潘国柱

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literary words
old-fashioned
formal
thesaurus 同义词词典

manifest 显示，表明 v 明显的 adj

The shareholders have manifested

their intention to sell the shares.
show

make a showy display of one's

abilities

domineering 专横的，霸道的
dominate 主导，控制 v
domesticate 驯养 v
domestic 国内的，家庭的
docile 驯服的
doctrine 教条 n
dogma 教条 n
fragile
fertile

someone who is domineering tries to

control other people without
considering their feelings or ideas –
used to show disapproval 贬义
show approval 褒义
a domineering mother
Amy's domineering attitude as the
group leader made her group
members dislike her.

charisma 领袖魅力 n
cha 中国 CHN
ris 升起 rise
ma mao
charismatic 有领袖魅力的 adj
charm 魅力 n
a natural ability to attract and
interest other people and make them
admire you

panache 潇洒 n
expand
pan- 泛
panorama 全景 n
panacea 万灵药 n
-a 病
-ia 病
amnesia 健忘症 n
phobia 恐惧症 n
cholera 霍乱 n
asthma 哮喘 n
arthritis 关节炎 n

extensive
universal remedy 万灵药
pandemic 大流行病，全球性流行病
endemic 地方性流行病
epidemic 流行病

a way of doing things that makes

them seem easy and exciting, and
makes other people admire you
They played and sang with great
panache.
skillfully

Capture life’s moments in detail

The HTC Panache is built for
sharing everything around you.

Panache is a word of French origin

that carries the connotation 含义 of
a flamboyant 炫 耀 的 ， 浮 夸 的
manner and reckless 鲁 莽 的
courage.
fl-
float
flotsam 漂浮的残骸 n
fluctuate 波动 v
influx 涌入 n
flock 涌 v 群 n
a flock of birds
Myriad tourists flock to this resort
every year.
myriad 许多的
Violence should be your last resort.
resort to 使用，诉诸
notion 概念 n = concept
contain 包含 v

all brawn and no brains 有勇无谋的

brawn 力量，肌肉 strength
to be strong but not smart
Mina has the brains, I have the
brawn.
In this job you need brains as well as
brawn.
safe and sound 安然无恙地
sound 健康的
retiring 害羞的，内向的
reticent 沉默寡言的
obstinate 顽固的
obdurate 顽固的
evanescent 短暂的
ephemeral 短暂的

flamboyant
flame
behaving in a confident or exciting
way that makes people notice you
He wears flamboyant clothes more
suited to a rock star than a literary
figure. 文学青年
人物

Rich second generation are Chinese

men born into rich families after the
1980s.

In the well-known work the Analects

of Confucius, China's great thinker
Confucius commented: "With
education there is no distinction
between classes or races of men,"
emphasizing that education should
be equal for everyone, regardless of
无 论 age, background and social
status.

pedestrian 平庸的
contra- 反
contradict 反驳 v
seemingly 表面上 adv
in stark 明显的 contrast to
In marked 明 显 的 contrast to the
old adage 格言, an explosion of high-
end 高端的 training classes tailored
for the rich second generation (Rich
2G) appeared recently.
This course is tailored for you.
量身定做

markedly /……kidli/ 明显地

The extreme poverty of the local
people is in stark contrast to the
wealth of the tourists.

adage
proverb
According to the old adage, a picture
is worth a thousand words.

gaudy 俗气的
garish 俗气的
mundane 尘世的，世俗的，无聊的
ostentatious 炫耀的
ostensible 表面上的
She carried her car keys on an
ostentatious gold key ring.
The ostensible reason for his
resignation was ill health.

Before the economy opened up, a

chic suit meant one with the label of
a state-owned factory sewn
ostentatiously on the sleeve. How
times change.
Sales of luxury goods are exploding,
despite a hefty tax on importing
them.

chic 新潮的
= fashionable
She is always so chic, so elegant.

privately-owned 私有的

hefty
= massive
If he is found guilty he faces a hefty
fine. 罚款

Overseas aid to Africa being

outweighed by hefty costs of
importing oil
Advantages outweigh disadvantages.
优点多于缺点
characterize 描述 sb as
characterize 是……的特征 v
tenacity 顽强，顽固 n
Mr. Johnson is characterized by
tenacity.
personify 体现 v
Mr. Johnson personifies tenacity.

tenacious adj
audacity 胆大 n
audacious 胆大的 adj
dare 敢 v

The Obama administration 政 府

called Thursday for hefty tariffs on
Chinese-made solar panels and cells,
arguing China has been illegally
"dumping" 倾 销 under-priced
products on the U.S. market.
tariff 税
successive 连续的，继承的
three successive days 连续三天
succeed 继承 v
Successive administrations could not
solve the problem.

difference between duty and tariff

The words duty and tariff both refer
to taxes due to the government on
imported goods.
The two words can often be used
interchangeably 互 换 地 , but
occasionally only one is correct, as in
正如 the following examples:

“How much duty did you have to

pay?”

“The minister spoke about the

economic effect of tariffs.”

As these examples show, when we

talk about the system of government-
imposed duties or the list of such
duties, the word tariff is more
appropriate, but we use duty or
customs duty when we mention
specific amounts.
impose 强加 v
impose sth on sb
curfew 宵禁 n

dumping
If a company exports a product at a
price lower than the price it
normally charges in its own home
market, it is said to be "dumping"
the product.

What is anti-dumping duty?

A penalty imposed on suspiciously
low-priced imports, to increase their
price in the importing country and so
protect local industry from unfair
competition.
flaunt 炫耀 v
The rich flaunted their wealth while
the poor starved on the streets.
daunting 令人生畏的
undaunted 无畏的
haunted 闹鬼的

If I had legs like yours, I'd wear

really short dresses.
If you've got it, flaunt it!

In China where the gap between the

rich and the poor is increasingly
widening, the rich spare no efforts 不
遗 余 力 in flaunting their wealth
instead of making donations and
helping the poor.
spare no expense 不惜代价

China's Elite Learn to Flaunt It

While the New Landless Weep
elite 精英，统治阶级 n
elect

An elite in political and sociological

theory, is a small group of people
who control a disproportionate 不 成
比例的 amount of wealth or political
power.

The Privileges of China’s Elite

Include Purified Air

Membership in the upper ranks of

the Chinese Communist Party has
always had a few undeniable
advantages.

There are the state-supplied luxury

sedans, special schools for the young
ones and even organic produce
grown on well-guarded, government-
run farms.
When they fall ill, senior leaders can
check into 301 Military Hospital,
long considered the capital’s premier
medical institution.
institution 机构
institute 学院 MIT

sedan 小轿车
sedentary 久坐的
sunset
settle 定居，沉淀 v
sediment 沉淀物 n
sedate 使平静 v 平静的 adj
sedative 镇静剂 n
preservative 防腐剂 n
additive 添加剂 n
addictive 令人上瘾的
laxative 泻药 n

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has

been linked with an increased risk of
heart disease.
obesity 肥胖症 n

premier 最好的，最重要的
best or most important
premiere 首映 n
the first public performance of a
movie or play
The movie will have its premiere in
July.
His new movie premieres in New
York this week
debut 首演，处子秀 n
the first public appearance of an
entertainer, sports player etc or of
something new and important
He scored in his debut match for the
club.
genre 流派 n
generate 产生 v
progenitor 祖先 n
progeny 后代 n
genius
前
paradoxical 矛盾的

elitist 精英主义者
A person who believes that they are
superior 高人一等的 to others (and
thus deserve favored 有利的 status)
because of their intellect, social
status, wealth, or other factors.
inferior 低人一等的

China’s most-favored-nation 最 惠 国
待遇 trading status with the US
grant 给予 v
give

Clinton Grants China MFN,

Reversing Campaign Pledge
pledge 誓言 n
campaign 战役，活动（选举）
reverse 扭转 v
adversity 逆境 n
adversary 对手 n

route
President Clinton Thursday reversed
course on China and renewed its
trade privileges despite what he said
was Beijing's lack of significant
progress on human rights.

lay the foundation for 为……打下基

础
unfounded 没有根据的
founder 创始人 n 沉没，失败 v
方正
"This decision offers us the best
opportunity to lay the basis for long-
term sustainable 可持续的 progress
on human rights and for the
advancement of our other interests
with China," he said at a news
conference announcing his decision
to extend China's most-favored-
nation (MFN) trade status.

reckless 鲁莽的
reckon 认为 v
He was accused of causing death by
reckless driving.

Reckless driving is a major moving

traffic violation.
violate 违反 human rights
Any person who drives any vehicle in
willful or wanton 放 肆 的 disregard
for the safety of persons or property
is guilty of reckless driving.
willful 任性的
ambiguity 歧义 n
ambiguous 模棱两可的（物）
ambivalent 心理矛盾的（人）
equivocal 模棱两可的
equivocate 支吾 v
A wanton action deliberately causes
harm, damage, or waste without
having any reason to.

Wonton noodles is a Cantonese

noodle dish which is popular in
Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Singapore,
Thailand, and Malaysia.

His nervousness was manifest to all

those present.

blatant 明目张胆的
Outsiders will continue to suffer the
most blatant discrimination.
unpleasantly clear

Women are still blatantly

discriminated against in the office

It is widely known that girls perform

better at school than boys and that
Ireland enjoys the highest percentage
of women graduates in Europe, yet
despite this, the sad truth is that
Irish women are blatantly
discriminated against when they
enter the world of work.

Use “blatant” or “blatantly” only

when you think the people you are
talking about should be ashamed of
themselves.
hospitable 热情好客的，适合居住的
hospitality n
inhospitable 不热情好客的，不适合
居住的
hostile 有敌意的，不适合居住的
host
inimical 有敌意的
enmity 敌意 n

The Tunisian referee 裁 判 failed to

spot the blatant handball and
Argentina eventually won the game
2-1.
refer to 参考

Maradona later described the goal as

"The Hand Of God."
Argentina went on to win the trophy
奖 杯 beating West Germany 3-2 in
the final.
triumph 胜利 n

Human Rights Watch said in a

statement Monday the killings
constitute a war crime, and show the
guerrilla 游 击 队 group's "blatant
disregard for human life."
gorilla 大猩猩
chimpanzee 黑猩猩
chimp
Human Rights Watch is an
international non-governmental
organization that conducts research
and advocacy on human rights.
nonprofit 非营利性的
conduct 进行，传导 v
experiment
misconduct 错误的行为
conduct 行为 n
demeanor 行为 n
demean 贬低 v

patent 专利 n 明显的 adj

special document that gives you the
right to make or sell a new invention
or product that no one else is allowed
to

I don't know how you could believe

that for even a second; it's a patent
lie!
affect 假装，影响 v
affected 假装的，做作的
He often affects generosity.
magnanimous 大方的
magnanimity 大方 n
munificent 大方的
munificence 大方 n
magnificent 宏伟的
magnify 放大，夸大 v
Your majesty 陛下
Your highness
minister 大臣 n
minion 仆人 n

Was The Apollo Moon Landing

Fake?
One NASA picture from Apollo 11 is
looking up at Neil Armstrong about
to take his giant step for mankind.
The photographer must have been
lying on the planet surface.
If Armstrong was the first man on
the Moon, then who took the shot?
And why is the flag fluttering if there
is no air or wind on the moon?
flutter 拍打 v
flap 拍打 v
unflappable 冷静的
fluster 使不安 v
flustered 不安的，慌乱的
composure 冷静 n
compose yourself = calm down
Don’t freak out.

Different Moon landing conspiracy

theories claim that some or all
elements of the Apollo program and
the associated Moon landings were
hoaxes staged by NASA and
members of other organizations.
subterfuge 欺骗 n
chicanery 欺骗 n
charlatan 骗子 n
quack 江湖郎中 n
Various groups and individuals have
made such conspiracy claims since
the end of the Apollo program in
1975.
hoax 恶作剧，骗局 n
coax 哄骗 v
cajole 哄骗 v

plot 剧情，阴谋 n
plan
conspire 密谋 v
respire 呼吸 v
expire 过期，断气 v
demise 死亡 n

SARS
severe 严重的
acute 急性的
chronic 慢性的
time
chronicle 编年史 n
biography 传记 n
anachronism 时代错误 n
a- 否定
atypical 非典型的
pneumonia 肺炎 n
asymmetrical 不对称的
respiratory 呼吸的
syndrome 综合症 n
synthesize 合成 v
photosynthesis 光合作用 n
photon 光子
proton 质子
ion 离子
electron 电子
neutron 中子

patent
palpable 明显的，可以被感觉到的
noticeable
His statement is palpable nonsense.
compassion 同情 n
sympathy 同情 n
dispassionate 冷静的，公正的
detached 客观的，公正的
attach 粘附 v
detach 分离 v
tear 撕碎 v
detached villa 独立别墅

conventional 传统的
convention 传统，大会
Disembarking precedes embarking.
disembark 下车 v
embark 上车 v
precede 先于 v
follow
dis-
disseminate 散播 v
precedent 先例 n
unprecedented 史无前例的

Internet connections through

conventional phone lines are fairly
slow.
He is conventional in his approach to
life.

be referred to as 被称为
be called
be known as
be dubbed
be termed
dub 称为，配音 v
aka
also known as 也叫做
literal 字面的，实际的
actual
literate 有文化的
literary 文学的

The traditional or conventional

marketing is generally what is
referred to as a “push process”,
whereby you are literally pushing
your marketing materials to the
targeted market, through the use of
Radios, Televisions, Exhibitions,
direct mail, brochures etc.
brochure 小册子
leaflet 小册子
booklet 小册子
leaf
interleaf 空白页
interleave 插入空白页 v
piglet 小猪 n
swine 猪 n
swine flu 猪流感

In a nutshell 总的来说, the rationale

behind broadcasting is to bit by bit
prod 戳，刺激 the consumer to have
a bite at what you are marketing.
poke 戳 v
probe 探索 v
prop 道具 n 支撑 v
stimulate 刺激 v

rational 理智的
irrational 不理智的

whereby 凭借这种方式
by means of which
by this means
They have introduced a new system
whereby all employees must undergo
regular training.

rationale 理由 n
reason
The rationale for using this teaching
method is to encourage student
confidence.

Internet marketing is quite different

and is generally called a pull
procedure. The meaning to this is
that the person searching the
websites for your service or product
is ready to buy more or at least they
are searching for a future buy.
They are gathering information with
the aim of buying instantly or later.
garner 收集 v
wield 挥舞，运用 v
wield the words expertly
yield 产生，屈服 to v

orthodox 正统的
mainstream 主流的
He challenged the orthodox views on
education.

Orthodox economists believe that a

recession 衰退 is now inevitable.
recess 课间休息 n
procession 庆典游行 parade
concession 让步 n
incessant 不停的
ceaseless 不停的
relentless 不停的，无情的
unrelenting 不停的，无情的
Relentless pursuit of success 永不言
败
relent 态度软化 v
lenient 宽容的
strict
omit 忽略 v

cease 停止 v
ceasefire 停战 n
truce 停战 n
armistice 停战 n

orthodontics 正牙 n
the skill or job of helping teeth to
grow straight when they have not
been growing correctly
orthodontist 正牙医生

heterodox 非正统的
hetero- 异
homo- 同
heterogeneous 异类的
homogeneous 同类的
homosexual
heterosexual
gay
gaiety 快乐 n
merriment 快乐 n

stereotype 刻板印象 n
He doesn't conform to the usual
stereotype of the businessman with a
dark suit and briefcase.
conform to 遵守，符合
Many men feel their body shape
doesn't live up to the stereotype of
the ideal man.
live up to 达到 expectation

The film has certainly lived up to my

expectations.
exceed 超过 v
A stereotype is a popular belief about
specific types of individuals or
certain way of doing things.

Stereotypes are standardized and

simplified conceptions of people
based on some prior 先 前 的
assumptions.
prior to = before
interrogate 盘问 v
Do you have prior connection with
the suspect?
simplify 简化 v
simplistic 过于简单的
assumption 假设 n
presumption 假设 n
hypothesis 假设 n
hypocrite 虚伪的人
hypocritical 虚伪的
hypercritical 吹毛求疵的
cynical 愤世嫉俗的
captious 吹毛求疵的
quibbling 吹毛求疵的
carping 吹毛求疵的
carp 找茬 v 鲤鱼 n
find fault
perch 树枝，鲈鱼 n
hinge 合页 n
unhinge 使精神错乱 v

Stereotypes About China and

Chinese People

What are the stereotypes of

Americans towards China and
Chinese people?

It is well-known that Chinese people

are traditional and conservative.
They are not used to expressing
themselves.
They do not use thank you or I love
you as much as Americans do.
They are not very open-minded.
Most of them do not have beliefs.
They have no faith in God.
But they think highly of Buddhism.
They cherish a family or a clan.
They will live with their parents in
some cases even at a very old age.

For some Americans, they think that

the Chinese people wear old-
fashioned clothes like people did in
Qing Dynasty.
conceive 认为，构想 v
concept 概念 n
They also conceive people in Tibet
are nice and highly educated.
But people in the mainland are rude
and uneducated.
Chinese students are good at
mathematics but they are not so
capable of manually doing things.
man- 手
ped- 脚
manicure 美甲
pedicure 美甲

Korean men beat their wives.

Korean guys strive to look more
feminine 女性的 than girls.
masculine 男性的
androgynous 雌雄同体的
prank 恶作剧 n
outrage 震怒 n
rage 愤怒 n
wrath 愤怒 n
irascible 易怒的
cantankerous 易怒的
irate 愤怒的
irritate 激怒 v
crypt 教堂地下室 n
cryptic 神秘的

Koreans outrageously hate Japanese

and Chinese. (not really a stereotype,
since it’s true)
Koreans think they're superior to
other races.
Koreans are racists against anyone
who are not from South Korea.

prototype 原型 n

contend 认为，争夺 v
contender 争夺者 n
contentious 有争议的，爱争吵的
controversial
Try to avoid any contentious
wording.
argumentative 爱争吵的
diction 措辞，发音 n
dict- 说话
dictum 格言 n

Pakistan blocks Twitter over

contentious tweets
Pakistan blocked the social
networking website Twitter for
several hours because it refused to
remove tweets considered offensive
to Islam, said one of the country's
top telecommunications officials.

The tweets were promoting a

competition on Facebook to post
images of Islam's Prophet
Muhammad. Many Muslims regard
depictions of the prophet, even
favorable 有利的，赞许的 ones, as
blasphemous 亵渎的.
prophet 先知 n
favorable comment 好评
adverse comment 差评
blasphemy 亵渎 n
something you say or do that is
insulting to God or people’s religious
beliefs
The book has been widely
condemned as blasphemous.
condemn 谴责 v
damn
tmd
diatribe 谴责 n
reproach 谴责 v
reprimand 谴责 v
reprehensible 应该受到谴责的
consecrate 使神圣，开光 v
desecrate 亵渎 v
sacred 神圣的
decrypt 破解 v

The government restored access to

Twitter before midnight Sunday,
about eight hours after it initially
blocked access, possibly because of
public criticism it received for its
censorship .
censor 审查 v
uncensored version 完整版
censure 谴责 v
censored
mosaic 马赛克

Even when Twitter was blocked

Sunday, many people based in
Pakistan continued to use the website
by employing programs that disguise
the user's location.
employ 使用 v
exploit 利用，开发，剥削 v
draw on 借鉴，利用
drag 拽，拉 v

web + log
blog 博客
log 日志，木头
logging 伐木 n

Twitter
Twitter is an online social
networking service and
microblogging service that enables
its users to send and read text-based
posts of up to 140 characters, known
as "tweets".
Chinese character 中文字

A Facebook status update is limited

to 420 characters (including spaces).

It has been described as "the SMS of

the Internet." Unregistered users can
read the tweets, while registered
users can post tweets through the
website interface, SMS, or a range of
apps for mobile devices.

SMS (Short Message Service) is a

form of text messaging
communication on phones and
mobile phones.

prophet
In religion, a prophet is an individual
who is claimed to have been
contacted by the supernatural or the
divine 神的，天的, and to speak for
them, serving as an intermediary 中
间 人 with humanity, delivering this
newfound knowledge from the
supernatural entity 实 体 to other
people.
political entity
The message that the prophet
conveys is called a prophecy.
prophecy 预言 n /si/
prophesy 预言 v /sai/
clairvoyant 声称能预知未来的人

entity
These countries can no longer be
viewed as a single entity.

The Top 175 Global Economic

Entities, 2009
inquiry 询问 n
inquire 询问 v
After mentioning it in a blog a couple
of days ago, I’ve received a number
of inquiries regarding 关于 the list of
the world’s largest economic entities
(countries versus corporations) that I
use in my lectures. The version that
I’ve used in the past is from 2007.
Using the list as the foundation, I’ve
updated the table to reflect the most
current data possible. The revised list
below includes the world’s largest
economic entities as measured by
Gross Domestic Product (Source:
World Bank, 1 July 2010) and Total
Revenue (Source: Fortune Magazine,
26 July 2010). .
gross 恶心的，总的
revenue 收入 n
advent 出现，到来 n
with the advent of 随着……的到来
vent 通风口 n 发泄 v

1. US
2. Eurozone
3. Japan
4. China
23. Wal-Mart
34. Royal Dutch Shell
35. Exxon Mobil
38. British Petroleum
45. Toyota Motor
50. Sinopec
Sino- 中国
Sino-US relationship

“China is expected to become the

largest economic entity in the world
by 2030. ”
apocalypse 世界末日 n

Lin explained that he was not blindly

optimistic about the prospects of the
Chinese economy and Chinese
enterprises.
The Chinese economy has
maintained an annual average
growth rate reaching 9.7 percent and
Chinese economic growth increased
by 9.5 times since China adopted
reform and opening up policy 25
years ago.
Judging from either the macro
history of economic development or
the micro data of the economic
development in recent years, China
has already felt a rejuvenating way
in which the Chinese economy would
maintain an annual average growth
rate of 7 to 10 per cent in the next 20
to 30 years or even longer.
And the economic strength could
make China rank among the world's
economic giants.
rejuvenate 使焕发活力，使重新年轻
revitalize 复兴 v
vitality 活力，生命力 n
vital 重要的，有生命力的，生死攸
关的
Shelley was advised that the Italian
climate would rejuvenate him.
juvenile 青年的 junior
Juvenile crime is increasing at a
terrifying rate.

Muhammad was a leader from

Mecca who unified the tribes of
Arabia into a single religious polity
under Islam. He is believed by
Muslims to be a messenger and
prophet of God.
regime n
regiment n
regal
regimented
rigorous ，
rigid ，
royal

mecca 向往的地方
Florence is a mecca for students of
Art History.
Thailand has become the tourist
mecca of Asia.
bible 必读的书
The Art of War written by the great
Chinese general, Sun Tzu is
considered to be a bible for military
strategy.
Leaders like Napoleon and Mao
Zedong have applied these teachings
and won numerous wars.
Even to this day, the Art of war is a
recommended read for intelligence
officers and is compulsory for CIA
officers.
In today's modern world, can the
teachings of the great Sun Tzu still
be applied on the battlefield and the
business world ?

Sun Tzu was an ancient Chinese

military general, strategist and
philosopher who is traditionally
believed to be the author of The Art
of War, an influential ancient
Chinese book on military strategy.

A leader leads by example not by

force.

Speed is the essence of war. Take

advantage of the enemy's
unpreparedness; travel by
unexpected routes and strike him
where he has taken no precautions.

It is said that if you know your

enemies and know yourself, you will
not be imperiled in a hundred
battles;
if you do not know your enemies but
do know yourself, you will win one
and lose one;
if you do not know your enemies nor
yourself, you will be imperiled in
every single battle.

imperil 使危险 v
endanger
Tax increases now might imperil
economic recovery.
perilous 危险的
jeopardize 危及 v
jeopardy 危险 n
civilian 平民 n

Thus those skilled in war subdue the

enemy's army without battle. They
conquer by strategy.
subdue 征服 v
conquer
Napoleon subdued much of Europe.
submit 屈服，提交 v
yield
She refused to submit to threats.
Most doctors want their patients to
be submissive 屈服的.
intractable 倔强的，难以控制的
retract 收回 v

The hijackers refuse to yield to

demands to release the passengers.
yield
yield good effects
unyielding
indomitable 不屈不挠的
dominate
control
tenacious
When the enemy is relaxed, make
them toil. When full, starve them.
When settled, make them move.

toil 操劳 v
to work very hard for a long period
of time
arduous 辛苦的
ardor 狂热 n
onerous 辛苦的
onus 责任 n

divine
He suggested that the civil war had
been a divine punishment 天谴.
The governor of Tokyo, Shintaro
Ishihara, has apologized after
suggesting that the tsunami that has
so far claimed at least 3,000 lives was
"divine punishment" for the
"egoism" of the Japanese people.
egotism 自我为中心 n
celestial 天的 body
egotistical 自我为中心的
egotistic 自我为中心的
self-centered
economic 经济的
economical 节约的
economy 节约，简洁 n
succinct
terse 简洁的
ornate 华丽的
adorn 装饰 v
ornament 装饰品 n

claim 夺去生命 v

Ishihara, a conservative who will

seek a fourth consecutive term as
governor next month, retracted the
remarks and offered a "deep
apology".
withdraw 收回，取钱，撤退，退出
divine
devout 虔诚的
devote 全心投入 v
devotional 宗教的
ritual 仪式 n
rite 仪式 n
pious 虔诚的
theology 神学 n
theism 有神论 n
atheism 无神论 n

celestial
Why was China known as the
Celestial Empire?
The name is a direct translation of
Chinese term Tian Chao, namely 那
就是 empire of heaven.
The origin of it can be traced back to
the traditional religion of China.
In China, heaven is often considered
the highest deity 神.
deify 神化 v
The emperors are the sons of the
heaven (Tian Zi) and are born to
govern the country.
The emperors are also considered as
the human form of Chinese dragon.
avatar 天神下凡，化身，头像 n
incarnation 化身 n
the incarnation of wisdom
carn- 血肉 flesh
reincarnation 转世 n
carcass 动物尸体 n
scavenger 食腐动物 n
celestial body
celestial voice
It is nearly impossible for Sarah
Brightman to put out a poor album.
With her celestial voice and nearly
infallible instinct for song choice, she
is almost always a safe bet to
purchase.
infallible 不会犯错的
No expert is infallible.
err 犯错 v
To err is human.
unerring 不会犯错的

impeccable 完美的
wood pecker 啄木鸟
peck 啄 v

assimilation 同化 n
assimilate 同化，吸收
synthesize 合成 v

It proves that computer spelling

checkers are not infallible!
Eye halve a spelling chequer
It came with my pea sea
I have a spelling checker
It came with my PC

a trouble shared is a trouble halved

The work force has been halved in
two years.
halve 减半 v
curtail 缩减 v
truncate 缩减 v

like two peas in a pod

exactly the same in appearance,
behavior etc
pea 豌豆 n
pod 豆荚 n
identical 一模一样的
identical twins 同卵双胞胎
fraternal 兄弟的 love
misconstrue 误解 v
misinterpret 误解 v
sororal 姐妹的
paternal 父亲的
maternal 母亲的
parental 父母的
filial 子女的
affiliate 子公司 n 隶属 v

intermediary 中间人
Jackson acted as an intermediary
between the two parties.
party A 甲方
mediator 调停者 n
mediate 调停 v
meditate 思考，冥想 v
contemplate 思考 v
doing
temple 太阳穴，庙 n
ruminate 反刍，思考 v

beneficiary 受益人 n
The rich were the main beneficiaries
of the tax cuts.
He was the chief beneficiary of his
father’s will 遗嘱.
benefactor 慈善家，施主
An anonymous 匿 名 的 benefactor
donated $2 million.
benign 良性的 disease
malignant 恶性的
malign 诽谤 v
ben- good
mal- bad
benediction 祝福 n
malediction 诅咒 n
philanthropist 慈善家 n
philanthropy 慈善 n
charitable cause 慈善事业
cause 事业 n
charity 善款，慈善机构 n
anthropology 人类学 n
anthropoid 类人猿 n
phil- 爱
philanderer 花花公子
pho- 讨厌，恐惧
phobia 恐惧症 n
acrophobia 恐高症 n
xenophobia 外国人恐惧症，排外 n

wizard 巫师，高手 n
maverick 未打烙印的小牛，标新立
异者
committee 委员会 n
committed 全心投入的
-ee 被……的人
nominee 被提名人 n
nominal 名义上的 ostensible
artificial 人工的
artisan 手工艺者 n
partisan 有党派倾向的人 n
party
In politics, a partisan is a committed
member of a political party.
In multi-party systems, the term is
widely understood to carry a
negative connotation - referring to
those who wholly support their
party's policies and are perhaps even
reluctant to acknowledge correctness
on the part of their political
opponents in almost any situation.
supporter
devotee 狂热爱好者 n
At first the eager young poet was a
partisan of the Revolution.
guerrilla 游击队 n
gorilla 大猩猩 n
partisan

prejudiced 有偏见的
Most newspapers are politically
partisan.
He is clearly too partisan to be a
referee 裁判.
refer to 参考

lament 哀悼，悲叹 v
mourn 哀悼，悲叹 v
grieve 为……感到悲痛 v
grief 悲痛 n
The nation lamented the death of its
great war leader.
She grieved the loss of her only son.
He lamented that people had
expected too much of him too soon.
Don’t expect too much of me.

There was no way of consoling her

grief-stricken 极为悲痛的 family.
console 安慰 v
solace 安慰 n
seek solace 寻求安慰
soothe 舒缓 the pain
condolence 吊唁 n
doleful 悲伤的
bereavement 丧亲 n

remorse 后悔 n
repent 后悔 v
regret
re- 回 return
try 审判，尝试 v
Throughout the trial, he had shown
no remorse.
in retrospect 回想起来
memoir 回忆录
reservoir 水库
reserve 保留 v
repertoire 表演曲目 n
repeat

remorseful
He seemed genuinely remorseful for
what he had done.
genuine 真的，真诚的
crisis 危机

leather 皮革 n
ingenuous 天真的 naïve
ingenious 有独创性的 genius
prodigy 天才 n
prodigal 浪费的
If time be of all things the most
precious, wasting time must be the
greatest prodigality.
prodigious 巨大的
compunction 后悔，良心不安 n
conscience 良心 n
puncture 刺穿 v
A piece of glass punctured the back
tire.

He wasn’t hurt, but his dignity 尊严

was punctured.
indignant 愤怒的
indigent 贫穷的
indigenous 本土的
gen-
generate v
progenitor n
progeny n
pungent 刺鼻的
point
poignant 感人的
acupuncture 针灸 n
a treatment for pain and disease that
involves pushing special needles into
parts of the body
punctilious 守规矩的
punctual 守时的
Joe was always punctilious about
repaying loans.
dilatory 拖延的
delay
pungent
sulfur 硫 sulfuric acid 硫酸
the pungent odor of garlic
odor 臭味 n
He expressed some fairly pungent 尖
刻的 criticisms.
caustic 腐蚀性的，尖刻的
corrosive 腐蚀性的
corrupt 腐败的
scathing 尖刻的
scratch 抓痒 v
from scratch 从零开始
mental scar
moral 道德的
moral support 精神支持
morale 士气 n
aroma 香味 n
fragrance 香味 n
aromatic 有香味的
fragrant 有香味的
body odor BO
the natural smell of someone’s body,
especially when this is unpleasant
malodorous 臭的
stinky 臭的
smelly 臭的
stink 发臭 v
stimulate
sting 叮 v
stingy 小气的，吝啬的
unstinting 大方的

sagacious 明智的
saga 长篇故事 n
crystallization 结晶 n
sage 智者 n
sanity 理智 n
sane 理智的
insane 疯狂的
discreet 谨慎的
discrete 分开的
concrete 具体的 adj 混凝土 n
cement 水泥 n 加固 v
congregate 聚集 v
segregate 隔离 v
aggregate 合计 v
gregarious 群居的
discerning 有眼光的
discriminating 有眼光的

The discerning customer will

recognize this as a high quality
product.
More discriminating visitors now
tend to shun the area.
shun 闪躲，避开 v
sensationalism 哗众取宠 n
sensation 轰动 n
circumvent 绕过 v
circumlocution 啰嗦 n
log- loq- 说话
euphemism 委婉语 n
dodge 躲避 v
He has always shunned publicity.
publicity 公众关注 n
low-key 低调的
recluse 隐居者 n
His widow became a virtual recluse
for the remainder of her life.
virtual 虚拟的，几乎的
virtually 几乎 adv
practically 几乎 adv
widower 鳏夫 n
dowager 遗孀 n
the remainder = the rest 剩余的部分
The remainder must be paid by the
end of June.
Fifteen divided by four gives you a
remainder of 3.
secluded 与世隔绝的
He’s 80 years old now and lives a
very secluded life.
He preferred to stay at home in
seclusion.

solitary 孤独的
solitude 孤独 n
sole 唯一的 adj 脚底 n
palm 手掌 n
isolate 孤立 v
desolate 荒无人烟的
solo 独唱，独奏
He led a solitary life.
solitude
She longed for peace and solitude.
long for 渴望 v
retiring
As a child, Elizabeth was very shy
and retiring.
reserved
Ellen was a shy, reserved girl.
self-effacing 谦虚的
efface 抹除 v
ex-
incandescent 耀眼的，辉煌的
candid 坦白的 adj
candor 坦白 n
candidate 考生，候选人 n

Nothing can efface the last picture I

have of them from my mind.
indelible 无法磨灭的
delete 删除 v

unassuming 谦虚的
modest
humble 谦虚的，卑贱的
Welcome to my humble home.
欢迎光临寒舍
assume = presume 假设 v
presumptuous 冒昧的，无礼的
presume to do sth 自以为是，自作聪
明
to behave without respect or
politeness by doing something that
you have no right to do
I would never presume to tell you
what to do.

obliterate 摧毁 v
Hiroshima was nearly obliterated by
the atomic bomb.
Nothing could obliterate the memory
of those tragic events.
devastate 摧毁 v
vast 巨大的
a devastating smile
annihilate 摧毁 v
Just one of these bombs could
annihilate a city the size of New
York.
Tyson annihilated his opponent in
the first round.
nil 零 n
The new machine reduced labor
costs to almost nil.
Our team won by two goals to nil.
nihilism 虚无主义 n
1 the belief that nothing has any
meaning or value
2 the idea that all social and political
institutions should be destroyed
null and void 无效的
invalid 无效的
The contract was declared null and
void.
void 空虚 n
Running the business helped to fill
the void after his wife died.
Nothing can fill the void in my heart.
Let bygones be bygones.
devoid 缺乏的
The letter was devoid of warmth and
feeling.
indifferent 冷漠的，漠不关心的，平
庸的
mediocre 平庸的
nonchalant 冷漠的，漠不关心的
nullify 使无效 v
Recent inflation 通 货 膨 胀 could
nullify the economic growth of the
last several years.
deflation 通货紧缩 n
inflate a balloon 给气球充气

An unhealthy diet will nullify the

effects of training.
gluttony 贪吃 n
gluttonous 贪吃的 voracious
vor- 吃
devour 狼吞虎咽 v
predator 猎食者 prey 猎物
game 猎物
glutton 贪吃的人 n
invalidate 使无效 v
Later findings invalidated the theory.
debunk 推翻 v
His theories have been debunked by
recent research.
disprove 证明……是错的
prove
disapprove 不赞成，不通过 v
approve
deride 嘲笑，蔑视 v
ridiculous 可笑的
ridicule 嘲笑，蔑视 v
derive 得到 v
be derived from 源自
derivative 派生的，抄袭的
original 原创的

precipitate /ei/ 促进，沉淀 v /i/ 仓促

的 adj
articulate /ei/ 清楚表达 v /i/ 口齿伶
俐的 adj
legitimate /ei/ 使 合 法 v /i/ 合 法 的
adj
abortion 堕胎
miscarriage 流产 n
illegitimate child 私生子
heir 继承人 n
inherit 继承 v

trigger 扳机 n 引发 v
His resignation precipitated a
leadership crisis.
The assassination of the president
precipitated the country into war.
hasty 仓促的
I don't think we should make
precipitate decisions.
premature 过早的 birth
death
precocious 早熟的
precipice 悬崖 n = cliff
precipitation 降水 n
deciduous 每年落叶的
accident

expedite 加速 v
We have developed rapid order
processing to expedite deliveries to
customers.
expeditious 速效的
All issues presented to the court are
considered as fairly and
expeditiously as possible.
expedient 权宜的
helping you to deal with a problem
quickly and effectively although
sometimes in a way that is not
morally right
This solution is politically expedient
but may well cause long-term
problems.
expedition 远征，考察旅行 n
Three members of the Everest
expedition were killed.
pedal 踏板 n
paddle 桨 n
peddle 兜售 v
He worked as a door-to-door
salesman peddling cloths and
brushes.
solicitor 推销员 n
someone who goes from place to
place trying to sell goods or services
A sign on the door read, ‘No
Solicitors’.
solicit 拉客 v

pervasive 无处不在的
pervade 渗透 v
A spirit of hopelessness pervaded the
country.
permeate 渗透 v
Racism continues to permeate our
society.
peruse 仔细阅读 v
She leant forward to peruse the
document more closely.
per- through 穿透，从头到尾
persist 坚持 v = persevere
permanent 永久的 = perpetual
perpetuate 使永久 v
The existence of the system
perpetuates this problem.
perpetuate beauty

chronic 慢性的
established 由来已久的
inveterate 根深蒂固的 smoker
veteran 老兵，老手 n
novice 新手 n
inborn 天生的
instinct 本能 n
intuition 直觉 n
instinctive 本能的
intuitive 直觉的
tutorial 教程 n
editorial 社评 n
intrinsic 内在的 value
extrinsic 外在的

ubiquitous 无处不在的 universal

Coffee shops are ubiquitous these
days.
omnipresent 无处不在的
present 在场的，存在的
omni- 全部 all
omniscient 无所不知的
least effort
obscure 不出名的，难懂的
prescient
omnipotent 无所不能的
potent 强劲的 powerful
Advertising is a potent force in
showing smoking as a socially
acceptable habit.
A good company pension scheme
remains a potent weapon for
attracting staff.
schedule 时间表
scheme 方案
plan
recruit 招聘 v
crew 全体船员 n
cruise 航行 n

indulge 放纵 v
pamper 溺爱 v
His mother spoiled him, indulging
his every whim.
whim 冲动 n = impulse
pulse 脉搏 n
I didn’t leave just on a whim.
出于冲动
caprice 冲动 n
capricious 善变的
Capricorn 摩羯座
She was as capricious as her mother
had been.
mercurial 善变的
mer-
mercury 水银
Mercury 水星
emerge 浮现，出现 v
immerse 浸泡 v
submerge 下沉，淹没 v
marine 海洋的
etymology 词源学 n

volatile 易挥发的，善变的
There have been riots before and the
situation is volatile.
riot 暴乱 n
He has a volatile temper.
revolve 旋转 v
revolve around 以……为中心
revolution 公转，革命 n
rotation 自转 n

abstain 克制 v
-tain hold or keep
sustain 维持 v
retain 保留 v
Pilots must abstain from alcohol for
24 hours before flying.
refrain 克制 v
refuse
Please refrain from smoking in this
area.
forbear 克制 v
forgo 放弃 v
forsake 放弃 v
bear 忍受，生
I can’t bear a fool.
But your mother can.
pun 双关语 n
forebear 祖先 n
名前动后
foresight 先见 n
hindsight 马后炮 n
hinder 阻碍 v
biped 双足动物
quadruped 四足动物
hind 后面的 legs
fore 前面的 legs

abstemious 克制的
moderate /i/ 适度的 adj /ei/ 缓和 v
m 代表“中间”的含义
modify 调整 v

austere 朴素的，严厉的
Her father is a very austere man.
Their clothes were always austere.
spartan 朴素的，斯巴达式的
belligerent 好斗的，好战的
bellicose 好斗的，好战的
rebel 反叛 v
antebellum 战前的
anticipate 预计 v
pugnacious 好斗的，好战的
impugn 指责，质疑 v
quixotic 爱幻想的，堂吉诃德式的
Don Quixote
quixotic ideas or plans are not
practical and are based on
unreasonable hopes of improving the
world
This is a vast, exciting, and perhaps
quixotic project.
romantic 不切实际的
baroque 华丽的，巴洛克的
ornate 华丽的
byzantine 复杂精妙的，拜占庭式的

placid 平和的
Marcus remained placid in the face
of her outburst.
pla- 平
plane 平面 n
plain 平原 n
platform 平台 n
placate 平息 v
These changes did little to placate the
unions.
tranquil 平静的
serene 平静的
quiet
quell 平息 v
Extra police were called in to quell
the disturbances.
turbulence 动荡，气流 n
turmoil 混乱 n
perturb 使不安 v
imperturbable 冷静的
unflappable 冷静的
quench 浇灭 v
We stopped at a small bar to quench
our thirst.
Firemen tried to quench the flames
raging through the building.
flare 燃烧 v
flare up 怒火中烧
conflagration 大火，战争
incense 激怒 v 香 n
incendiary 引起燃烧的，激怒的
incendiary bomb
incendiary remarks
Civil war has been raging in the
country for years.
A debate is raging about what form
pensions should take.
take the form of 采用……的形式
Outside, a storm was raging.
tranquilizer 镇静剂 = sedative

exuberant 兴高采烈的
They both laughed exuberantly.
ebullient 兴高采烈的，沸腾的
The Prime Minister was in ebullient
mood.
bubble out
exhilarated 兴奋的 excited
hilarious 搞笑的
Hilary
comical 搞笑的
comic book 漫画书
comedy 喜剧

audacious 胆大的
dare v
daredevil 胆大的人
Sheldon: Because I'd like to erase
Ben Affleck as Daredevil.
Wolowitz: So would Ben Affleck.
desperado 亡命之徒
desperate 不顾一切的，渴望的
Are You Really That Desperate?

stunt man 特技演员

double 替身 n
stunt 特技 n 阻碍 v
stunning 惊艳的 amazing
intrepid 无畏的
tremble 颤抖 v
trepidation 畏惧 n = fear

defiant 目中无人的，无礼的
Despite the risk of suspension 停 职 ,
he remained defiant.
defy 无视，公然反抗 v
This was the first time that I dared to
defy my mother.

superfluous 多余的
overflow 溢出 v
My presence at the afternoon's
proceedings was superfluous.
deterrent 威慑力量 n
detergent 洗涤剂 n
deter 阻止 v
Rigid laws can deter people from
committing a crime.

I rid myself of many superfluous

belongings and habits that bothered
me.
The river had overflowed its banks.
march 行军 v
He was overflowing with good ideas.
resourceful 足智多谋的
redundant 多余的，重复的
abundant 大量的
inundation 洪水 n
flood
inundate 淹没 v
I am sick and tired of being sick and
tired.

tautology 同义重复 n
The money should be adequate
enough.
He sat alone by himself.
log-
loc- circumlocution
loq-
monolog 独白 n
dialog 对白 n
prolog 前言 n
epilog 后记 n
epigram 警句 n
epistle 信 n
epic 史诗 n
epitaph 墓志铭 n
epitome 最佳例子 n
exemplar 好例子 n
example 例子 n
simile 明喻
metaphor 暗喻
rhetoric 修辞，花言巧语 n

locution 语言风格
soliloquy 独白 = monolog
monotonous 单调的
colloquial 口语的
ain’t
eloquent 雄辩的
loquacious 多话的
voluble 多话的 volume
eulogize 歌颂，赞美 v
eu- good
euphony 悦耳的声音 n
euphonious 悦耳的
cacophony 刺耳的声音 n
cacophonous 刺耳的
vanquish 征服，打败 v

eureka 找到啦
Archimedes
euthanasia 安乐死 n
euphoric 狂喜的
euphoria 狂喜 n
elated 高兴的
gleeful 高兴的
jubilant 高兴的
belated 迟到的 present

connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家
Sarah tells me you're something of
an art connoisseur.
avocation 副业 n
vocation 职业 n
cognitive 认知的
reconnaissance 侦察 n
ambush 埋伏 n

-eur
chauffeur 私人司机 n
entrepreneur 企业家
enterprise 企业 n
enterprising 有进取心的
adventurous 有冒险精神的
ensemble 全体演员 n
assemble 聚集，组装 v
genre 流派 n
raconteur 善于讲故事的人
recount 复述 v
a story
account 描述 n
give a vivid account of
account for 解释，占（百分比）
virtuoso 艺术大师
virtue 美德，优点
guru 大师
fashion guru 流行教主

corroborate 证实 v
We now have new evidence to
corroborate the defendant’s story.
defend 辩护，防守 v
Experiments elsewhere corroborate
these results.
robust 健壮的
robber
The formerly robust economy has
begun to weaken.
substantiate 证实 v
unsubstantiated 未经证实的
initiate 开始 v
allegation 断言 n
allege 断言 v
speculation 猜测，投机 n
conjecture 猜测 n
perspective 观点 n
spectacle 壮观的场面，出洋相
debacle 失败 n
fiasco 失败 n
speculative economy 泡沫经济
substantive 实质性的
dealing with things that are
important or real
The State Department reported that
substantive discussions had taken
place with Beijing.
substantial 大量的
large in amount or number
We have the support of a substantial
number of parents.
insubstantial evidence 证据不足
The evidence seemed very
insubstantial.

vindicate 证明无罪 v
vindictive 有复仇心的
The charges are false, and we are
sure we will be vindicated in court.
halt 停止 v
acquit 证明无罪 v
convict 证明有罪 v
convince 说服 v
conviction 信念 n
I have a strong conviction that
justice will prevail.
prevail 流行，胜利 v

Jackson: Truth will vindicate me

Pop singer Michael Jackson issued a
video statement Sunday, a day before
jury selection begins in his child
molestation 骚扰 trial.
 "I will be acquitted and vindicated
when the truth is told."
exonerate 证明无罪 v
He was totally exonerated of any
blame.
onerous 辛苦的
onus 责任 n
bonus 奖金
bounty 赏金，大量 n
abound 大量存在 v
Resources abound in this place.
This place abounds with resources.
Examples abound in this aspect.
dearth 缺乏，少量 n
dear 昂贵的
profound 深刻的
profundity 深度 n

laborious 辛苦的
Collecting the raw materials proved
a long and laborious task.
demanding 要求高的
Her mother could be very
demanding at times 有时候.
exacting 要求高的
He could never live up to his father’s
exacting standards.
exculpate 证明无罪 v
culprit 罪犯 n
culpable 有罪的
Both parties were held to be to some
extent 在某程度上 culpable.
both parties 双方
reprehensible 有罪的，应该受到谴
责的
Mr Cramer said the violence by anti-
government protestors was
reprehensible.
reproach 谴责 v & n
His behavior throughout this affair
has been beyond reproach 无可指责
的.
beyond remedy 无可救药的
unimpeachable 无可指责的
impeach 弹劾 v
reprimand 谴责 v
apprehend 逮捕，理解 v
arrest
comprehend 理解 v
The police have failed to apprehend
the culprits.
apprehensive 担忧的
I was apprehensive that something
would go wrong.
Some had apprehensive looks on
their faces.

suspense 担忧 n
suspend 悬挂 v

conciliate 缓和 v
conciliatory 缓和的
Perhaps you should adopt a more
conciliatory approach.
placatory 缓和的 placate 平息 v
pacify 平息 v
Pacific Ocean
pacifier 奶嘴 n
reconcile 和解，使共存 v
The possibility remains that the two
theories may be reconciled.
compatible 兼容的，和睦的
compatibility 兼容性 n
It's difficult to reconcile the demands
of my job and the desire to be a good
father.
Jonah and his youngest son were, on
the surface at least, reconciled.
ostensible
mollify 安抚，平息 v
inimical 有敌意的
antipathy 反感，敌意 n
aversion 反感 n
converse 相反的
a converse example 反例
Despite his aversion to publicity,
Arnold was persuaded to talk to the
press.
the press 新闻界
press conference 新闻发布会
have an aversion to 讨厌
resent 恨 v
sentiment 感情 n
There is no place for sentiment in
business.
sentimental 多愁善感的
excessively 过度的
mawkish 肉麻的，令人作呕的
maudlin 肉麻的，令人作呕的
loathe 恨 v
love
averse 讨厌的
be averse to 讨厌
He was averse to any change.
empathy 感同身受 n
the ability to understand other
people’s feelings and problems

While he might claim to be the

perfect human specimen 样 品 ,
Sheldon does have his faults -
although he'd never admit it!
sample 样品
example

He lacks empathy, is unable to

discern sarcasm, doesn't like change,
and has an inflated ego.
He does not understand social
norms, and makes little attempt to do
so.
adapt 适应 v
adept 熟练的
inept 不熟练的，无能的
Blake was intellectually able but
politically inept.
incompetent 不胜任的
ineptitude 不熟练，无能 n
spoil my fun 扫兴
bungle 搞砸 v
The whole police operation was
bungled.
botch 搞砸 v
Hemingway complained that Nichols
had 'botched everything up'.
screw up

adept
adapt v
aptitude 资质，天赋 n
He has a natural aptitude for
teaching.
penchant 爱好，倾向 n
enchant 吸引，迷住 v
chant 唱 v
enrapture 吸引，迷住 v
rapturous 狂喜的
rhapsody 狂想曲 n
entrance 吸引，迷住 v
spellbind 吸引，迷住 v
spellbinding 吸引人的
spellbound 被吸引的
spell 魔咒 n
bind 绑，束缚 v
propensity 倾向，爱好 n
Mr Bint has a propensity to put off
decisions to the last minute.

procrastinate 拖延 v
procrastinator 做事拖拉的人
People often procrastinate when it
comes to paperwork.

temporize 拖延 v
contemporary 同时代的，当代的
dawdle 磨蹭，拖拖拉拉 v
Don’t dawdle – we’re late already!

faculty ， n
Both faculty and students oppose the
measures.
knack

Some people seem to have a knack

for making money.
apt ，
Some of the staff are apt to arrive
late on Mondays.
‘Love at first sight’ is a very apt
description of how he felt when he
saw her.
inapt

mandatory ，
Attendance is mandatory.
command n
mandate n
The election victory gave the party a
clear mandate to continue its
program of reform.
imperative sentence
imperial
imperialism n
imperious
giving orders and expecting to be
obeyed, in a way that seems too
proud
haughty
high
lofty ，，
contemptuous
contempt of court
supercilious

eclectic ，
including a mixture of many
different things or people, especially
so that you can use the best of all of
them
Her work draws eclectically on
psychoanalysis and mythology.
Critics praised the originality and
eclecticism of her work.
extol v
commend v
psyche n
A characteristic of the feminine
psyche is to seek approval from
others.
masculine
cyberculture
derive v
be derived from
derivative ，
original
I found the novel thin and derivative.
I had expected more.
However, the evidence is thin and, to
some extent, ambiguous.
conclusive

visionary ，
Under his visionary leadership, the
city prospered.
prosper v
thrive v
flourish v
languish v
flora and fauna
plants and animals
perish v
vanish
Many are hailing Rendell's ideas as
visionary.
hail v n

An entrepreneur is more than just a

risk taker. He is a visionary.
quixotic
romantic
Like many New Yorkers, he had a
romantic image of country life.
utopian
Utopia
pragmatic practical
dogmatic ，
dogma n
doctrine n
utilitarian
totalitarian
egalitarian
centralize v
utilize v
usurp v
intended to be useful and practical
rather than attractive or comfortable

ugly utilitarian buildings

equivocal ambiguous
His answer was equivocal.
She was rather equivocal about her
work.
equivocate v
equilibrium = balance
The government is anxious not to
upset the economic equilibrium.
Libra
ambiguous
Her account was deliberately
ambiguous.
ambivalent ，
be ambivalent about doing sth
amphibian
ambidextrous
dexterous ，
sinister ，
There is a sinister side to these
events.
dexterity n
Computer games can improve
children’s manual dexterity.

waver v
Harris never wavered in his loyalty.
fidelity ， n
confidential
perfidy n
allegiance n

We were determined not to waver

from our goals.
The party wavered between free
trade and protectionism.
vacillate v
The country's leaders are still
vacillating between confrontation
and compromise.
oscillate ， v
Her attitude towards me oscillated
between friendship and hostility.
alternate v
She alternated between outrage and
sympathy.
alternating current AC

flippant
Don't be flippant, damn it! This is
serious!
You shouldn’t be flippant about such
things.
frivolous ，
Isabelle was a frivolous little fool,
vain， and flighty.
frivolity n
Try not to be distracted by the
frivolities of the world.
trivial
triviality n
Don’t waste time on trivialities.
fickle
The weather here is notoriously
fickle.
notorious
volatile
mercurial
capricious

impervious ，
impermeable
The floorcovering you select will
need to be impervious to water.
She seems almost impervious to the
criticism from all sides.
I can’t penetrate this passage.
impenetrable
Their jargon is impenetrable to an
outsider.
incomprehensible
His accent made his speech
incomprehensible to me.
unfathomable ，
fathom n ， v
I still can’t fathom out what she
meant.
Mark couldn’t fathom why she
resented him so much.
abstruse
abstract

tacit
The question was a tacit admission
that a mistake had indeed been
made.
implicit
explicit
explain
explicate v
inexplicable
taciturn
reticent
retiring
garrulous
querulous
verbose = wordy
verbal ，
circumlocutory
Legal writing is often unclear and
verbose.
For once, his usually verbose wife
was content to listen.
We’ll be content with a respectable
result in tomorrow’s match.