. What is the average force

exerted on the car if it stops gently for 30.0 seconds?

Independent Assessment 1:

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. Find the momentum of a 70-kg jogger running at 14 km/h?

2. What is the velocity of a 5-kg papaya if its momentum is 15 N.s?

3. The tip of a baseball exerts an average force of 3000 N for 0.004 s. What
is the impulse imparted to the ball?
Independent Activity 2: p-I is the Key

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. Will a car moving at 80 km/h due west have the same momentum with
the same car moving with the same speed due east?

2. What happens to the momentum of an object if its velocity is doubled? if

it is reduced five times?

3. A 1500-kg delivery truck is moving on a straight highway at 70 km/h. If

the driver suddenly steps on the brakes and the truck stops in 10 seconds,
how much force is exerted on the brakes?

Independent Assessment 2:

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. A 50-kg athlete is doing her regular work out by jogging in their

neighborhood every morning at 2.0 m/s. How fast should a 45-kg athlete
run to have the same momentum as the 50-kg athlete?

2. If the mass of an object is increased four times, what happens to its

momentum?

3. A 25-N force acts on an object due east for 5.0 s. What will be the change
in momentum of the object?

Independent Activity 3: Momentum & Impulse: A Final Wave

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. What the average momentum of a 50.0 kg skater who finishes 100.0 m in
20.0 seconds?

2. A 0.015 kg ball approaches a bat horizontally with a speed of 30.0 m/s. It

bounces horizontally with a speed of 20.0 m/s. If the ball and the bat are in
contact for 0.50 seconds, how much force was provided by the bat?

3. An impulse of 20.0 N.s is applied to a 5.00 kg mass. If the mass was

initially moving at a rate 0f 100m/s, what would its speed be after the
impulse?

Independent Assessment 3:

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. A 7.00-kg iron ball used in a shotput has kinetic energy of 200 J. How
much momentum does it possess?

2. A 45.0 g golf ball is hit by a golf club with a force of 5000 N. It flies off
with a speed of 50.0 m/s. how long are the ball and the club in contact?

3. While waiting for a classmate on the school parking, a 60-kg student and
his car was suddenly accelerated to a speed of 3.0 m/s due to a rear-end
collision. What is the impulse on the student?

What I have learned

Directions: Below are exit pass. After engaging on the topic of momentum
and impulse, continue the statements below.

The 3 things I learned about momentum and impulse are:

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

The 2 things I want to share about momentum and impulse

are:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 1 thing I want to learn more about momentum and impulse
is:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

What I can do

Momentum and Impulse in Real Life: Directions: In your activity

notebook, answer each situation based on the concepts learned about
momentum and impulse.
1. Why do firefighters use foam or net in catching people who jump from tall
buildings?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to strap your seatbelt whenever you are riding on a
car?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How does your knowledge on momentum and impulse life-saving?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Assessment

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. An object that has momentum must also have______________________.

A. acceleration B. impulse C. kinetic energy D. potential energy
2. Momentum is most closely related to ______________________.
A. kinetic energy B. impulse C. power D. potential energy
3. Momentum can be expressed in _________________________.
A. kgm/s B. N.m C. N.m/s D. kgm/s2
4. When the velocity of a moving object is doubled, its _____________________.
A. acceleration is doubled C. kinetic energy is doubled
B. momentum is doubled D. mass is doubled
5. What is the average momentum of a 55.0-kg spinner who finishes 100.0
m in 15.0 seconds?
A. 170.00 kgm/s C. 550.00 kgm/s
B. 366.67 kgm/s D.1500.0 kgm/s
6. A 15-N force acts on an object due north for 5.0 seconds. What will be the
change in momentum of the object?
A. 75 kgm/s B. 20 kgm/s C. 10 kgm/s D. 3 kgm/s
7. When the velocity of an object is reduced to one-half, its momentum is
__________________.
A. doubled B. quadrupled C. reduced to ½ D. remains the same
8. An impulse of 40.0 N.s is applied to a 3.00 kg mass. If the mass was
initially moving at a rate of 100.0 m/s, what would its speed be after the
impulse?
A. 112.33 m/s B. 113.33 m/s C.114.33 m/s D. 115.33 m/s
9. Two spheres are dropped simultaneously like free falling bodies. The
spheres have the same diameter but A is twice as massive as B. Just before
reaching the ground, the spheres will be equal in all except
_________________.
 A. time of fall C. momentum
B. speed of impact D. acceleration
10. A Ping-pong gun is fired. Compared to the force on the ball, the force on
the gun is _____________.
A. larger B. smaller C. the same D. Cannot be determined
11. Which has more momentum, a large truck moving at 30 km/h or a
small truck moving at 30 km/h?
A. large truck C. Both have the same momentum.
B. small truck D. Data is not enough to answer the question
12. An empty delivery truck moves along the highway. If it rolls with the
same speed but twice as much mass, its momentum is ________________.
A. zero B. doubled C. tripled D. remains the same
13. What is the velocity of a 5-kg object if its momentum is 25 kgm/s?
A. 1.25 kgm/s B. 12.5 kgm/s C. 125 kgm/s D. 1250 kgm/s
14. A 1000-kg car strikes a tree at 30 km/h and comes to a stop in 0.15 s.
What is its initial momentum?

A. -8330 kgm/s C. -83.30 kgm/s

B. -833.0 kgm/s D. -8.330 kgm/s

15. What is the average force on the car in no. 14 while it is being stopped?

A. -555.33 kgm/s C. -55533.33 kgm/s

B. -55.53 kgm/s D. -5553.33 kgm/s

Additional Activities

My p-I Car V1.0: Directions: Imagine you are a car manufacturing

engineer. Design a car with the best safety features that could protect its
driver and passengers even on the worst kind of impact.

You did a Your Lesson 2 ends here.

 Answer Key

What I Know

Part A – Charity is right.

Part B
1. Charity 4. Jim
2. Charity 5. Charity
3. Jim

What’s In

● It is the discretion of the teacher to check the student’s

output/answer.

What’s New

● Answers may vary. It is the discretion of the teacher to check the

student’s output.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
1. p = 0.156 kgm/s 2. m = 1 kg 3. -1967.5 N
Independent Assessment 1
1. p = 272.22 kgm/s 2. v = 3.0 m/s 3. I =12 N.s
Independent Activity 2
1. No. The cars may have the same magnitude of momenta but their
directions are different.
2. a.) The momentum of the object will also double.
 b.) The momentum will also be reduced five times.
3. F = -2916 N
Independent Assessment 2
1. v = 2.22 m/s
2. Momentum will also increase four times
3. I = 125 N.s
Independent Activity 3
1. p = 250 kgm/s 2. F = -1.5 N 3. v = 104 m/s
Independent Assessment 3
1. p = 52.92 kgm/s 2. t = 4.5 x 10-4 s 3. I = 180 N.s

What I Can Do

● Answers may vary. Use rubrics to assess student’s output.

Assessment

1. C 4. B 7. C 10. B 13. C
2. B 5. B 8. B 11. A 14. A
3. A 6. A 9. C 12. B 15. C

Additional Activities

● Answers may vary. Use rubrics to assess student’s output.

 Lesson 3 Law of Conservation of
Momentum

What I Know

Direction: Problem-Solving: Solve the given problems below to check how

much you know about conservation of momentum.
1.Bet and Chay are standing facing each other on roller blades. Bet is 80 kg
and Chay is 70 kg. As the two push off each other, Bet moves with a velocity
of 3.0 m/s to the right. What is Chay’s velocity?
2. An astronaut in orbit outside an orbiting space station throws her 800-g
camera away when it jams. If he and his space suit together have a mass 0f
100 kg and the speed of the camera is 12 m/s, how far away from the space
station will she be after 1.0 h?
 What’s In

Directions: Answer each question in your activity notebook.

1. What is momentum?
2. What happens to the momentum of an object if its mass is increased or
decreased?
3. What happens to the momentum of an object if its velocity is increased or
decreased?
4. How do you change the momentum of an object?
5. How is momentum related to impulse?

What’s New

Poem Analysis: Directions: Read and analyze the poem below. Pick out the
words that expresses the law of conservation of momentum.
The impulse is strong,
overpowering;
My heart no longer a closed isolated system,
it’s now full of energy.
Vibrating,
Thundering bolts of feeling coursing through it,
through me.
How is it that you are now I,
and I am you?
Incoherent, am I?
it might just be too much,
 but it feels as if it will never be enough,
Oh, help me so;
I am in love.
I only want to love you now,
and forevermore.
(Adapted from allpoetry.com)

What is It

Law of Conservation of Momentum

● If no external force acts on a closed, isolated system of particles, the

total linear momentum P of the system cannot change.
● The momentum is constant if no external forces act on a closed
particle system. Internal forces can change the linear momentum of
portions of the system, but they cannot change the total linear
momentum of the entire system.

● The total momentum AFTER a collision is equal to the total

momentum BEFORE collision.
In equation:
Ʃp = Ʃp’
p1 + p2 = p1’ + p2’
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

where: v1 and v2 = velocities before collision

v1’ and v2’ = velocities after collision

● In every interaction between two isolated objects, the change in

momentum of the first object is equal and opposite to the change in
momentum of the second object.

Sample Problems:

1. A 2 kg block and a 1 kg block are pushed together against a spring tied

with a cord. When the cord breaks, the 1 kg block moves to the right at 8
m/s, what is the velocity of the 2 kg block?

Solution: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’+ m2v2’

(2kg)(0) + (1 kg)(0) = (2 kg)(v1’ ) + (1 kg)(8 m/s)
v1’ = -4 m/s
2. A 76 kg boater, initially at rest in a stationary 45 kg boat, steps out of the
boat onto the dock. If the boater moves with a velocity of 2.5 m/s to the
right, what is the final velocity of the boat?

Solution: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’+ m2v2’

(76kg)(0) + (45 kg)(0) = (2 kg)(2.5 m/s ) + (1 kg)(v2’ )
v1’ = -5.0 m/s

What’s More

Independent Activity: In the Name of Momentum Conservation

Direction: Solve the given problems systematically.

1. A freight car of mass 5 tons moving at 4 m/s collided with a 10-ton

freight car parked on the side road. If the freight cars coupled after the
collision, what is their resultant velocity?
2. An 80-kg male and 45-kg female pair figure skating team are gliding
across the ice at 7.0 m/s preparing for a throw jump maneuver. The male
skater tosses the female skater forward with a speed of 8.5 m/s. Determine
the speed of the male skater immediately after the throw.
3. A chocolate-filled piñata is hung from a tree for Faye’s thanksgiving party.
During an unsuccessful attempt to break the 5.0 kg piñata, James cracks it
with a 0.55 kg stick moving at 4.8 m/s. The stick stops and the piñata
undergoes a gentle swinging motion. Find the swing speed of the piñata
immediately after being cracked by the stick.
4. A 65-kg astronaut is on a space walk when the tether line breaks. The
astronaut is able to throw a 10 kg oxygen tank in a direction away from the
shuttle with a speed of 12 m/s, propelling the astronaut back to the shuttle.
Assuming that the astronaut starts from rest, find the final velocity of the
astronaut after throwing the tank.
5. An 85.0 kg fisherman jumps from a dock into a 135.0 kg row boat at rest
on the west side of a dock. If the velocity of the fisherman is 43.0 m/s to the
west as he leaves the dock, what is the final velocity of the fisherman and
the boat?

Individual Assessment:
Direction: Solve the following problems systematically.
1. A boy on a skateboard initially at rest tosses an 8.0 kg jug of water in the
forward direction. If the jug has a speed of 3.0 m/s relative to the ground
and the boy and the skateboard move in the opposite direction at 0.60 m/s,
find the mass of the boy and the skateboard.
2. A 1250 kg car is stopped at a traffic light. A 3550 kg truck moving at 8.33
m/s hits the car from behind. If the bumpers locked, how fast will the two
vehicles move?
3. Imagine you are hovering next to a space shuttle and your friend of equal
mass who is moving at 4 km/h with respect to the ship bumps into you. If
he holds onto you, how fast do you both move with respect to the ship?
4. Valentina, the Russian cosmonaut, goes outside her ship for a space
walk, but when she is floating motionless 15 m from the ship, her tether
catch on a sharp piece of metal and is severed. Valentina tosses her 2.0 kg
camera away from the spaceship with a speed of 12 m/s. How fast will
Valentina, whose mass is 70 kg, travel toward the spaceship?
5. A 15-kg dog jumps out of a 40 kg boat. If the dog’s velocity is 1.5 m/s,
what is the velocity of the boat?

What I have learned

Directions: Exit Tickets: Complete the statements in each of the exit

tickets.
 3 things I 2 things I
1 question I
have about
learned from my want to share
lesson in momentum
about
momentum conservation
momentum
conservation is:
conservation
are: are: ______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________________ ______________
_______________
________ ________
_______________

What I can do

A. Research Work: Direction: Do a research on how the law of

conservation of momentum is applied in the given situations. Write your
findings in your activity notebook.
a. Air-filled balloons
b. Rocket and jet propulsions
c. Biomechanics
B. Journal Writing: Direction: In your journal, write a short essay on the
given situation.
1. What is the significance of conserving the resources we have today?
2. As a student, what practical steps you can do to help conserve our
existing resources?

Assessment
Problem-Solving: Direction: Solve the problems systematically.
1. A 70-kg astronaut is drifting forward in an orbiting space shuttle at 1.00
m/s. A fellow astronaut throws her a 0.23 kg orange, which she catches. If
she then starts to move backward at 0.50 m/s, what was the speed of the
orange?
2. A spacecraft moving at 10.0 km/s breaks apart into two pieces of equal
mass that continue moving in the original direction. If the speed of one of
the pieces is 4.0 km/s, what is the speed of the other one?
3. A 40-kg child running at 5.0 m/s jumps onto a 10-kg sled resting on ice.
With what speed do the child and the sled move after the jump?
4. Two ice skaters push each other apart. The 50-kg skater moves away at
2.5 m/s. what speed did the 60-kg skater move away after the push?
5. The muzzle velocity of a 50.0 g shell leaving a 3.0 kg rifle is 400 m/s.
What is the recoil velocity of the rifle?

Additional Activities

One More p-roblem on conserving p: Directions: Solve the problem

completely.
A spacecraft moving at 40.0 km/s breaks apart into two pieces of
equal mass, one of which moves off at 8.0 km/s in a direction opposite to
the original direction. Find the speed and direction of the other piece.

You did a Your Lesson 3 ends here.

Answer Key
 What I Know

1. vCHAY’ = -3.43m/s
2. d = 0.35 km

What’s In

1. Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

2. a.) If an object’s mass is increased, its momentum also increases.
b.) If an object’s mass is decreased, its momentum also decreases.
3. a.) If an object’s velocity is increased, its momentum also increases.
b.) If an object’s velocity is decreased, its momentum also decreases.
4. If force is applied on the object, the object’s momentum changes.
5. Impulse is the change in momentum.

What’s More

Independent Activity
1. V = 1.33 m/s
2. vmale = 6.16 m/s
3. vpinata’ = 0.53 m/s
4. vastronaut’ = -1.85 m/s
5. V = -16.61 m/s
Independent Assessment
1. M(boy&skateboard) = 40 kg
2. V = 6.16 m/s
3. V = 2 km/h
4. vvalentina’ = -0.34 m/s
5. vboat = -0.56 m/s

What I Can Do

-Answers may vary. Use rubrics to assess student’s output.

 Assessment

1. vorange = 152.17 m/s

2. v2’ = 16 m/s
3. V = 4 m/s
4. v2’ (v of 60 skater after) = -2.08 m/s
5. vrecoil = -6.67 m/s

Additional Activities
● V2’ = 72 km/s

Lesson
4
COLLISIONS

What I Know
Elastic or Inelastic? Direction: Identify whether the collision is elastic or
inelastic. Then solve the given problems completely.
1. Patrick and Lorenz are in a basement playing pool. On Patrick’s recent
shot, the cue ball of mass 0.17 kg was moving east at 80 cm/s when it
struck the lower 5-ball of mass 0.16 kg moving in the same direction at 25
m/s. What is the post collision speed of the cue ball if the 5-ball stops after
the collision?
2. The police are in pursuit of Berd Ugo after his recent hold up at a local
bank. The highspeed police chase ends at an intersection as a 1500-kg car
driven by Berd Ugo travelling south at 33.5 m/s collides with an 18400-kg
garbage truck moving north at 15.4 m/s. Berg Ugo’s car and the garbage
truck entangle together in the middle of the intersection and move as a
single object. What is their common velocity after the collision?

What’s In

Answer each question in your activity notebook.

1. What is the law of conservation of momentum?

2. If an external force is applied on the system, what happens to the total
momentum?
3. What practical situations is momentum conservation applicable?
4. Why is conservation like food or cellphone a necessity today?

What’s New

Pick & Delete: Directions: Select and delete the word(s)/phrase that makes
the statement incorrect.

1. The law of conservation of momentum and impulse can be applied in

colliding objects.
2. Elastic collision happens when one or two objects collide and stick then
separate to move with either the same or different velocities.
3. Elastic and inelastic collisions conserve kinetic energy.
4. In an inelastic collision, colliding bodies either stick together or move
apart
after the interaction.
5. Colliding bodies in inelastic collisions move with one velocity but with
different direction after the collision.

What is It

A. Elastic Collision
Elastic collision happens when two objects collide and separate to
move with different velocities.
The equation of elastic collision is written as:
where: v1 and v2 = velocities before
Ʃp = Ʃp’ collision
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2
’ ’ v 1
’
and v 2
’
= velocities after
collision

Elastic collisions conserve kinetic energy.

Sample Problem:

A green ball having a mass of 0.2 kg hits a yellow ball having a mass
of 0.25 kg in an elastic collision, and the green ball halts. If the initial
velocity of the green ball is 5.0 m/s and the yellow ball was at rest.
Calculate the final velocity of the yellow ball if the green ball moves at 2.0
m/s in the opposite direction after the collision.

Solution: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

(0.2 kg)(5.0 m/s) + (0.25 kg)(0) = (0.2 kg)(-2.0 m/s) + (0.25 kg)( v2’)
v2’ = 5.6 m/s

B. Inelastic Collision
In inelastic collision, colliding bodies couple or stick together and
move with one velocity.
The expression for the conservation of an inelastic collision is:

m1v1 + m2v2 = MV

where: M (m1 + m2) = mass of the colliding bodies after the

collision
V = velocity of the colliding bodies after the collision
 ● Inelastic collisions do not conserve kinetic energy. Some KE are
lost in the form of heat, sound energy, and so forth.
● In completely inelastic collisions, the objects stick together
afterwards. In such collisions, the KE loss is the maximum
possible.

Sample Problem:

A 2-kg lump of clay moving at 1 m/s to the left strikes a 3-kg lump of
clay moving at 7 m/s to the right. The two lumps stick together after they
collide. Find the final speed of the composite object in the collision.

Solution: m1v1 + m2v2 = MV

(2kg)(-1 m/s) + (3 kg)(7 m/s) = (5 kg)(V)
V = 3.8 m/s

C. Coefficient of Restitution
If a collision is not perfectly elastic, the loss of some of the original KE
means that the relative speed of the objects involved after the collision will
be less than their relative speed of approach. The ratio between the relative
speed is called the coefficient of restitution, symbol e:

v 2
’
– v1’
e=
v1 – v2

In perfectly elastic collision, e = 1. In a perfectly inelastic collision,

when the objects stick together and v2’ =v1’, e = 0.
A coefficient of restitution always applies jointly to the colliding
bodies, not to either one of them by itself.

Sample Problem:

A tennis ball dropped on the floor from a height of 100 cm rebounds

to a height of 60 cm. Find the coefficient of restitution.

Solution: e = (v 2
’
– v1’) /( v1 – v2)
e = (0 – v1’) / (v1 – 0)
e = -√2gh’ / -√2gh
e = √h’ /√h = √(60cm/100 cm = 0.77

What’s More
Independent Activity 1: Getting More Involved in Elastic Collisions

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. Polly and Nomi are doing the elastic collision lab using a low-friction
track. Cart A has mass of 1.00 kg and is moving rightward at 27cm/s prior
to the collision with Cart B. Cart B has a mass of 0.50kg and is moving
leftward with a speed of 42 cm/s. After the magnetic repulsion of the two
carts, Cart A is moving leftward at 10 cm/s. Determine the post-collision
speed of Cart b.

2. A 7.05 kg bowling ball is rolled down the lane and hits a 1.52 kg pin head
on. The ball was moving at 8.24 m/s before the collision. The pin went flying
forward at 13.2 m/s. What is the speed of the ball after the collision?

3. Two grocery carts collide, a full one with a mass of 35 kg moving east at 2
m/s and an empty one with a mass of 10 kg moving west at 3 m/s. After the
collision, the full cart is moving east at 0.75 m/s. Find the velocity of the
empty cart.

Independent Assessment 1:

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. The 176-g head of a golf club is moving at 40 m/s when it strikes a 46-g
golf ball and sends it off at 70 m/s. Find the final speed of the club head
after the impact, assuming the mass of the club shaft is neglected.

2. Two cans of MEGA sardines with identical masses collide. Before the
collision, the hot and spicy flavored sardine is moving to the left at 4 m/s,
while the sardine in plain tomato sauce is moving to the right at 2 m/s.
After the collision, the hot and spicy is moving to the left at 1.2 m/s. What is
the velocity of the sardine in plain tomato sauce?

3. A 0.15-kg marble travelling at 4.5 m/s east collides head-on with a 0.25-
kg marble at rest. After the collision, the first marble is traveling west at 1.0
m/s. What is the velocity of the second marble after the collision?

Independent Activity 2: Getting More Involved in Inelastic Collisions

Direction: Solve the problems systematically.

1. A 10.0 g pebble moving at 5.00 m/s to the left collides head-on with a
0.500 kg clay moving at 1.50 m/s to the right. Where and how fast will the
clay-pebble combination move?
2. An 8.0 g bullet is fired horizontally into a 1-kg block of wood and sticks in
it. The block went flying at 40 cm/s after impact. What is the initial velocity
of the bullet?

3. A 50-kg skater is sliding east on a frozen lake at a velocity of 0.60 m/s.

She is struck by a 0.500 kg snowball whose velocity is 10 m/s toward the
north. If the snowball sticks to the skater, what is her final velocity?

Independent Assessment 2:

Directions: Solve the problems completely.

1. A 0.25 kg stone moving at 3.0 m/s overtakes a 2.0 kg lump of clay

moving at 1.0 m/s. The stone become embedded in the clay. a.) What is the
speed of the composite body after the collision? b.) How much KE is lost in
the collision?

2. A 2500 kg delivery truck moving east at 90 km/h collides head-on with a

1000 kg car moving west at 45 km/h and the they stick together. Which way
does the wreckage move and with what initial speed?

3. A 60-kg father is running at 2 m/s towards the east. His 30-kg son saw
him and went running after him at 2 m/s. The son was able to catch his
father and jumped on his back. If they continue running after the impact,
what is their common speed?

Independent Activity 3: Finding e!

Direction: Solve the given problems systematically.

1. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 10 m and rebounds to a height

of 4 m. What is the coefficient of restitution?

2. A steel ball is dropped from a height of 4.0 m. If the coefficient of

restitution is .80, find the height to which the ball rebounds.

3. A rubber ball is dropped from a certain height and rebounds to a height of

2.0 m. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.60, find the height from which
the ball is dropped?

Independent Assessment 3

Direction: Solve the given problems systematically.

1. A tennis ball dropped on the floor from a height of 250 cm rebounds to a

height of 160 cm. Find the coefficient of restitution.
2. A 2.0 kg ball moving at 2.5 m/s to the right collides head on with a 1.0 kg
ball moving at 4.0 m/s to the left. The coefficient of restitution is 0.70. Find
the speeds and directions of the balls after the collision.

3. A little girl dropped a jackstone and rebounds to a height of 15 cm. If the

coefficient of restitution is 0.40, at what height is the jackstone dropped?

What I have learned

Directions: Exit Cards: After engaging in the different word problems on

collisions, complete the following statements.

EXIT CARD

3 things I learned today…

2 things I found interesting …

1 question I still have …

 What I can do
Journal Writing: Directions: In your journal, write a short essay on the
following questions.

1. Are all types of collisions dangerous? If yes, why do you say so? If not,
what particular instances are collisions beneficial?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How does your learning on collisions a life-saving knowledge?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Directions: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is an example of elastic collision?

A. Two balls of clay which collided and coupled after the interaction.
B. A bullet fired into a tree trunk and got stuck.
C. A fly flying above a toad’s head and got swallowed by the toad
afterwards.
D. A 5- ball striking another billiard ball at rest which separates after
the collision.

2. Which never changes when two or more objects collide?

A. The momentum of each object
B. The kinetic energy of each object
C. The total momentum of all the objects
D. The total kinetic of all the objects

3.In an elastic collision, ______________________________________________.

A. momentum is conserved but not kinetic energy
B. kinetic energy is conserved but not momentum
C. momentum and kinetic energy is conserved
 D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved

4. Which statement is TRUE about inelastic collision?

A. momentum is conserved but not kinetic energy
B. kinetic energy is conserved but not momentum
C. momentum and kinetic energy is conserved
D. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved

5. In a perfectly elastic collision between two objects, their relative speed

after the collision is _____________________________.
A. zero
B. less than their relative speed before the collision
C. equal to their relative speed before the collision
D. more than their relative speed before the collision

6. A ball whose momentum p strikes a wall and bounces off. The change in
ball’s momentum is ____________________.
A. 0 B. p C. 2p D. -2p

7. A 70-kg wife moving at 3.0 m/s to the right tries to overtake her 60-kg
husband jogging at 1.5 m/s. If they accidentally got entangled and rolled
on the track, what is their common velocity after they coupled?
A. 210 m/s B. 130 m/s C. 4.50 m/s D. 2.31m/s

8. A 1000-kg car moving north at 50 km/h collides with a 1500-kg car

moving south at 70 km/h. If they stick together, what is speed of the
wreckage?
A. -22 km/h B.22 km/h C. -2.2 km/h D. 2.2 km/h

9. In what direction did the wreckage in number 8 move?

A. North B. South C. North of East D. South of east

For item numbers 10-12, refer to the following problem:

A 0.50 kg ball moving right at 1.50 m/s collides heads-on with

another ball of unknown mass at rest. The 0.50 kg ball move in the opposite
direction at 1.00 m/s after the impact and the second ball moves to the
right at 0.75 m/s.

10. What type of collision is illustrated in the problem?

A. Elastic C. Both elastic and inelastic
B. Inelastic D. Neither elastic nor inelastic

11. What is the mass of the second ball in the problem?

A. 1.67 kg B. 2.67 kg C. 3.67 kg D. 4.67 kg

12. If 0.50 kg ball in the problem comes to rest after the collision, what is
the velocity of the second ball?
 A. 10.45 m/s B. 1.45 m/s C. 0.45 m/s D. 0.045 m/s
13. In perfectly elastic collision, the coefficient of restitution _____________.
A. is 0 C. It depends on the initial velocities of the objects.
B. is 1 D. It depends on the final velocities of the objects.

14. In a perfectly inelastic collision, when the objects stick together, the
coefficient of restitution _______________________.
A. is 0 C. It depends on the initial velocities of the objects.
B.is 1 D. It depends on the final velocities of the objects.

15. A steel ball is dropped from a height of 50 cm. If the coefficient of

restitution is 0.55, what is the height at which the steel ball bounces?
A. 15.13 cm B. 15.12 cm C. 15.11 cm D. 15.10 cm

Additional Activities

Collision in 2D: Direction: Solve the given problem below.

A 2500-kg LBC truck moving north at 50 km/h collides with a 2000-

kg J&T Express truck moving east at 30 km/h. The cars stick together after
the collision. What is the speed of the wreckage and in what direction did
they move?

You did a Your Lesson 4 ends here.

Answer Key

What I Know

1. v1’ = 102.53 m/s

2. V = 11.71 m/s
What’s In

▪ It is the discretion of the teacher to the check students’ answers.

What’s New

1. and impulse
2. one or, stick then, either the same or
3. and inelastic
4. either, move apart
5. but with different direction

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

1. v2’ = 32 cm/s
2. v1’ = 5.39 m/s
3. v2’ = 1.38 m/s

Independent Assessment 1

1. v1’ = 21.70 m/s

2. Assuming m1 = m2 = 1 kg, v2’ = -0.8 m/s
3. v2’ = 2.1 m/s

Independent Activity 2

1. V = 1.37 m/s
2. v1 = 5040 cm/s
3. V = 0.87 m/s 80.540 N of E

Independent Assessment 2

1. V = 1.22 m/s; KELOST = 0.46 J

2. V = -51.43 km/h, west
3. V = 2 m/s

Independent Activity 3

1. e = 0.63
2. h’ =2.56 m
3. h = 5.56 m

Independent Assessment 3

1. e = 0.64
2. v1’= -1.18 m/s and v2’ = 3.37 m/s
3. h = 93.75 cm

What I Can Do

▪ Answers may vary. Use rubrics to assess students’ output.

Assessment

1. D 4. A 7. D 10. A 13. B
2. C 5. C 8. A 11. A 14. A
3. C 6. D 9. B 12. C 15. A

Additional
Activities

▪ V = 30.81 km/h 260 N of E

 Lesson Solving Problems on Center of Mass, Impulse, and
5 Momentum

What I Know

Finding the Outcast: Direction: Identify the given in each problem that
makes it wrong.
1. Habbi is asked by his teacher to attached three masses to a rigid rod. He
was told that the center of mass of the three masses is located at 1.21 m.
He was given the following: m 1 = 1 kg at x = 1 m, m 2 = 1.5 kg at 2.25 m,
m3 = 0.5 kg at x = 2.5, and m 4 = 2kg at x=1m. Which of these masses
should not be attached to the rod? (Neglect the rod’s mass.)
2. Jaja claims that if she is 50 kg and can run at 5 m/s, the magnitude of
her momentum can either be 250 kgm/s or 250 N.
3. Jamie says that a 5-kg and 6-kg object with the same momenta of 20
kgm/s can both have a velocity of 4 m/s to the right.
4. A 1200-kg car is sent toward a cement wall with a speed of 15 m/s during
a crash test. The impact stops the car in 0.9 seconds. The average force that
stops the car is -20000 N or -20000 kgm2/s2.
5. Two balls of identical masses are rolling in the same direction at velocities
of 1.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s respectively. The magnitude of their momenta is 1.5
kgm/s and 4.0 kgm/s.

What’s In

Naming the Equation is the Game: Direction: Given the following

equations, name the lesson/topic in which the equations/formulas are used
and briefly describe them.
1. m1x1+ m2x2 + m3x3 + … 4. Ft = Δp
CMx =
 m1 + m2 + m3 + … 5. I = Ft
2. p = mv
3. m1y1 + m2y2 + m3y3 + …
CMy =
m1 + m2 + m3 + …
What’s New
Direction: Decode the message of the module writer using the
Morse code.

Dear Learner,
../._ _ _/59-_._ _ _./ ../ _._. ._ _./._. .._ _./._ _/2
_ _/…/ .._. .. _. _../_ _ _.__/._ _ ./ ._ _ .. _ …./_ ….
._ _/ ._ _./, ../ _._. ._ _./ _… ./ … _ _ _ _ _ ._ _. ._ _.
. _../ ._ _ .. _ …./._ _./800-_./ .._. _ _ _ ._.
_._. ./ ._ _ …. ._ _/ .. …/ _ _ _._ _/ … _ _ _ _ ._
_.
._ _. .. _. _ _./ _ .. _ _ .?
../._ ._.. … _ _ _/._ _. ._.. ._ _._. . _../._/
1-_. _ _ _./… _ _ _ _ _. ./._ _/2 _ _/.._. ._. _ _ _
_ _/ _ …. ./. _. _../_ _ _ .._./ ._/4 _ _/ … _ .. _._.
_._/ ._ _ …. . ._. ./ ._ _ .. ._.. ._../ ../ ._ _. ._.. ._
_._. ./._/2 _._ _ _./… _ _ _ _ _. ./ _ _ _ _/ _... ._
._.. ._ _. _._. ./ _ …. ./ … _ .. _._. _._?

P.S. Show your answer to your teacher.

What is It
A. Finding the Center of Mass

Sample Problems:

1. Jenalyn who is 45 kg and her friend Marie whose mass is 60 kg sit on a

4.0 m long seesaw. Where is their center of mass?

Solution:
CMx = m1x1 + m2x2/m1 + m2 = (45 kg)(0) + (60 kg)(4.0 m)/105 kg = 2.29 m

2. Two masses are hanging from the ends of a 2-m bar. The masses, m 1 = 10
kg and m2 = 30 kg are each 3 cm from the ends of the bar. Where is the
balance point of the system?

Solution:
CMx = m1x1 + m2x2/ m1+ m2; m2 = origin
CMx = (10 kg)(1.97 m) + (30 kg)(0)/40 kg
CMx = 0.49 from m2

B. Investigating Impulse and Momentum Further

Sample Problems:

1. A 7.0 kg ball is rolling at a velocity of 1.5 m/s. What is the ball’s

momentum?

Solution:
p = mv
p = (7.0 kg)(1.5 m/s)
p = 10.5 kgm/s

2. Determine the impulse required to stop a 0.145 kg baseball moving at

37.5 m/s. If this impulse is delivered to the ball 0.020 seconds, then what is
the magnitude of the force acting between the bare hand and the ball.

Solution:
I = mΔv Ft = mΔv
I = (0.145 kg)(37.5 m/s) F(0.020 s) = 5.44 kgm/s
I = 5.44 kgm/s F = 272 N

3. A 5000-kg jeepney traveling west at 60 km/h collides head-on with a

9880 kg bus traveling east at 70 m/s. Determine the speed and direction of
the two cars immediately after impact if they lock together.
Solution:
m1v1 + m2v2 = MV
(5000 kg)(60 km/h) + (9880 kg)(70 km/h) = (14880 kg)(V)
V = 66.64 km/h
4. A rubber ball of mass 1 kg moving with a velocity of 12 m/s collides head-
on with a stationary rubber ball whose mass is 3 kg. Given that the collision
is elastic, what are the final velocities of the two objects? Neglect friction.
Solution:
v1’ = (m1 – m2/ m1 + m2)v1 = (1 kg -3kg/4 kg)(12 m/s)
v1’ = -6m/s
v2’ = (2m1/ m1 + m2) v1 = (1 kg/4 kg)(12 m/s) = 3 m/s

What’s More

Independent Activity 1: In the Quest for CM

Directions: Solve the unknown variable systematically.
1. Two objects of masses 3 and 7 kg are hung from the end of a stick 150
cm long. If the mass of the stick is negligible, at which point a cord should
be attached if the stick is to remain horizontal when suspended from the
cord?
2. Three balls are placed on a meter stick. Ball 1, at 0-cm mark has a of
mass 1.0 kg. Ball 2, at the 60-cm mark has a mass of 2.0 kg. Ball 3, at the
90 cm mark has a mass of 3.0 kg. If the meterstick has a negligible mass,
where is the system’s center of mass?
3. Three particles of respective masses m1= 10.0 kg, m2 = 20.0 kg, and m3 =
30.0 kg form an equilateral triangle of side length a = 140 cm. If we locate
m1 at the origin on the xy-plane, and put m 2 to the right of m1 on the x-axis
as shown in the figure below, what are the approximate coordinates of the
center

of mass of the system?

 m3

a a

m1 m2
a
Independent Assessment 1
Direction: Solve the given problems systematically.
1. Three balls are placed on a meter stick. Ball 1, at 0-cm mark has a of
mass 1.0 kg. Ball 2, at the 60-cm mark has a mass of 2.0 kg. Ball 3, at the
90 cm mark has a mass of 3.0 kg. If the meterstick has a 2kg mass, where
is the system’s center of mass?
2. Find the coordinates of the center of mass of the following three-object
system with masses and coordinates as follows: mass m1 = 2 kg at point (-
2,3), mass m2 = 5 kg at point (1,5), and mass m3 = 7 kg at point (5,3).
3. Find the center of mass of the following figure:
ys m3 Three particles are on the xy-plane,
as shown in the figure on the left. The
masses of the three particles are m 1 = 1.0
kg, m2 = 3.0 kg, and m3 = 4.0 kg. If the
m2 scales on the axes are set by x s = 4.0 m
and ys = 6.0 m, what are the xy-
coordinates of the systems center of mass?

m1 xs

Independent Activity 2: A Last Hit on Momentum & Impulse

Direction: Solve the unknown variable completely.
1. A 150N resultant force acts on a 400 kg trailer. Calculate how long it
takes this force to change the trailer’s velocity from 2 m/s to 5 m/s in the
same direction. Assume the direction of the trailer and the force is to the
right.
2. Object A with mass mA=3.0 kg moving in the +x direction with a velocity
of 1.0 m/s collides with Object B with m B=2.0 kg moving in the opposite
direction with velocity a of 2.0 m/s. After the collision, the blocks stick
together. Find the magnitude and direction of the final velocity.
3. A 1500-kg vehicle moving at 11.33 m/s westward collides with a 2500-kg
delivery truck moving at a certain velocity in the opposite direction. After
 the collision, the heavier truck attains a velocity of 15.00 m/s westward
and the lighter vehicle 12.00 m/s eastward. Find the velocity of the
heavier truck before the collision.
Independent Assessment 2:
Direction: Solve the given problems systematically.
1. A spacecraft moving at 15.0 m/s breaks apart into two pieces of equal
mass, one of which moves off at 4.0 km/s in a direction opposite to the
original direction. Find the speed and direction of the other piece.
2. On a frictionless table, a 3-kg block moving 5 m/s to the right collides
with a 2-kg block moving 10 m/s to the left. If the blocks collide and
stick together after the collision, find their final velocity.
3. Two hard, steel carts collide head-on and then separate in opposite
directions on a frictionless surface. Cart A has a mass of 0.450 kg and an
initial velocity of 2 m/s. Cart B has a mass of 0.500 kg and an initial
velocity of -0.500 m/s. After the collision, Cart A recoils with a velocity of
-4 m/s. What is the final velocity of Cart B?

What I have learned

Exit Cards: Directions: After engaging in the different problems on center

of mass, momentum, and impulse, complete each statement in the exit
cards.

What I learned from today’s

lesson is

_______________________________
_______________________________ What I want to share with my friends
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
I still don’t get it!
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________________________________
 What I can do

Journal Writing: Directions: In your journal, answer the following

questions/situations.

1. How does your lesson on center of mass related to having a focus in all
the things you do?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. As a student, what is the significance of always having a positive
momentum in your studies?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How does problem solving help you in facing real life problems?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. Jona who is 55-kg and her 60-kg husband sit on a seesaw 5.0 m long.
Where is their center of mass?
A. 2.61 cm B. 3.61 cm C. 2.61 m D. 3.61 m
2. Two objects of masses 3 and 5 kg are hung from the end of a stick 85 cm
long. If the mass of the stick is negligible, at which point a cord should be
attached if the stick is to remain horizontal when suspended from the
cord?
A. 53. 10 cm B. 53.11 cm C. 53.12 cm D. 53.13 cm
3. In problem number 2, where is the center of mass of the objects from the
5-kg mass?
A. 3.188 cm B. 31.88 cm C. 318.8 cm D. 3188 cm
4. Three particles A, B, and C are on the xy-plane. Their masses are m A =
2.00 kg, mB = 1.00 kg, and mC = 4.00 kg. The coordinates of A and B are
(-1.50 m, 0.50 m) and (0.70 m, -0.65 m), respectively. If the coordinates
of the center of mass of the three particles is (-0.50 m, -0.60 m), what is
the coordinate of particle C?
A. (-0.3, -0.24) B. (0.3, -0.24) C. (-0.3, 0.24) D. (0.3, 0.24)
5. Given the figure below:
m1 A B particles are placed at different points in a
Two
square as shown in the figure on the left. The
m2 mass of m1 = 2 kg and m2 = 1.5 kg. Find the
center of mass of the system if the length of the
sides of square is 6 cm.

C D
A

A. (2.57 m, 1.29 m) C. (-2.57 m, 1.29 m)

B. (-2.57 m, -1.29 m) D. (2.57 m, -1.29 m)

6. Kevin hits a 0.45 g golf ball giving it a speed of 65.0 m/s. What
momentum has Kevin given to the ball?
A. 3. 03 kgm/s B. 2.03 kgm/s C. 303 kgm/s D. 203 kgm/s
7. A soccer player applies an average force of 200 N during a kick. The kick
accelerates a 0.45 kg ball from rest to a speed of 15 m/s. What is the
impulse imparted to the ball?
A. 245 kgm/s B. 215 kgm/s C. 15.45 kgm/s D. 6.75 kgm/s
8. In problem number 7, what is the time of impact?
A. 0.003 s B. 0.03 s C. 0.3 s D. 1.3 s
9. A 50-kg swimmer dives into a swimming pool from a height of 5 m. When
he hits the pool, he comes to rest in about 0.10 s. What is the impulse that
the water and the bottom of the pool deliver to his body during this time
interval?
A. 495 kgm/s B. 250 kgm/s C. 50.0 kgm/s D. 0.50 kgm/s
10.What is the time-average force?
 A. 4950 N B. 4850 N C. 5950 N D. 5850 N
11. Jack Sparrow aimed his ship’s 400-kg cannon armed with a 10-kg
cannonball to the enemy’s ship. If the cannonball was fired at 20 m/s, at
what velocity did the cannon move backward?
A. 3.05 m/s B. 0.5 m/s C. -3.5 m/s D. -0.5 m/s
12. A 6,000 kg railroad car moving at 5 m/s collides into a stationary truck
of mass 3,500 kg. If the cars stick together after the collision, what is their
combined velocity?
A. 11. 16 m/s B. 3.16 m/s C. 5.16 m/s D. 7.16 m/s
13. A cue ball of mass 0.25 kg moving at 2.0 m/s to the right hits an 8-ball
at rest. If the cue ball comes to rest after the collision, what is the velocity of
the 8-ball?
A. 4.00 m/s B. 2.00 m/s C. 0.40 m/s D. 0.20 m/s
14. Two identical blocks are moving in opposite directions on a frictionless
surface. Block A is moving at 8 m/s to the right while Block B is moving at 1
m/s. What is their common velocity if they coupled after collision?
A. 2.5 m/s B. 4.5 m/s C. 5.2 m/s D. 5.4 m/s
15. A 2.7-g ping pong ball rolling on a table at 0.25m/s hits another ping
pong ball at rest. If the former ping pong ball comes to a stop after the
collision, what is the velocity of the other ping pong ball?
A. 1.25 m/s B. 0.25 m/s C. 0.025 m/s D. 0.0025 m/s

Additional Activities

Dangerous Collisions! Direction: Solve the problem as required.

A police car is moving on a straight horizontal road at a velocity of 10
m/s east. At the same instant, a thief in his 1000 kg car who is ahead of the
police car is driving with a velocity of 40 m/s in the same direction. While
traveling, the thief’s car collides head-on with a 5,000 kg truck moving at 20
m/s. After the collision, the car and the truck move together.
a.) Ignoring the effect of friction, what is the velocity of the thief’s car
immediately after the collision?
b.) Research has shown that forces greater than 85 000 N during collision
may cause fatal injuries. If the collision lasts for 0.5 s, does the collision
result to a fatal injury?

Answer Key

What I Know

1. m2 = 1.5 kg x2 = 2.25 m
2. 250 N
3. can both have a velocity of 4 m/s to the right
4. -2000 kgm2/s2
5. 4.0 kgm/s

What’s In

-It is the discretion of the teacher to check students’ output.

What’s New

Dear Learner,
I am 59 kg. I can run at 2 m/s. Find my p. With that p, I can be
stopped by a 800-N force. What is my stopping time?
I also placed a 1-kg stone at 2-m from the end of a 4 m stick. Where
will I place a 2-kg stone to balance the stick?

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
1. CMx = 105 m
2. CMx = 65 cm
3. (81.67 cm, 70 cm)
Independent Assessment 1
1. CM = 61.25 cm
2. (2.57, 3.71)
3. (2.5, 4.13)
Independent Activity 2
1. t = 8 s
2. V = -0.2 m/s in the -x direction
3. v1 = -1.00 m/s westward
Independent Assessment 2
1. v2 = 34 m/s
2. V = -1.0 m/s
3. v2’ = 4.9 m/s

What I Have Learned

-It is the discretion of the teacher to check students’ answers.

What I Can Do

-Answers may vary. Use rubrics to assess students’ output.

Assessment
1. C 4. A 7. D 10. A 13.B
2. D 5. A 8. C 11. D 14. B
3. B 6. A 9. A 12. B 15. B

Additional Activities

a. vthiefs car = -10 m/s

b. Fnet = -100,000 N – The collision is FATAL.

References:

a. Books
 Beiser, Arthur, 1992. Modern Technical Physics. United States of
America. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Coronado, Gary B. and Boncodin, Maria Carmela A., 2006. Physics.

Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Padua, Alicia L. et. al., 2003. Practical and Explorational Physics.

Philippines. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

Thompson, Marilyn et.al.2002. Physical Science. United States of

America. Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Companies.

b. Internet Sources:

“Center of
mass”.https://web.iit.edu/sites/web/files/departments/academic-affairs/
academic-resource-center/pdfs/Center_of_Mass.pdf.

“Center of Mass practice

questions”.https://www.coursehero.com/file/11591029/Center-of-Mass-
practice-questions-with-solutions/.
“Center of Mass Problems”.
https://www.beaverdam.k12.wi.us/faculty/letkewiczt/CENTER%20OF
%20MASS%20PROBLEMS%20%20SOLUTIONS.pdf.

“Center of Mass Worksheet”

https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib4/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain/135
7/CM%20HW.pdf

Elert, Glen. “The Physics Hypertextbook-Conservation of Momentum”.

https://physics.info/momentum-conservation/problems.shtml.

Helmenstine, Todd. “Elastic Collision Example Problem-Physics

Example Problem”. 17 April 2017,https://sciencenotes.org/elastic-
collision-example-problem-physics-example-problems/
https://physics.info/momentum-conservation/problems.shtml.

“Honors Physics-Center of
Mass”.https://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/honors/momentum/honors
_center_of_mass.html.

“Understanding Conservation of Momentum”

https://www.varsitytutors.com/high_school_physics-help/understanding-
conservation-of-momentum.
 “What is center of
mass”.https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/linear-
momentum/center-of-mass/a/what-is-center-of-mass.

Image/Photo Credits:
www.google.com