2-Sample Irrrigation Training Material

Irrigation and Drainage
Level-II
Based on June 2021, Curriculum Version 1
Module Title: - Measurement and Quantity estimation

In irrigation project
Module code: EIS ID2 M03 0422
Nominal duration: 70Hour
Prepared by: Ministry of Labour and Skill

April, 2022
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Table of Content
Acknoledgment
Introduction to the Module 5
Unit one: Standard and Principle of Estimation 6

1.1. SI units and Unit conversion principles 7
1.2. Standards and code of practice 7
1.3. Civil construction terminology 7
1.4. Tolerances and Accuracy in measurement 7
1.5. Work instruction 7
Self check-1 7
Operation sheet-1 7
Lap Test-1 7
Unit Two: Measurement 8

Instruction sheet Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1. Definition and Purpose of measurement 9
2.2. Measurement and calculation equipment 10
2.3. Ruler or tape measurement 12
2.4. Geometrical shape measurement 16
Self check-2 22
Operation sheet 2.1: Steps in measuring geometrical Shape 23
Operation sheet 2.2: Measuring the size of irrigation field 24
Lap Test-2 27
Unit Three: Calculation 28

3.1. Method of calculation 29
3.2. Factors for calculation 29
3.3. Scale and grade in material calculation 29
3.4. Percentage , Ration and Frication 29
3.5. Area and Volume Calculation in irrigation 29
Self check-3 29
Operation sheet-3 29
Lap Test-3 29
Unit Four: Irrigation project quantity Estimation 30

4.1. Type of Building Estimate 31
4.2. Purpose of material Estimation 31
4.3. Estimating material Quantity 31
4.4. Calculate material quantities for the project 31
4.5. Canal and Division box quantity Estimation 31
Self check-4 31
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Skills In irrigation project April, 2022
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Operation sheet-4 31
Lap Test-4 31

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Acknowledgment
Ministry of Labor and Skills and Ministry of Health wish to extend thanks and appreciation
to the many representatives of TVET instructors and respective industry experts who donated
their time and expertise to the development of this Teaching, Training and Learning Materials
(TTLM).

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Acronym

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Introduction to the Module
In irrigation filed; the measurement and quantity estimation of irrigation project helps to know
the quantity of work; to estimate the quantity of material required; to determine the cost of the
work; to estimate the expect project completion time and to know the amount of water supplied
for irrigation filed.
This module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the irrigation and drainage
occupational standard, particularly for the unit of competency: Carry out measurements and
calculations.
This module covers the units :
 Standard and Principle of Estimation
 Measurement,
 Calculation and
 Irrigation project quantity Estimation
Learning Objective of the Module
 Apply Standard and Principle
 Perform Measurement
 Carry out Calculation
 Estimate Irrigation project quantity
Module Instruction
For effective use this modules trainees are expected to follow the following module instruction:
1. Read the information written in each unit
2. Accomplish the Self-checks at the end of each unit
3. Perform Operation Sheets which were provided at the end of units
4. Do the “LAP test” giver at the end of each unit and
5. Read the identified reference book for Examples and exercise

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Unit one: Standard and Principle of Estimation
This unit is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content
coverage and topics:
 SI units and Unit conversion principles
 Standards and code of practice
 Civil construction terminology
 Tolerances and Accuracy in measurement
 Work instruction
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
 Convert between SI and Imperial Units
 Follow acceptable standards and code practice
 Understand civil engineering terminology
 Confirm and apply work instructions
 Determine work requirement

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1.1. SI units and Unit conversion principles
1.1.1.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A
B
1.2. Standards and code of practice(OHS)
1.3. Civil construction terminology
1.4. Tolerances and Accuracy in measurement
1.5. Work instruction
Self check-1
Operation sheet-1
Lap Test-1

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Unit Two: Measurement
This unit to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage
and topics:
 Definition and Purpose of measurement
 Measurement and calculation equipment
 Ruler or tape measurement
 Geometrical shape measurement
 Canal and Irrigation field measurement
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
 Use common measuring instruments
 Measure five separate task with in 1mm accuracy using tape or ruler
 Apply method of obtaining measurement
 Measure geometrical shape
 Communicate measurements as required

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2.1. Definition and Purpose of measurement
2.1.1. Definition of Measurement
Long ago when people were building pyramids, they required a lot of measuring skills. It is
interesting to look at how people developed a system of measures. They started by comparing
two quantities, which led to phrases such as ‘taller than’, ‘longer than’, ‘heavier than’, ‘holds
more than’, etc. People still do this by themselves when they are working on the land.
Measurement is how we determine the exact capacity of something that is in solid, liquid or gas
form.
2.1.2. Purpose of measurement
Measuring is necessary for accurate measurement and calculation of all construction quantities.
For example on big projects a quantity surveyor is often employed to do this work. For house
construction, it is often the job of the builder or contractor to carry out this work. In irrigation
project also measurement is required and applied at stage of the project .The following are the
main purpose of conducting measurement:
 To know the quantity of work
 To Estimate the quantity of Material required
 To determine the cost of the work
 To estimate the expect project completion time
 To know the amount of water supplied for irrigation filed
2.1.3. Type of measurement

There are two methods of measurement: A) direct comparison with the standard, and B) indirect
comparison with the standard. Both the methods are discussed below:
A. Direct Comparison with the Standard
In the direct comparison method of measurement, we compare the quantity directly with the
standard. Say for instance, if we have to measure the length of the bar, we will measure it with
the help of the measuring tape or scale that acts as the standard. Here we are comparing the
quantity to be measured directly with the standard.
B. Indirect Method of Measurement

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There are number of quantities that cannot be measured directly by using some instrument. For
instance we cannot measure the strain in the bar due to applied force directly. We may have to
record the temperature and pressure in the deep depths of the ground or in some far off remote
places. In such cases indirect methods of measurements are used.
2.2. Measurement and calculation equipment

For each type of measurement, there is a particular measuring instrument which is most suitable
to do the job. It will be impossible to list all the possible measuring instruments, thus we will
look at the most common instruments and welcome your knowledge and experience to enhance
understanding of this unit.
2.2.1. Rulers
A ruler that is in good condition is a practical instrument for measuring shorter, straight lines
(linear lines). We can measure millimetres and centimetres with a ruler. A ruler is not suitable to
measure long lengths and round shapes. Figure 2.1 below present the typical type of ruler used
for measurement.
Figure 2.1.Rurle
2.2.2. Venire Caliper

The venire caliper is used to make semi- accurate measurements for inside, outside and depth
dimensions. Standard venire calipers are available in sizes 150mm to 250mm. Custom- made
vernier calipers can be made to specifications if required. Graduations, (that determine the
accuracy of the instrument) are usually 0,02mm or 0,05mm on the venire scale.
49011578
Figure 2.2 The venire caliper

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2.3.3. Measuring Tape
A measuring tape is used when a ruler is too short to measure the distance or length. We use the
measuring tape to measure short distances in meters. Measuring tapes are usually gradated in
millimetres, centimetres and meters.
Figure 2.3.The different types of tapes

2.2.4. Pen or Pencil
To record your measurements you will need to use a pen or a pencil.Make a rough sketch of
what you are measuring and write the dimensions on this. Label your sketch so you know what it
refers to.
2.3.4. Calculator
These days most people use a calculator to help them measure. It can be used to work out
complex calculations or just simple daily addition and subtraction. Calculators vary from simple
to complex. Some even have more than one line of information. If you decide to use a calculator,
we suggest that you use a standard calculator rather than one in your clipboard or mobile phone.
Standard calculators are easier to use. They are generally bigger, the numbers are easier to view
and all the keys are available all the time!
Figure 2.4.The different features of capacitor as measuring Equipment

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2.3. Ruler or tape measurement
2.3.1. The principles of measurement
When measuring, either materials or labour or both can be taken into account.
Some of the main ways that building materials are measured include:
 Count or/sets No measurements are taken. The number of items required is considered.
This is the case for items like basins, toilets, appliances etc. The number recorded.
 Length Only one dimension is required. Length is used to calculate the quantities for
items such as skirting, pipes, gutters etc. Lineal measurement L/M
 Area Two dimensions are required to calculate the area in square metres (m2). Items
measured in area include such things as carpet, tiles, glass, painting, brick walls, roof tiles
etc.
 Volume Three dimensions need to be taken to calculate volume. The unit for volume is
cubic metres (m3). The types of material measured by volume include, concrete, topsoil
and excavations.
 Weight Steelwork in a building is often measured in weight. They can be measured in
number, m3 or m2 and then multiplied by a weight factor to give a quantity in tonnes (t).
Some examples of materials measured by weight are; steel reinforcement, steel beams,
columns etc.
2.3.2. Unit and Magnitude of measurement

Measurement of any quantity involves two parameters: the magnitude of the value and unit of
measurement. For instance, if we have to measure the temperature we can say it is 10 degree C.
Here the value “10” is the magnitude and “C” which stands for “Celsius” is the unit of
measurement. Similarly, we can say the height of wall is 5 meters, where “5” is the magnitude
and “meters” is the unit of measurement.
Example 2.1
Each Measurement has two components value and Magnitude
Exampled in measured length of 5m
5 is magnitude and the unit is m

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2.3.4. Rule of measurement
The rules for measurement of each item are invariably described in IS – 1200. However some of
the general rules are listed below:
1. Measurement shall be made for finished item of work and description of each item
shall include materials, transport, labour, fabrication tools and plant and all types of
overheads for finished the work in required shape, size and specification.
2. In booking, the order shall be in sequence of length, breadth and height or thickness.
3. All works shall be measured subject to the following tolerances.
4. Linear measurement shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m.
5. Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 SQM
6. Cubic contents shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 cum.
7. Same type of work under different conditions and nature shall be measured separately
under separate items.
8. The bill of quantities shall fully describe the materials, proportions, workmanships and
accurately represent the work to be executed.
2.3.5. Standards and Work instruction in measurement

The correct method for measurement must be selected and then applied to the relevant workplace
activities.
When using any measuring instruments, ensure that measurement is:
 accurate precise viewed squarely off the scale of the measuring instrument
 use the appropriate measuring unit for recording measurement
 Table below shows units of measurement of various items of civil engineering works
based on IS 1200.

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Table 2.1 Standard and principles in measurement
Sl. No. Particulars of item Units of
measurement
1 Earthwork
1. Earthwork in excavation CUM
2. Earth work in filling in plinth CUM
2 Concrete
1. Lean concrete in roof terracing (thickness specified) SQM
2. Cement concrete bed CUM
3. Reinforced concrete sunshade (specified width and height) CUM
3 Damp proof course (DPC) – thickness mentioned SQM
4 Brick work CUM
5 Stone work CUM
7 Steel work
1. Steel reinforcement bars etc in RCC and reinforced brick work Quintal
2. Iron grills SQM
9 Plastering, points and finishing
1. Plastering – cement or lime mortar (thickness and proportion SQM
specified)
2. Pointing SQM
10 Flooring SQM
11 Rain water pipe / plain pipe RM
12 Steel wooden truss Each
13 Glass panels (supply) SQM
14 Fixing of glass panels or cleaning Each
2.3.4. Measurement with ruler or tape

Taking accurate measurements does not stop with following the correct procedures for weighing
or measuring an infant or child. One of the greatest sources of error in taking anthropometric
measurements takes place during the reading and recording of a measurement. If the height or

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weight is read incorrectly or an error is made when recording the measurement, the result will be
inaccurate. Therefore, it is important to use care in reading and recording measurements.
Figure 2.5 Consideration while measuring with tape

Measurements can be difficult to read. The reading area of the measuring tape on most height
measuring boards is usually in English units (inches and feet). Some measuring instruments may
have both English and metric units. Read the English units only. Be sure to read the
measurement in the correct area on your board. Find out where measurements should be read on
your board.
If you need to measure using a ruler, you will place the 0cm measurement at the start of the line
and read the measurement at the end of the line on the comparative point on the ruler.
In engineering, we use millimetres as the common measurement. Centimetres are mo re often
used for domestic purposes.
 Take care when reading measurements:
 ensure that you have placed the 0mm exactly on the pre-determined point
 ensure that you have a square view of the measurement
Figure 2.6 Rurle common measurement tool for measuring short length

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Figure 2.7 Ocuupational care to be followed in measuring with Tape
For further explanation trainees need to follow the operation sheet 2.1,2.2,2.3 and 2.4 and the
LAP test-2
2.4. Geometrical shape measurement

2.4.1. Length, Area and Volume Measurement
In the metric system, we use the as described in the headings that follow. (Please note, short
definitions, and in some cases illustrations, have been added to improve your understanding of
the terminology. Where applicable, further explanations will be presented in later modules.)
Figure 2.8 The different of geometrical shape.
2.4.2. Length
Length is the distance between two points i.e. A B We often estimate length by giving large
steps that are approximately 1 meter in length.
In the Glass and Glazing Industry, length refers to one of three lineal dimensions:
1. height (H)

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2. length (L) or width (W)
3. Thickness (T).
This is illustrated in the diagram below
Figure 2.9 length dimension
2.4.3. Perimeter
The perimeter is the distance around the edge of something. The lengths needed to work out
perimeter are measured in millimetres. However, all edgework is costed at a price per lineal
meter. To calculate the perimeter (P) of an object with straight sides, simply measure the lengths
of each side and add them up. If you need to work out the perimeter of a more complex shape,
start by writing the length on all sides. For further points refer Example 2.5.
Example 2.5
Using the measured dimension calculate the area of the given geometric shape
Then, add up the lengths of all the outer edges.

P = total of all side lengths
= (500 + 1,000 + 500 + 300 + 200 + 400 + 200 + 300) mm
= 3,400 mm

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= 3.400 Lm
2.4.4. Area
Area is the amount of space covered by a surface. You need to calculate area to work out how
much glass is required for a job. Area is always calculated in square meters. This is because all
glass is priced in square metre. One square metre is approximately the size of a pallet or a
shower base. The dimensions of a piece of glass are always measured in millimetres but area is
always calculated in square metres. Therefore, you will often have to convert one unit to another.
To calculate the area of a rectangle, multiply the length by the width. Use the same formula to
calculate the area of a square.
Example 2.6
For example for the figure below the measured area of the given shape is
Area =LxW
=4mx3m
= 12 m2
2.4.4. Volume
Volume is the amount of space taken up by a three dimensional shape or object. Volume is
related to capacity, which is the amount of liquid that a container can hold. This type of
measurement is used when measuring liquids such as water. Volume is measured in cubic
meters. One cubic meter is the volume of a cube with sides of one meter.

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Figure 2.10 Volume of geometrical shape
Example 2.7
To calculate the volume of a rectangular block, multiply the height by the width by the thickness.
For Example refer how the measured dimension based of the voulm is calculated below
Volume = H x W x T
= 1,800 mm x 1,300 mm x 3 mm
= 1.8 m x 1.3 m x .003 m
= 0.00702 m

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2.5. Canal dimension and Irrigation field measurement
2.5.1. Canal length dimension
Consider the figure below, the structure given below is division box structure that helps to dived
irrigation water between canals. Measuring and calculating the dimension of canal helps to know
the quantity of irrigation structure that will be covered in Unit 4.
Figure 2.10 Division Box

Using the information concept you a quire in the consecutive topic of unit 2, you are expected to
determine the dimension of canal. In measuring the canal you are mainly expected to determine;
the length, width, depth and top width of the canal.

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Figure 2.11 canal dimension measurement
For example by referencing figure 2.11 below the measured value of the canal are:
Length=Read form the
Width: 79.7cm
Freeboard=0.5cm
Top width=5.6cm
Bottom width=79.7cm
2.5.2. Irrigation filed Measurement

For information and practical steps to be followed in measuring the size of irrigation filed refer
operation sheet 2.2.

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Self check-2
Test-I Matching
Instruction: select the correct answer for the give choice. You have given 1 Minute for each
question. Each question carries 2 Point.
A B
---------1. Tape A. Used to measure short length
---------2. caliper B. Used to measure outside dimension
---------3. Direct Measurement C. The capacity of an object
---------4. Volume D. Used when ruler is too short
---------5. Ruler E. Comprehension method
F. Used when ruler is too long
Test II: short Answer writing

Instruction: write short answer for the given question. You are provided 3 minute for each
question and each point has 5Points.
1. What is the purpose of measurement?
2. Write down at least three measuring equipments?
3. What is the difference between ruler and tape?
Part III: Short answer writing

Direction: Give short answer to the following questions. Time allotted for each item is 2mniut
and each question carry 4 point.
1. Area
2. Diameter
3. Perimeter
4. Slant
5. Radius
6. Volume
Note: Satisfactory rating – above 60% Unsatisfactory - below 60%

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers

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Operation sheet 2.1: geometrical Shape measurement
 Operation title: Measuring geometrical Shape

 Purpose: To measure the dimension of geometrical shape
 Instruction: Using the figure below and given equipments measure the length of each
line. You have given 30Minut for the task and you are expected to write the answer on
the given line.
Figure 2.13: Figure given for operation sheet 2.1
 Tools and requirement:

1. Paper,
2. Ruler,
3. Pencil.
4. Scale

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Operation sheet 2.2: irrigation filed measurement
 Steps in doing the task
1. Use the straight edge of the line a
2. Record the result on the line a
3. Repeat the step for line b, c and d
4. Check for the second time for the second round
5. Complete Your work by confirming the recorded measurement
 Quality Criteria: the given geometrical shape is measured with 1mm accuracy
 Precautions: use the given ruler with straight edge.
 Operation title: Procedures of irrigation filed measurement

 Purpose: To practice and demonstrate the knowledge and skill required in measuring the
size of irrigation filed and its components
 Instruction: Use the given figure below (Figure 2.13), the tools and equipment measure
the size of the irrigation filed. For this operation you have given 3Hour and you are
expected to provide the answer on the given table.
 Tools and requirement:
1. This operation sheet
2. Ruler,
3. Scale
4. Pencil
 Precautions: Measure at least three times before recording the result on the given format
 Procedures in doing the task
Step-1: Use the given figure
Step-2: Measure the length and width of each component on drawing with cm
Step-3: Covert the dimension to m using the scale of 1:20,000
Step-4: Calculate the area of the filed in m2

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Figure 2.14: Figure given for operation sheet 2.2
Note: Scale of the Map is 1:20, 2000

 Given format for recording the measured value

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item Measured size on Converted size on Area
drawing Ground
Length Width(cm) Length Width Length(m)X
(cm) (m) (m) Width(m)
1 Main Canal
2 Secondary Canal
3 The irrigated Filed
 Quality Criteria: the given irrigation field size measured with 1mm accuracy

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Lap Test-
 Task-1: Perform liner measurement using ruler
 Task-2: Measure canal dimension
 Task-3: Measure irrigation filed
 Task-4: Record measurements using standard procedure

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Unit Three: Calculation
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Method of calculation
 Factors for calculation
 Scale and grade in material calculation
 Percentage , Ration and Frication
 Area and Volume Calculation in irrigation
 Select appropriate calculation method
 Confirm and record results
 Perform scale and grade calculation
 Perform calculations
 Produce charts and graphs from given information

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3.1. Method of calculation
3.1.1.
A.
B.
3.1.2.
3.2. Factors for calculation

3.3. Scale and grade in material calculation
3.4. Percentage , Ration and Frication
3.5. Area and Volume Calculation in irrigation
Self check-3
Operation sheet-3
Lap Test-3

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Unit Four: Irrigation project quantity Estimation
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Type of Building Estimate
 Purpose of material Estimation
 Estimating material Quantity
 Calculate material quantities for the project
 Canal and Division box quantity Estimation
 Select appropriate calculation method
 Estimate material quantities for canal
 Estimate division box material quantity
 Confirm and record results
 Perform scale and grade calculation

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4.1. Type of Building Estimate
4.2. Purpose of material Estimation
4.3. Estimating material Quantity
4.4. Calculate material quantities for the project
4.5. Canal and Division box quantity Estimation
Self check-4
Operation sheet-4
Lap Test-4

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Reference

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Participants of this Module (training material) preparation
No Name Qualification Field of Organizatio Mobile E-mail
(Level) Study n/ number
Institution
1 A(MSC)
2
3
4
5
6
7

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Irrigation and Drainage

Module Title: - Measurement and Quantity estimation

Prepared by: Ministry of Labour and Skill

Unit one: Standard and Principle of Estimation 6

Unit Two: Measurement 8

Unit Three: Calculation 28

Unit Four: Irrigation project quantity Estimation 30

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2.1.3. Type of measurement

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2.2. Measurement and calculation equipment

2.2.2. Venire Caliper

Figure 2.2 The venire caliper

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Figure 2.3.The different types of tapes

Figure 2.4.The different features of capacitor as measuring Equipment

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2.3.2. Unit and Magnitude of measurement

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2.3.5. Standards and Work instruction in measurement

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2.3.4. Measurement with ruler or tape

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Figure 2.5 Consideration while measuring with tape

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2.4. Geometrical shape measurement

Figure 2.8 The different of geometrical shape.

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Figure 2.9 length dimension

Then, add up the lengths of all the outer edges.

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Figure 2.10 Division Box

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2.5.2. Irrigation filed Measurement

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Test II: short Answer writing

2. Write down at least three measuring equipments?

3. What is the difference between ruler and tape?

Part III: Short answer writing

Note: Satisfactory rating – above 60% Unsatisfactory - below 60%

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 Operation title: Measuring geometrical Shape

Figure 2.13: Figure given for operation sheet 2.1

 Tools and requirement:

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 Operation title: Procedures of irrigation filed measurement

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Note: Scale of the Map is 1:20, 2000

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3.2. Factors for calculation

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