NAME: ___________________________

YEAR & SECTION: ________________________

Parent’s Signature over Printed Name: Date:

Subject Teacher: Mr. Jonell A. Padongao

Contact Number: 0951-553-4497

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Module 1 - Quarter 2 / Week 1

Lesson 3.1 Angles and Circles

Content Standards

The learners demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of circular functions,

trigonometric identities, inverse trigonometric functions, and the polar coordinate system.

Performance Standards

The learners shall be able to formulate and solve accurately situational problems involving circular
functions.

Learning Competency

The learners…

1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and angular measures of a
central angle in a unit circle. STEM_PC11T-IIa-1
2. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa. STEM_PC11T-IIa-2
3. Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles. STEM_PC11T-IIa-3

Specific Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:

1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and angular measures of a
central angle in a unit circle.
2. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa.
3. Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles.

Discussion

Let us start on our discussion by recalling the definition of an angle. An angle is a plane figure
consisting of two rays having the same endpoint. The two rays are called the sides of the angle, while
the common endpoint is called the angle’s vertex. One of the sides is chosen as the initial side; the
other one is then called the terminal side. The measure of an angle is the amount by which the
initial side has to turn so it will coincide with the terminal side.

Terminal side
An angle α rotated in a
counterclockwise direction is positive.
vertex
Initial side

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 An angle β rotated in a clockwise
direction is negative.

An angle can be drawn in the xy-plane. An angle with its vertex at the origin and its initial side
along the positive x-axis is said to be in standard form.

Now, to actually measure an angle, we have at least three choices for the unit of
measurement. One unit of measurement is called the revolution. An angle is measured as one
revolution if the initial side takes exactly one complete counterclockwise turn to reach the terminal
side. A complete turn means the initial side coincides with the terminal side for the first time after
the turn. Equivalently, if a circle has center at the origin, a one-revolution angle is an angle that
sweeps the entire circumference of the circle exactly once in the counterclockwise direction.

Example 1: Shown here are angles in standard position of measure.

3
1. revolution:
4

−1
2. revolution:
6

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 3. 2 revolutions:

Exercise 1:

Sketch the angle in standard position with the given measure. Indicate in which quadrant the angle
lies, if possible, or that it is a quadrantal angle, otherwise.

5
1. revolution
12

−7
2. revolution
8

5
3. revolution
2

1
Another unit of angle measure is the degree. One degree (1˚) is the measure of th of a
360
revolution. That is, if we slice through the center a circular region into 360 sectors of equal area, the
measure of each sector’s subtended central angle is one degree. It then follows that one revolution is
equivalent to 360˚.

Example 2: The measures in degree of the angles in example 1 are calculated as follows:

3 360˚
1. rev x = 270˚
4 1 rev

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 −1 360˚
2. rev x = -60˚
6 1 rev

360˚
3. 2 rev x = 720˚
1 rev

Exercise 2:

Convert the following angle measures into degrees.

5
1. rev
12

−7
2. rev
8

5
3. rev
2

Example 3:

Sketch the given angle in standard position with the given measure.

1. -120˚

Solution:

1 rev −120 1
Note that -120˚ x = rev = - rev. Thus, the required angle is as shown below:
360˚ 360 3

2. 990˚

Solution:

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 1. Before we convert measures, we note that 990˚ = 2(360˚) + 270˚, indicating that the angle is
coterminal with an angle of measure 270˚. Thus, to sketch the angle, we need only sketch a
270˚ angle, and then from the currently obtained terminal side sketched curved arrows
representing two complete counterclockwise turns. Now,
1 rev 270 3
270˚ x = rev = rev
360˚ 360 4

Thus, the required angle is as shown below:

Exercise 3:

Sketch the angle in standard position with the given measure.

1. 2010˚

2. -495˚

The third unit of measurement used for angles that we shall consider in the radian, which is the
unit of measure that directly links central angles with the lengths of their intercepted arcs. To see
why, consider the following definition: a central angle of the unit circle is measured as one radian (1
rad) if its intercepted arc has length 1. That is, an arc of the unit circle has length s if and only if it
subtends a central angle of measure s radians. Thus, since the unit circle has radius 1 and hence
circumference 2 π , one revolution is then equivalent to 2 π radians.

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Example 4:

Sketch the angle in standard position with the given measure.

7π
1. rad
4

−10 π
2. rad
3

Solution:

7π 1 rev 7π 7
1. Note that rad x = rev = rev. Thus, the required angle is as shown below:
4 2 πrad 8 π 8

−10 π 4π
2. We note first that rad = -2 π− rad, which indicates that the angle is coterminal
3 3
−4 π −4 π
with an angle of measure rad. Thus, to sketch the angle, we need only sketch a rad-
3 3
angle, and then from the currently obtained terminal side sketch a curved arrow representing
one complete clockwise turn. Now,

−4 π 1 rev −4 π −2
rad x = rev = rev
3 2 πrad 6π 3

Thus, the required angle is as shown below:

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Exercise 4:

Sketch the angle in standard position with the given measure.

1. -11 π rad

29 π
2. rad
6

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 WORKSHEET 1

Name:_______________________ Year & Track:_______________

Date:______________

I. Sketch the angle in standard position.

−3
1. rev
8

2. -210˚

14 π
3. rad
3

II. Complete the following table with the equivalent angle measures.

Revolutions Degrees Radians

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 5
rev
8
240˚
7π
8
-270˚

III. How many revolutions per second does a 36-cm diameter pulley make if it is turned by a
m
belt being pulled at the rate of 6 ? Assume that the belt does not slip as it is being
s
pulled.

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