ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 06: Managing a Successful Project

Assignment title Plan and conduct a small-scale research activity

Academic Year 2022 - 2023

Unit Tutor Ho Hai Van

Issue date 03 August 2022 Submission date

Submission Format:

Format: The submission is in the form of an individual written report that shows how you have
managed the project. This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single
spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and
subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced
using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard
referencing system.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the
Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy in PDF posted on corresponding course of
http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly,
and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get fail
Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Introduction to theme
The environmental impact of digital transformation
The amount of data created and stored globally is expected to reach 175 Zettabytes by 2025, a six-fold
increase from 2018. This will demand additional hardware and power consumption, which; in turn, will
increase the environmental impact of the digital sector and there is already increasing attention on the
environmental footprint of ICT equipment and services as they become more widespread in all aspects of
human life.
It is the responsibility of everyone to take action in addressing the challenges of climate change, as
professionals we must also seek ways that the digital sector can play its part. While digital technologies
are one of the sectors that has achieved greater efficiency; achieving about 100 times more computation

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power from the same amount of energy per decade, it remains unsustainable. The sector must continue to
seek ways in which it can continue to support and drive innovation, while addressing the global climate
emergency for a greener and fairer future.
This unit will enable students to explore the impact of digital endpoint devices and ways to reduce
environmental damages, OR the potential of refurbishing, repairing and reusing digital devices rather than
replacing
Tasks
As a member of Research and Development department, you have been assigned a mini-project to find out
the impact of digital endpoint devices and ways to reduce environmental damages, OR the potential of
refurbishing, repairing and reusing digital devices rather than replacing.
You need to do primary research (both qualitative and quantitative research) and secondary research to
find out that impact and conduct a report for your research. Even it’s a mini-project, you must apply
project management (PM) techniques such as project charter with aims, objectives, cost etc. As for time
management, you need to produce WBS and Gantt chart with reasonable tasks and time. A project
logbook is required to provide evidence of the project development process and ongoing reflection for
every week. This logbook will be needed later for your reflection and evaluation in Assignment 2. As part
of QA (quality assurance) policy, in the report you also need to critically evaluate the PM process and
appropriate research methodologies applied.
Your report must have an introduction stating the project aims and objectives. This must be followed by a
copy of your project management plan. Your plan should show the milestones when you will review with
your tutor your ongoing progress so far. You will submit your logbook which shows how you have carried
out the project.

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Establish project aims, objectives and timeframes based on the LO1 & LO2
chosen theme D1. Critically evaluate the
project management
P1 Devise project aims and M1 Produce a comprehensive
process and appropriate
objectives for a chosen project management plan, milestone
scenario. schedule and project schedule for research methodologies
P2 Produce a project monitoring and completing the aims applied.
management plan that covers and objectives of the project.
aspects of cost, scope, time,
quality, communication, risk
and resources.
P3 Produce a work breakdown

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structure and a Gantt Chart to
provide timeframes and stages
for completion.

LO2 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data

collection to generate knowledge to support the project

P4 Carry out small-scale M2 Evaluate the accuracy and

research by applying reliability of different research
qualitative and quantitative methods applied.
research methods appropriate
for meeting project aims and
objectives

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION (ABOUT THE CHOSEN SCENARIO) .........................................................................................4
II. PROJECT INITIALIZATION (P1) ........................................................................................................................ 4
III. PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN: (P2) .............................................................................................................5
1. Scope: ......................................................................................................................................................5
2. Time: ........................................................................................................................................................6
3. Communication .......................................................................................................................................6
4. Risks .........................................................................................................................................................7
IV. PLANNING (P3) ............................................................................................................................................10
1. WBS ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
2. Gantt Chart ............................................................................................................................................11
PART 2: RESEARCH (P4) ....................................................................................................................................13
I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 13
II. Primary Research: ............................................................................................................................. 13
III. Secondary research ........................................................................................................................... 20

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 ASSIGNMENT ANSWER

I. INTRODUCTION (ABOUT THE CHOSEN SCENARIO)

E-waste, often known as "electronic garbage," is the term used to describe electronic devices such
computers, ICT (information and communication technology) gear, home appliances, and their accessories.
The tremendous rise of the IT industry has led to an increase in the use of electronic devices. Because of
this, both individuals and the environment are poisoned by the chemicals used in electrical and electronic
equipment. Most products contain chemicals like mercury, cadmium, lead, brominated flame retardants,
and beryllium. When handled incorrectly, they interact with the earth, water, and air. This essay will
discuss e-waste and suggestions for reducing it.

Figure 1 Electronic waste or e-waste

II. PROJECT INITIALIZATION (P1)

The main objective of the project is to help with the e-waste problem by recycling outdated phones and
propagating awareness of the issue among people worldwide. To attain this goal, we have a list of
objectives, such as providing information on a website concerning phone and e-waste statistics,
establishing a facility to recycle used phones, forming a partnership with a firm or location that accepts old
phone donations, and gathering and analysing all available information on phones and e-waste in some
countries. We hope that by taking these steps, we can help reduce the amount of e-waste and increase
awareness of the issue among people worldwide.

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III. PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN: (P2)

Figure 2 Do and Don't

1. Scope:
By recycling obsolete phones, the project hopes to reduce the quantity of electronic trash while also raising
awareness of the issue. This will be accomplished through developing a website to display information
about E-waste and phones, starting a factory to recycle old phones, forming partnerships with businesses
and organizations to collect old phones, and gathering and analysing data. The concept does not entail the
production of new phones or the direct gathering of phones from people.

Do:

 Bring the issue of persistent e-waste to people's attention.

 Prevents the waste of electronic components or devices.
 Encourages recycling businesses.
 Gathering all the data
 Compile evidence on the environmental impacts of digital change, both positive and bad.
 Identify the risks and possibilities.

Don’t:

 Overcome difficult e-waste problems.

 E-waste should be disposed of properly.
 Gather e-waste on-site.
 Pay for the resource using money.

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 2. Time:

Figure 3 Time

Our team anticipates finishing this project in six months. The availability of resources, the complexity of the
website, and the formation of partnerships are just a few of the variables that will affect how long the
project takes. So, it is predicted that the project might be finished in between three and six months.

3. Communication

Figure 4 Communication

The success of the initiative will depend on effective communication. The usage of communication tools
including email, texting, and video conferencing will be employed to keep all stakeholders updated on the
status of the project and any changes.

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  Online: for 1-2 hours every week on the internet
 Offline: two to three monthly meetings

4. Risks
 Lack of funding

Figure 5 Lack of budget

The project is facing a lack of funding, which is a high priority issue. To address this, we are taking several
actions, such as seeking external funding sources, reducing unnecessary expenses, and optimizing
resources. We are also exploring other options to ensure that the project is adequately funded and can
continue to make progress towards its goals.

 Limited access to old phones

Figure 6 Limited access

We understand that access to old phones is limited, so we have set this as a medium priority. To address
this, we are taking several actions, such as seeking additional collection partners, implementing collection
drives in different locations, and offering incentives for people who donate their old phones. We believe

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that these measures will help us to increase the number of old phones available for recycling and help us to
achieve our goal of reducing e-waste.

 Technological challenges

Figure 7 Technological challenges

The technological challenges of the project are of low priority. To address these challenges, the project
team will need to conduct thorough research, collaborate with experts in the field, and invest in reliable
technology tools. Assuming a team of 10 people working full-time, the project may require approximately
200 man-months to complete. The cost for tools will depend on the specific brands and models chosen. A
rough estimate for the cost of the tools may be around $100,000 to $200,000.

 Lack of human resources

Figure 8 Lack of human resources

Lack of human resources is a high priority for the project. To address this issue, we suggest hiring additional
team members to fill any gaps in skills or expertise and ensure the workload is distributed appropriately.
We also suggest exploring outsourcing certain tasks or responsibilities to external contractors or vendors to
free up internal resources. Additionally, we suggest prioritizing the most important tasks and projects to
ensure that limited resources are allocated effectively and efficiently. We also recommend providing team
members with training and development opportunities to help them acquire new skills and expertise that
may be necessary for the project. Furthermore, we suggest creating an open and supportive work
environment that encourages collaboration, creativity, and problem-solving. Finally, we recommend
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regularly evaluating the team's progress and adjusting plans as necessary to ensure that deadlines are met,
and quality standards are maintained.

 Cost

The cost of the project is a high priority, and it is important to establish a budget at the outset of the
project and monitor spending carefully throughout its course. It may be necessary to reduce scope or make
cuts in non-essential areas to stay within budget. We could also consider seeking additional funding or
sponsorships to support the project. This is to ensure that the project does not go over budget or exceed
the financial resources available, leading to financial strain or a complete halt to the project.

 Time

Poor time management is the act of failing to plan, arrange, and schedule tasks in a way that maximizes an
individual's or a team's potential for success and productivity. It is a high priority because poor project time
management can have a direct impact on project quality, scope, and cost, making it one of the most
important knowledge areas in project management. To reduce poor time management, you must look at
the projects you need to complete for the month, make sure you set aside enough time to complete all
your tasks, and plan accordingly.

 Lack of clarity

A lack of clarity in organizations can lead to conflict, annoyance, false assumptions, and disengagement.
This is a high priority issue, as it can lead to workers who are unclear on their job, their responsibilities, or
what is expected. To address this issue, it is important to make sure your team is on the same page as far
as their objectives and current work. Encourage open communication by asking the team to discuss ideas
and projects they are working on. Above all, foster a culture of teamwork in which members are
encouraged to solicit assistance and rely on one another's skills.

 Resources:

The project may face a shortage of necessary resources, including hardware, software, and human
resources, leading to delays and inefficiencies in the development process. To minimize the risk of resource
shortages and ensure that the necessary tools and human resources are available to complete the project
on time and within budget, we suggest taking the following actions: Hardware and software resources:
Conduct a thorough assessment of the project's hardware and software requirements and ensure that the
available resources meet these requirements. Consider using cloud-based services for software, which can
provide flexible and scalable solutions. Allocate funds to purchase additional hardware and software if
necessary. Human resources: Ensure that the team has enough skilled and experienced members to
manage the project's needs. Consider outsourcing some tasks to third-party companies or hiring more
team members if necessary. Offer training opportunities to team members to improve their skills and
expertise. Resource management: Keep track of resource utilization to ensure that they are being used
efficiently. Prioritize tasks based on available resources to avoid overburdening the team. Regularly review
resource needs and adjust resource allocation as necessary. Tools: Tableau, Jupyter Notebook, Google
Form, computers (laptops/mobile phones).

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IV. PLANNING (P3)

1. WBS

Figure 9 WBS for the project

The project that intends to increase awareness about e-waste and phones is broken down into distinct
phases, activities, and tasks in the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) above. The project entails conducting
primary and secondary research to gather information on people's attitudes toward recycling and e-waste,
creating a website to display data about e-waste and phones, locating and forming partnerships with
collection partners to gather old phones, gathering and analysing data on phones and e-waste in various
countries, and finally evaluating the project and producing a final report summarizing the results and
recommendations for future work.

The first phase of the project is the Research and Planning phase: To acquire information on people's views
on e-waste and recycling, as well as the best methods for doing so and minimizing the environmental
impact of digital devices, this phase entails doing primary and secondary research. In this phase, the
project's goals, objectives, budget, and schedule are also developed.

The second phase of the project is the Website Development phase: During this stage, a website is created
to display the information obtained regarding phones and e-waste. Besides with designing and producing
the website's content, the project also includes testing and launch. To ensure the website's efficiency and
correctness, it will be watched upon and maintained.

The third phase of the project is the Collection Partner Development phase: Potential collection partners
are discovered at this phase, and partnerships are formed with them. To ensure that outdated phones are
gathered and recycled, the project team launches the partnerships and then monitors and maintains them.

The fourth phase of the project is the Data Collection and Analysis phase: The nations that will be collecting
information on phones and e-waste are designated in this phase. A strategy is established to gather
information on phones and e-waste, and the information is then gathered and analysed. The facts and
analyses are also summarized in a report.

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Lastly, the project management procedure and the research methodology used in the earlier phases are
evaluated during the quality assurance and evaluation phase. The project team uses the project logbook as
proof of the project development process and continuing reflection, and they reflect on the project
development process and ongoing progress.

2. Gantt Chart
After the WBS is finished, creating a Gantt Chart to show the project's timetable is the next step. The Gantt
Chart, which outlines the start and end dates for each activity as well as how they relate to one another,
will give a more thorough understanding of the project. The project manager will be better able to see
potential scheduling difficulties, allocate resources wisely, and guarantee that the project is finished on
time and under budget with the use of this information.

Figure 10 Step schedule 1

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The project's research and planning phase, which will take a month, is the first task. Doing primary and
secondary research, producing a project charter and management plan, and creating a project logbook are
all part of this phase. The Website Development Phase is the following task, and it will likewise take one
month. At this phase, a website is developed, its content is designed and written, it is tested before launch,
and it is then monitored and maintained.

Figure 11 Steps schedule 2

The third assignment, Collecting Partner Development Phase, will take one month to complete. In this
phase, possible collection partners are found, a partnership agreement is created, the collaboration is
launched, and it is then monitored and maintained. The fourth assignment, Data Collecting and Analysis
Phase, will take one month to complete. In this phase, countries to collect data on phones and e-waste are
identified, a plan is created, data is gathered and analysed, and a report is created.

The QA and Evaluation Phase, the project's last stage, will last for two months. This phase entails assessing
the research methodologies and project management procedures, reflecting on the project development
process and current progress, using the project logbook as supporting documentation, and creating a final
report summarizing the project, including results and suggestions for future projects.

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 Figure 12 Full details of Gantt chart for the project

The Gantt chart will also show dependencies between tasks, which will show what order they should be
finished in. For instance, the Research and Planning Phase must be finished before the Website
Development Phase can begin. The Gantt chart will give project managers the ability to track development,
spot any delays, and modify the project schedule as needed to make sure the project is finished on
schedule.

Part 2: Research (P4)

I. Introduction
In this scenario, we'll start a research project on e-waste by surveying and interviewing people to gauge
their awareness of the issue, if they've taken any action to decrease it, whether they know of a solution,
and the significance of e-waste reduction. We also analyse the information that we gather from the
articles/books/reports and evaluate what we are understanding about and what will we do.

II. Primary Research:

For this segment, we made the decision to conduct interviews with people regarding the issues
surrounding e-waste to learn more about their perspectives and potential solutions.

List of interview questions (include opened and closed questions):

 What do you know about the e-waste problem around the world?
 What items do you think can be considered e-waste?
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  When did you change your phone into a new one?
 Why did you change it?
 What did you do with your old phone?
 Did you know that your old phone can cause e-waste problems?
 Do you think it is possible to recycle the old phone?
 Do you know where you can recycle your old cell phone?

Summary about the interview

The images below are based on the viewpoint of the individual we spoke with after we were finished
conducting our interview regarding the issues with e-waste.

Figure 13 Question and answer

When we questioned the person if he knew anything about the e-waste problem, he responded that he
was familiar with the phrase "e-waste" and understood how it might influence the current environment.

Figure 14 Question and answer

According to the interview, most of the typical devices we currently use, such as Televisions, PCs, laptops,
smartphones, tablets, and other electronics, are what the person believes to be considered "e-waste" in
response to the second question about what constitutes the term.

Figure 15 Question and answer

When asked when he switched from his old phone to a new one for the third question, the participant said
that he did so at least two years prior.

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 Figure 16 Question and answer

We inquired about his motivation for wanting a new phone using the third question that was posed.
According to what he said, his old phone did not provide the gaming experience he was looking for.

Figure 17 Question and answer

When we moved on to the fifth question and asked what he did with his previous phone, he said that he
gave it to his family.

Figure 18 Question and answer

When we asked him about his old phone's potential to contribute to an e-waste problem for the sixth
question, he said that he was aware that it had hazardous components such a battery that may be
hazardous to both human health and the environment.

Figure 19 Question and answer

We decided to pose a hypothetical question of a potential interviewee after he was aware that the old
phone would contribute to e-waste issues. He said that obsolete phones, together with all of their
components, may be recycled and later reused or used in new phones.

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 Figure 20 Question and answer

When we asked him if he knew of a place where he could recycle his old phone, he said that he typically
did not bring them there to sell or donate them.

Introduction of survey

We will create a survey in this section for individuals who want to give their opinions on e-waste and what
they can do to decrease it.

List of survey questions

 What do you consider "e-waste," or electronic waste?

 Have you participated in recycling generally before?
 Can you recycle e-waste in your area?
 If you said yes above, how convenient is it to recycle e-waste in your area?
 What is the MOST annoying thing regarding e-waste recycling?
 How likely are you to recycle e-waste if you knew it was going to be made into something new?
 How likely are you to recycle e-waste if you were paid $1 per item you recycled?
 How do you treat your old phone?

Summary about survey

Figure 21 Survey result

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As you can see, the following chart illustrates what many believe to be e-waste: 54.5% of respondents think
phones are electronic waste, 18.2% think cables, cords, and batteries are, and 9.1% think light bulbs are.

Figure 22 Survey result

As you can see from the chart, they have recycled e-waste in the past. 63.3% and 63.6%, respectively, have
never recycled e-waste.

Figure 23 Survey result

They can recycle e-waste in their daily life, as you can see from the graphic. A recycler is nearby for 36.4%
of people, 18.2% of people don't have a recycler nearby, and 45.3% are unsure of how to recycle their e-
waste.

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 Figure 24 Survey result

They can either succeed or fail in reaching the recycling threshold, as shown in the chart. 9.1% stated it was
very difficult for them to reach the recycling, compared to 27.3% who said it was convenient, 18.2% who
said it was very convenient, and 45.5% who said it was difficult for them to reach the recycler.

Figure 25 Survey result

Recycling e-waste annoys people, as the chart demonstrates. 36.4% of respondents stated they are unsure
of what can be recycled, 27.3% said it is simply easier to dispose of it in the trash, and 18.2% said the
recycling facility is either too far away or never opens at convenient times for them.

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 Figure 26 Survey result

According to the graph, 20% claimed they knew, knew very well, and 40% stated they didn't know if they
were aware that recycled e-waste will be used to create something new.

Figure 27 Survey result

According to the graph, 36.4% of respondents indicated that they wouldn't recycle e-waste if they were
given $1 for each item of recycled e-waste they did, 36.4% indicated that they would, and 27.3% indicated
that they would cheerfully do so.

Evaluation about interview and Survey

Following the interview and survey, we can observe that many individuals are aware of what electronic
trash is and how it affects the environment as a result of constant technological innovation. Although while
more people are becoming aware of e-waste, many still do not take the essential actions to reduce it, like
properly disposing of and recycling outdated equipment. There are numerous things that go into this. Due
to the distance, it is not necessary for them to have any prior knowledge of the appropriate recyclables or

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even to be aware of the issue. Hence, it is necessary to spread more knowledge and information about how
to properly dispose of e-waste so that people are aware of the effects of their activities.

Along with a lack of knowledge on how to properly dispose of e-waste, there are issues with the price and
convenience of recycling obsolete gadgets. Local recycling initiatives might not be well known or accessible
to many individuals. Also, some recycling programs charge participants a fee to recycle their gadgets, which
may discourage people from taking part. It may be required to solve these issues and offer more easily
available and priced recycling choices if we want to encourage more people to properly dispose of and
recycle their old electronics.

III. Secondary research

Introduction

We will assess the data from the books, journals, and internet sources we already have in this secondary
study. Summarize our understanding of the articles or online sources, then determine what we might do
with extra time.

List of articles

 2022_Apple_ESG_Report:
https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_downloads/2022/08/2022_Apple_ESG_Report.pdf

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  USGS science for a changing world: https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3097/fs2006-3097.pdf

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  The Economics of Cell Phone Reuse and Recycling:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227231634_The_Economics_of_Cell_Phone_Reuse_and
_Recycling

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  The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: https://ewastemonitor.info/wp-
content/uploads/2020/11/GEM_2020_def_july1_low.pdf

Summary the articles

To summary in a simple sentence:

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  2022 Apple ESG Report:

The report highlights Apple's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint and promoting sustainable
practices throughout its operations. It provides an overview of Apple's progress in areas such as renewable
energy, carbon emissions, and resource efficiency. The report also details the company's efforts to increase
the use of recycled materials in its products and to promote closed-loop supply chains.

Figure 28 Apple recycled material to product

The figure above show us how the product launched by calendar year, this means the graph want to let us
know how the product was launched. And also mention us how the Apple companies using recycled
material for their products. For this figure, it gives us 3 information that we need are years (2017 – 2021),
recycled material (Plastic, Tin, Aluminum, Rare earth elements, Gold, Tungsten) and product (Apple Watch,
Desktop, Notebook, iPad, iPhone). And this figure also given us some detail about this graph.

 USGS Science for a Changing World:

The report discusses the environmental impacts of specific materials used in cell phone production, such as
the use of rare earth elements in batteries and screens. It notes that effective recycling and reuse programs
require significant investment in infrastructure and technology.

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 Figure 29 The number of US cell phone subscribers from 1985 to 2004

Figure 30 The number of US cell phones sold from 1985 to 2004

Two figures above show us the number of cell phone sales and cell phone subscribers in the US from 1985
to 2004. These two figures don’t show us how recycling was helping to reducing digital transformation, but
it can show us how the phone was selling in the US. Both of these figures are the bar chart. The figure 1 is
given us 2 details are years and millions of subscriber. Figure 2 also given us years but there is a different
that the unit or detail we discuss is the number of cell phone sold.

 The Economics of Cell Phone Reuse and Recycling:

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The paper discusses the social and environmental benefits of cell phone reuse, such as reducing the digital
divide and reducing the environmental impacts of cell phone production. The study notes that effective
reuse programs require strong partnerships between government, industry, and civil society, as well as
effective policies and regulations to promote sustainable practices.

Figure 31 Average cell phone recycling costs and revenues for two e-waste recyclers

Figure 32 Potential revenues from cell phone recycling based on high and low values from actual metal
recovery rates from three cell phone recyclers

These 2 figures given us the detail about the elements (materials) that they had recycled in each phone,
also show us how it cost.

 The Global E-waste Monitor 2020:

The report provides data on the generation and management of electronic waste (e-waste) worldwide. It
highlights the need for improved e-waste management practices to reduce the environmental and health
impacts of e-waste, as well as the potential for resource recovery through effective recycling programs. The
report notes that only a small percentage of e-waste is currently recycled globally.

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 Figure 33 E-waste generated by years and the prediction

Figure 34 The rise and swallow of electronic device since 2014

These 2 figures show us the information about the e-waste and their prediction for this. As you can see
that the number of global e-waste generated by year has to be measured by the unit metric tons, that
mean it is a lot and it also mentions about the cells phone problems (small IT and telecommunication
equipment).

- Evaluation about your understanding

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  The 2022 Apple ESG Report outlines Apple's progress towards its environmental, social, and
governance goals, including efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve resources,
promote worker rights and diversity, and improve product recycling and environmental
performance.
 The USGS Science for a Changing World publication provides an overview of the environmental
impact of cell phone production, use, and disposal, as well as the potential benefits and challenges
of cell phone recycling.
 The Economics of Cell Phone Reuse and Recycling is a research paper that examines the economic
incentives and barriers to cell phone recycling and reuse, as well as potential policy solutions to
increase recycling rates and reduce environmental impact.
 The Global E-waste Monitor 2020 is a report by the United Nations University that provides global
data on the generation, composition, and management of electronic waste, including phones.

Overall, these sources provide insights into the environmental and social impact of cell phone production
and disposal, as well as efforts by companies and policymakers to promote sustainable practices and
reduce waste.

If I have more free time and are interested in the topics covered in these articles and reports, here are
some work that I can do:

 Read more about electronic waste and its impact on the environment: You can find more
information on electronic waste, its sources, and its impact on the environment by researching and
reading related articles and reports.
 Learn about the circular economy: The concept of the circular economy aims to reduce waste and
increase resource efficiency by keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible.
Reading about this topic can provide insight into how companies and individuals can reduce waste
and promote sustainability.
 Research companies' environmental and social practices: Many companies now publish
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reports, such as the Apple ESG report. By researching
and comparing these reports, you can gain insight into how companies are addressing
environmental and social challenges.
 Look into electronic recycling programs and initiatives: Electronic recycling programs and initiatives
aim to reduce electronic waste by collecting and recycling old electronics. By researching and
participating in these programs, you can contribute to reducing electronic waste and promoting
sustainability.

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 REFERENCE

Apple ESG 2022 Report (no date) 2022_Apple_ESG_Report.pdf. Available

at:https://s2.q4cdn.com/470004039/files/doc_downloads/2022/08/2022_Apple_ESG_Report.pdf
(Accessed: February 27, 2023).

Recycled cell phones—a treasure trove of valuable metals - USGS (no date). Available
at:https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3097/fs2006-3097.pdf (Accessed: February 27, 2023).

(PDF) the economics of cell phone reuse and recycling - researchgate (no date). Available
at:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227231634_The_Economics_of_Cell_Phone_Reuse_and_Rec
ycling (Accessed: February 27, 2023).

E-waste monitor (no date). Available at:

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