Rubber Processing Ncii: Module No 3: Performing Estimations and Basic Calculation Learner's Manual

RUBBER PROCESSING NCII
Module No 3: Performing Estimations and

Basic Calculation
Learner’s Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
How to use this module 2
Expected Outcome 3
Pre Assessment 3
L Lesson 1: Determine Areas of 7
Concern for Safety Measures
Definition of Technical Terms 7
Lesson Information 1.0 8
Job Requirements
Self Check 1.0 12
Estimation of Quantities
Self Check 1.1 19
L Lesson 2: Apply Appropriate 20
Safety Measures
Definition of Technical Terms 20
Workplace Calculation
Self Check 2.0 24
Activity 2.0 25
Matching test
Basic Calculation
Self Check 2.1 28
Calculating Fraction,
Percentage and Mixed Fraction
Self Check 2.2 31
Post Assessment 32
Generalization 37
References 38
Acknowledgement 39
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the course of Rubber Processing NC II.
This Module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitude in Rubber

Production in accordance to industry standard which leads you to
National Certificate Level II (NC II).
You need to complete and pass the self-check of this module before you
can perform higher level of competencies. Practices in this module will help
you understand the underlying theories in Using Farm Tools and
Equipment. Desirable values and attitude must also be taken into
consideration.
This module consists of two (2) lessons such as (a) Perform estimation
and (b) Perform basic workplace calculation. Each lesson contains learning
activities for both knowledge and skills, supported with lesson information,
activities, and self-checks, gathered from different sources. Before you
perform the exercises, read the lesson information and activity page that
follows. Then answer the self-check for confirmation that you are equipped
with the knowledge necessary to perform the skills of the particular
learning outcome.
1
How Do You Use This Manual?
To get the most from this Manual, you need to do the following:
1. This Manual contains several Modules.
2. Begin by reading and understanding the lessons. These would tell you what
you should know and be able to do at the end of this Module.
3. Find out what you already know by taking the Pre Assessment then check
your score. If you get 99% to 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed
to the next module. This means that you need not go through the Lessons
because you already know what it is about. If you failed to get 99% to
100% correctly, go through the Lessons and review especially those items
which you failed to get.
4. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more

Information. The Lesson Information contains important notes or basic
information that you need to know.
5. After reading the Lesson Information, test yourself on how much you
learned by means of the Self-Check. Do not hesitate to go back to the
Lesson Information when you do not get all test items correctly. This will
ensure your mastery of basic information.
6. It is not enough that you acquire content or information. You must be able
to demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity directs you to
do. In other words, you must be able to apply what you have learned in real
life.
7. How well did you perform? Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics.
8. Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of technical
terms for your guide. They can be of great help. Use them fully.
2
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Module, you should be able to:
Lesson 1. Perform estimation

Lesson 2. Perform basic workplace calculation.
Pre-Assessment
What Do You Already Know?
Let us determine how much you already know about performing

estimation and basic calculation. Take this test.
Before you go through the lesson, try to answer this pre assessment.
This will enable you to find out what you already know and what you still
need to know about “Performing Estimation.”
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it in your
test notebook.
1. Which of the following is the main cause of a project failure?

a. Low cost of development
b. Poor planning
c. Economic considerations
d. Proper record keeping
2. What is needed to analyze the demands of a particular job in relation to

the qualification of a job applicant?
a. Job requirement
b. Educational qualification of applicants
c. Materials needed to complete a work activity
d. Financial requirements
3
3. In order to estimate the quantity of materials and resources needed to
complete a work task, prepare a ___________.
a. schedule of development
b. bill of materials
c. feasibility study
d. project proposal
4. What is not included when preparing a bill of materials?

a. Kind of materials
b. Quality of materials
c. Quantity of materials
d. Cost of materials
5. If the unit cost of one elf load of topsoil is Php 1400, how much is the
cost of 3 elf loads of topsoil?
a. Php 2,200
b. Php 3,200
c. Php 4,200
d. Php 5,200
6. How will you estimate the time needed to complete a work activity?
a. Hire plenty of laborers
b. Prepare a work schedule or program of work
c. Make a feasibility study
d. Follow a project proposal
7. It is the listing of activities in relation to manpower requirements.

a. Project estimation
b. Project development
c. Project programming
d. Project proposal making
8. The number of days allotted to complete a work activity is dependent on

__________.
a. daily labor requirement
b. weekly labor requirement
c. monthly labor requirement
d. yearly labor requirement
9. Which of the following is a function of a project caretaker?

a. Preparing a feasibility study
b. Forming a functional working team
c. Securing loan from a bank
d. Delegating work to others
4
10. Reporting needed materials for a project to appropriate persons
facilitates _________
a. funding of the project
b. hiring of needed laborers
c. recording of income
d. record keeping
11. Calculation means -

a. to ascertain by estimating.
b. to ascertain by computing.
c. to ascertain by visualizing.
d. to ascertain by converting.
12. A system of measurement based on meter and gram is -

a. Algebraic system
b. English system
c. Metric system
d. Mathematical system
13. To convert 1 inch to centimeters, multiply 1 inch by _______

a. 30.48
b. 2.54
c. 25.4
d. 28.3
14. What is the equivalent of 1 metric ton to kilogram?

a. 500 kg
b. 1000 kg
c. 1500 kg
d. 2,000 kg
15. If there are 3.281 in 1 meter, how many feet are there in 5 meters?
a. 16.405
b. 16.504
c. 16.054
d. 16.540
16. Roy bought 10 L of pesticides @ P 250 per L. How much did Roy spent
for the pesticides?
a. P 2000
b. 2,500
c. 3,000
d. 3,500
5
17. Mr. Cruz bought 120 sack of fertilizer for his rubber plantation. He
spent P 108,000. How much does one sack of fertilizer?
a. P 600
b. 700
c. 800
d. 900
18. Mr. Richards spent for the supplies and materials in his rubber farm as
listed below. What was his total expenditure? Day 1 = P 5,000. Day 2 = P
8,300, Day 3 = P 4,800, Day 4 = P 10,100
a. P 28,100
b. 28,200
c. 28,300
d. 28,400
19. Mang Juan is a rubber tapper. Every day of the week he has to tap 120
rubber trees. On day 3, he was only able to tap 80 rubber trees. How many
rubber trees were untapped on day 3?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
20 Mr. Cummins purchased 500 rubber seedlings @ P7.00 per seedling.

What is the total cost of the rubber seedlings Mr. Cummins purchased?
a. P 2000
b. 2500
c. 3000
d. 3500.
6
Lesson 1: Perform Estimation
 Job requirements from written or oral communication are identified.

 Quantities of materials and resources required to complete a task are
estimated
 The time needed to complete a work activity are estimated
 Accurate estimate for work completion are made
 Estimate of materials and resources to appropriate person are
reported.
Definition of Technical Terms
an action taken in advance to

Safety Precaution protect against possible danger,
failure, or injury; a safeguard
a tool held in the hand and operated
Hand Tools without electricity or other power.
an established or official way of
Procedure doing something.
a way of carrying out a particular

Technique task.
the process of preparing an

approximate computation of
Estimation the probable cost
of a piece of work prepared by a
person
doing a work
an element necessary to perform a
Job requirement work task in relation to job
applicants.
Project Programming the listing of activities to determine

how and when a project will start
and be completed
the list of materials needed that are
Bill of Materials itemized to complete a job.
7
What Do You Need To Know?
Read Lesson Information 1.0 very well then find out how much you
can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-Check 1.1.
Lesson Information 1.0
Job Requirements
The worst error a prospective operator can make is to develop an area

without project cost estimates and program of development. The
disadvantages of this are: development money is wasted and management
of the area becomes difficult. Poor planning is the major cause of project
failure that leads to personal bankruptcy.
Job Requirements
A job requirement is important to analyze the demands of a particular job

in relation to the qualifications of job applicants. It consists of the following:
1. Physical demand to perform a job

 Strength.
 Communicating
 Hearing
 Seeing
2. Physical condition of the work area

 Temperature
 Humidity
 Noise
 Atmospheric condition
 Unavoidable hazards
3. Mental requirements
 Understand and carry out oral and simple written instructions.
 Prepare detailed records or reports.
 Estimate size, form, quantity, or quality of objects.
 Count and make simple arithmetic addition and subtraction.
 Plan and schedule movement or flow of material or products.
 Perform repair and maintenance of equipment.

Plan a work activity.
8
Direct work of activities.
Train other workers.
Work as a member of a team.
Work with minimum amount of supervision.
Estimating Quantity of Materials/Resources to Complete a Work Task
In order to estimate the requirements and resources required to complete a

work task, there is a need to prepare a program of work and estimates.
Table1. Proposed Program of Work in Receiving and Hauling 5 tons of

Rubber Lumps for Processing.
Nature of Work Responsible Labor Duration Support

Person Requirement Facilities &
Equipment
Receive document 1 5 min Ball pen
/record from truck Receiver /record
man/delivery man book
Check the record Receiver 1 5 min Ball pen
Instruct to unload 1 5 min
the lumps from truck Receiver
to the receiving area
Haul the lumps 5 1.5 hrs Steel hook
towards the weighing PPE
station/weighing Laborers
scale
Weigh the lumps Laborers 5 1 hr Weighing
scale
Record the weight Receiver 1 1hr Ball pen,
record book
Cross-check with 1 1 hr Record
delivery man’s record Receiver book, ball
pen, delivery
man’s record
Haul lumps towards 5 1.5 hrs Steel hook,
the pond for Laborers PPE, pond
cleaning/washing
Haul the lumps 5 1 hr Steel hook,
towards the slab PPE
cutter machine Laborers
Feed lumps to the 5 2 hrs Steel hook,

slab cutter machine Laborers PPE, slab
cutter
machine
9
Table 2. Proposed schedule in Producing Blanketed Rubber Sheets and
Shredding Rubber ready for the Drying Operation of a 5 tons Lumps
Activities Time Frame

M T W TH F S S
Cut / slice rubber lumps in the
slab cutter machine
Feed slabs in the pre-breaker
machine
Feed small piece rubber lumps
into roller machine (shredder) for
thinning (rubber sheet)
Cut rubber sheets to desired
length
Transfer shredded rubber sheets
to drier/drying area
Dry rubber sheets
Estimating Time to Complete a Work Activity
Time is a very important element to consider in a work activity. To facilitate

completion of a certain job, prepare a work schedule or a program of work.
Project programming is a listing of work activities in relation to manpower
requirement versus the volume or piece of work required at a certain time
of development. It is undertaken to determine how and when a project will
start and be completed within a given period based on daily output, or by
determining the number of days wherein a work will be finished.
The program of work is the basis of the implementation of the project. Each
item should be evaluated and calculated realistically so that each job will
be properly developed and implemented economically
The lead man who acts as overseer of the project should: plan ahead of
what are to be done on time; keep his co-workers well-informed of the
activities to be undertaken; follow the work plan, target and calendar of
activities closely to attain its target production; and form a functional
working team in order to carry out the plan as scheduled.
After all the job requirements are identified, quantity of material resources,
and time needed to complete a work activity is estimated, reporting to
appropriate person for funding is necessary i,e, teacher, project, leader,
head teacher, principal, entrepreneurs, and private stake holders.
10
LET US REMEMBER
Accurate estimation facilitates the acquisition of materials and other

resources to complete a work task. Availability of materials and other
resources ensures easy development of a project. Time is a very important
element in completing a work activity.
11
HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?
Now that you have finished the lesson, let’s find out how much you have
learned by answering the post-test. Answer this in your test notebook.
Self-check 1.1
test notebook.

b. Poor planning
a. Job requirement
d. project proposal
5. If the unit cost of one elf load of top soil is Php 1400, how much is the
cost of 3 elf loads of top soil?
a. Php 2,200
b. Php 3,200
c. Php 4,200
d. Php 5,200
12

_________.
facilitates ____________.
d. record keeping
13
ESTIMATES OF QUANTITIES
BASIC NUMERACY CALCULATIONS
Skills in basic numeracy skills are important in performing any work

tasks. There are a variety of measurements required to be performed daily
and must be accurate, appropriate to workplace needs and up to workplace
standards and accuracy requirements. Measurements may include length,
width, area and volume and are to be taken.
Decimals in measurement
To be more précised in the measurement, decimals are to be

employed. For example, when specifying the height of a person we can be
quite specific e.g. 1.52 meters tall. To say that person is “about” 1 or 2
meters tall doesn’t give us a very good idea of how tall that person really is.
The prefixes for the different units of length, volume, and mass in the
metric system obey the following rules:
. Prefix Multiply by
milli 0.001
centi 0.01
deci 0.1
deka 10
hecto 100
kilo 1000
Example:
1 hectometer = 100 meters

1 centigram = 0.01 gram
5 milliliters = 5× (0.001 liters) = 0.005 liters
0.7 kilometers = 0.7 × (1000 meters) = 700 meters
I. Measuring length
In measuring length, the metric measuring device is the metric ruler.

A metric ruler is a narrow straight length of wood, plastic or metal marked
along its length with millimeter and centimeter units. Long metric rulers
might also have a meter unit.
The standard unit of length in the metric system is the meter. Other
units of length and their equivalents in meters are as follows:
1 millimeter = 0.001 meter
14
1 centimeter = 0.01 meter or 10 millimeters
1 decimeter = 0.1 meter or 10 centimeters
1 kilometer = 1000 meters
Symbols are as follows:
1 millimeter = 1 mm
1 centimeter = 1 cm
1 meter = 1 m
1 decimeter = 1 dm
1 kilometer = 1 km
Unit of measurement is often determined by the industry e.g. Building and

Construction primarily use millimeters to assure the greatest accuracy.
Otherwise it is entirely dictated by the length of the object being measured
e.g.
• Measure the thickness of glass for a window in millimeters.

• Measure the diagonal of a television screen in centimeters.
• Measure the width of a road in meters.
• Measure the distance between two airports in kilometers.
Various instruments are used to measure length.
• Rulers and tape measures are marked in millimeters or centimeters to

measure shorter lengths accurately.
• A trundle wheel is used to measure length to the nearest meter.
• A car’s odometer measures distance in tenths of a kilometer.
Conversion of length
Large unit to small unit:

 Multiplying by the relevant power of 10.
Example:
Convert 8 cm to mm?
Note that 1 cm = 10 mm
Then,
8 cm x 10mm = 80 mm
Small unit to large unit:

 Dividing by the relevant power of 10.
Example:
15
Convert 35 mm to cm?
Note that 1cm = 10 mm
Then,
35 mm / 10 mm = 3.5 cm
II. Measuring Weight
Metric balance scales is used in measuring weight. These have two

plates attached to a lever. On one side are placed known gram weights. The
unknown sample is placed on the other. When the plates balance, the
unknown weight is equal to the known weights.
Metric spring scales have the unknown weight attached to a spring of

known properties. The spring stretching moves a pointer to the gram or
kilogram weight. • Digital metric scales use electronic circuits to determine
the weight of an unknown sample in grams or kilograms.
Hydraulic and pneumatic metric scales are used for measuring very
heavy objects. They use fluid pressure changes to determine weights in
kilograms.
The standard unit of mass in the metric system is the gram.
Other units of mass and their equivalents in grams:
1 milligram = 0.001 gram

1 centigram = 0.01 gram
1 decigram = 0.1 gram
1 kilogram = 1000 grams
In symbols:
1 milligram = 1 mg
1 centigram = 1 cg
1 decigram = 1 dg
1 gram = 1 g
1 kilogram = 1 kg
III. Measuring Volumes
Graduated cylinders are used to measure volumes. These are essentially

tall cylinders of glass or plastic with marks up their sides. The marks are in
units of fractions of a liter, most often milliliters. The cylinder is partially
filled with water and the volume of the water is read. An object of unknown
16
volume is placed in the water and a new reading is taken. The first reading
is subtracted from the second. This gives the volume of the object.
The standard unit of volume in the metric system is Liter. One liter is equal
to 1000 cubic centimeters in volume.
Other units of volume and their equivalents in liters are as follows:
1 milliliter = 0.001 liter

1 centiliter = 0.01 liter
1 deciliter = 0.1 liter
1 kiloliter = 1000 liters
1000 milliliters = 1 liter
1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter
In symbols:
1 milliliter = 1 ml
1 centiliter = 1 cl
1 deciliter = 1 dl
1 liter = 1 L
1 kiloliter = 1 kl
CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF SIMPLE OBJECTS
The volume of a rectangular box is = length x width x height
h - height
w - width
l - length
Example:
Given a rectangular box with length of 15 cm, width of 5 cm and height of 7

cm. what is the volume of the rectangular box?
V=lxwxh
V= 15 cm x 5 cm x 7 cm
V = 525 cubic centimeter
IV. Measuring Temperature
17
Celsius Thermometers are used in measuring temperature. The Celsius
temperature scale is the scale used by the metric system. It is based on the
freezing and boiling points of water. Thermometers marked in degrees
Celsius are metric temperature measuring tools.
Temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius in the metric system. The

boiling point of water (at sea level) is 100° Celsius, or 100° C. The freezing
point of water (at sea level) is 0° Celsius
V. Measuring Time
Watches and Clocks are used to measure time. The second is the basic
metric unit of time. Watches and clocks are metric time-measuring tools.
Conversion of units:
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds
1 day = 24 hours
1 week = 7 days
1 year = 365 1/4 days
18
How much did you learn?
Self-Check 1.1
Now that you have finished the lesson, let’s find out how much you have
learned by answering the post-test. Answer this in your test notebook.
I. Match column A to Column B. Write only the letter of your answer in you
answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. Length a. 1000
2. Time b. meter
3. Volume c. 0.01
4. Weight d. degree Celcius
5. Temperature e. 10
6. kilo f. liter
7. deka g. 0.001
8. milli h. gram
9. deci i. 100
10.centi j. 0.1
11.hecto k. seconds
Lesson 2: Perform Basic Workplace Calculation
19
 Calculations to be made are identified according to job requirements
 Method of calculation are correctly identified
 System and units of measurement to be followed are ascertained
 Calculation needed to complete work tasks sing four basic processes of
addition, division, multiplication and subtraction are performed
 Whole fraction, percentage and mixed are calculated when to complete the
instructions
 Number computed for alignment are self-checked and completed
close to the actual, but not

Approximate completely accurate or exact
the mathematical determination of
Calculation the quantity.
a change in the form of a quantity, a
Conversion unit, or an expression without a
change in the value.
an arithmetical multiplier for
Conversion Factor converting a quantity expressed in
one set of units into an equivalent
expressed in another
equal in value, amount, function,
Equivalent meaning,
to ascertain the dimensions,
Measuring quantity, or capacity of:
a system of measurement based on
Metric system the meter and the gram
a word, letter, or number placed
Prefix before another.
any fixed quantity, amount,
Unit of measurement distance, etc. used as standard.
20
Calculations to Job Requirement

To calculate means to ascertain by computing. It is a process of
transforming one or more inputs into one or more result. Basic calculation
in rubber production & processing is a very important tool in order to
facilitate the completion of a work task.
System and Units of Measurement
SYSTEM AND UNIT OF MEASUREMENT AND

CONVERSIONS
GENERAL CONVERSION TABLE
To convert Into Multiply by

English Metric unit
LENGTH
Inches Centimeters 2.54
Inches Millimeters 25.4
Feet Centimeter 30.48
Feet Millimeters 304.0
Yard Meters 0.914
VOLUME
Pint Liter 0.473
Quarts Liter 0.946
Gallons Liter 3.787
MASS(Weight)
Ounces Grams 28.35
Pounds Kilograms 0.4536
MEASUREMENT CONVERSION TABLE

To convert Into Multiply by
Metric unit English unit
21
Table 1: Using Conversion Table
OTHER UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS AND CONVERSIONS
Length
English units
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet
1 mile = 5280 feet
1 nautical mile = 1.1516 statute mile
1 acre = 208.71 feet
Metric units
10 millimeter (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm.)
10 cm = 1 decimeter (dm.)
10 dm = 1 meter (m.)
1000 m = 1 kilometer (km.)
Equivalents
1 foot = 0.3048 meters
1 statute mi = 1.60935 kilometers
1 nautical mi = 1.853 kilometers
1 centimeter = 0.3937 inches
1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 kilometer = 3.280.83 feet
Volume/capacity
Metric unit
1 centiliter (cl.) = 10 milliliters (ml)
1 deciliter (dl.) = 10 centiliters
1 liter (L) = 16 deciliters
1 dekaliter (dkl.) = 10 liters
1hectoliter (hl.) = 10 dekaliters
1 kiloliter = 10hectoleters
Weight
Metric units
1 centigram (cg) = 10 milligram (mg.)
1 decigram (dg.) = 10 centigrams
1 gram (g.) = 10 decigram
1 dekagram (dkg.) = 10 grams
1 hectogram (hg.) = 10 dekagrams
1 kilogram (kg) = 10 hectogram
1 metric ton = 1000 kilograms
22
Common Equivalents and Conversion Factors
for U.S. Customary and SI systems
Units Approximate Common Equivalents

LENGTH
1 inch 25 millimeters
1 foot 0.3 meter
1 yard 0.9 meter
1 mile 1.6 kilometers
1 millimeter 0.04 inch
1 meter 3.3 feet
1 meter 1.1 yards
1 kilometer 0.6 mile (statute)
AREA
1 square centimeter 0.16 square inch
1 square meter 11 square feet
1 square meter 1.2 square yards
1 hectare 2.5 acres
1 square inch 6.5 square centimeters
1 square foot 0.09 square meter
1 square yard 0.8 square meter
1 acre 0.4 hectare
VOLUME
1 cubic inch 16 cubic centimeters
1 cubic foot 0.03 cubic meter
1 cubic yard 0.8 cubic meter
1 quart (liq) 1 liter
1 gallon 0.004 cubic meter
1 cubic centimeter 0.06 cubic inch
1 cubic meter 35 cubic feet
1 cubic meter 1.3 cubic yards
1 liter 1 quart (liq)
1 cubic meter 264 gallons
WEIGHT
1 ounce (avdp) 28 grams
1 pound (avdp) 0.45 kilogram
1 gram 0.035 ounce (avdp)
1 kilogram 2.2 pounds (avdp)
POWER
1 horsepower 0.75 kilowatt
1 kilowatt 1.3 horsepower
23
Self-Check 2.0
A. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write this in
your test notebook.
a. Algebraic system
b. English system
c. Metric system
a. 30.48
b. 2.54
c. 25.4
d. 28.3
a. 500 kg
b. 1000 kg
c. 1500 kg
d. 2,000 kg
a. 16.405
b. 16.504
c. 16.054
d. 16.540
24
Activity 2.0
I. Match column A to Column B. Write only the letter of your

answer in you answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. 1 inch a. 0.75 kilowatt

2. 1 hectare b. 0.004 cubic meter
3. 1 horsepower c. 3.3 feet
4. 1 pound d. 1 quart (liq)
5. 1 gallon e. 25 millimeters
6. 1 square meter f. 11 square feet
7. 1 meter g. 2.2 pounds
8. 1 liter h. 0.4 hectare
9. 1 kilogram i. 2.5 acres
10. 1 acre j. 0.45 kilogram
25
Read Lesson Information 2.1 very well then find out how much you
can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-Check 2.2.
Calculating capable of or made for performing calculations, especially

arithmetical calculations
Converting to change (something) into another form, substance, state,
or product; transform
4 Basic refers to the 4 fundamental operations of mathematics,
Operations multiplication, division, addition,
subtraction
BASIC CALCULATIONS
4 Basic Operations
A. Multiplication
Sample Problems 1. Find the area of a rectangular tank whose length =

8m and width =3m.
Solution:
Formula:
A= L x W
Substitute the values to the formula:
A = 8m x 3 m = 24 sq.m.
B. Division
26
Sample Problem 2: The total cost of 50 pcs pail is P 5000. What is the cost
of each pail?
Solution:
Formula:
C = T/no. pcs
Substitute the values to the formula:
C = P5000/ 50 pcs = P100/pc
C. Addition
Sample Problem 3. Mang Berto bought the following items: How much did
he spent?
5 kg rice = P 225
1kg pork = 150
1kg chicken = 120
2 kg mangoes = 100
Solution:
Add the cost of each item bought and the total is the money spent by
Mang Berto.
Total money spent = P 225+150+120+100 = P 595
D. Subtraction
Sample Problem 4. Mr. Ramos bought 25 sacks of fertilizer to be fertilized

in the farm. On the first day he applied 7 sacks, on the second day 5 sacks.
How many sacks of fertilizer remained in his custody?
Solution:
Total number fertilizer bought = 25 sacks

Total number fertilizer used = 7+5= 12 sacks fertilizer.
Remaining fertilizer = total number fertilizer bought –
total number fertilizer used
= 25 sacks – 12 sacks
= 13 sacks
Self-Check 2.1
27
Calculation Using 4 Basic Operations (MDAS)
Calculate the following:
for the pesticides?
2. Mr. Cruz bought 120 sacks of fertilizers for his rubber plantation. He
received P 108,000. How much does one sack fertilizer cost?
3. Mr. Richards spent for the supplies and materials in his rubber
plantation as listed below. What was his total expenditure? Day 1 = P
5,000. Day 2 = P 8,300, Day 3 = P 4,800, Day 4 = P 10,100
5. Mr. Cummins purchased 500 rubber seedlings @ P7.00 per seedling.

28
CALCULATING FRACTION, PERCENTAGE & MIXED
FRACTION
Converting Percent and Fractions

Percent shows a part out of 100.
Example 1: 42%
42% means 42 out of 100. This can be written as 42/100. This can
be further simplified by dividing the numerator and denominator by 2: the
final result is 21/50.
Example 2: 25%
25% = 25/100
Simplify by diving both the numerator and denominator by 25.
Result is ¼
Example 3. 0.4%
0.4% = 0.4/100
To get rid of decimal point:

For 1 decimal place, multiply the numerator and denominator to 10;
2 decimal places-100
3 decimal places-1000
0.4/100 = 40/1000
To simplify, divide the numerator and denominator to 40
Results is 1/25
Example 4. 0.25%
0.25% = 0.25/100
To get rid of 2 decimal places, multiply the numerator and

denominator to 100.
0.25/100 = 25/10000
Simplify by dividing the numerator and denominator by 25
Result is 1/400
29
Example 5: 230%
230% = 230/100
Percent over 100 % will result to a mixed or improper fraction.
230/100 = 23/10 improper fraction, after dividing the numerator and

denominator by 10.
Or 23/10, when dividing 23 by 10. A quotient of 2 and a remainder of

3.
Result is 2 3/10.
CONVERTING FRACTIONS TO PERCENT
In converting fractions to percent is to either multiply or divide the

denominator of the given fraction to number that will result to 100.
Example 1. 1/5
To get 100 in the denominator is to multiply it by 20. Whatever

number multiplied in the denominator will also be multiplied in the
numerator.
1/5 = 20/100,
Result in percent is 20%
Example 2. 8/200
To change the denominator to 100, divide it with 2.
8/200 = 4/100
Result is 4%
Example 3. 3/8
When the denominator does not easily change to 100, you can
convert to a decimal first. Then move the decimal over twice to the right to
get the percent.
3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5/100
Result is 37.5%
Example 4. 3 3/5
30
To a mixed fraction converted to percent, ignore the whole number 3
until the end. We will focus on the 3/5. Then we will use the 3 to show that
the percent will be over 300%. The whole number will go in the hundreds
place in your percent.
To change the denominator 5 to 100, multiply it by 20.
3 3/5 = 3(20)/5(20) = 3 60/100
Result is 360%
How much did you learn?
Self-Check 2.2
I. Convert the following percent to fraction:
1. 20%
2. 250%
3. 0.44%
4. 10%
5. 95%
II. Convert the following fraction to percent:
6. 3/5
7. 45/10
8. 2 1/5
9. 5/20
10. 20/80
Post-Assessment
31
How much have you Learned?
Before you go through the lesson, try to answer this pre assessment.
This will enable you to find out what you already know and what you still
need to know about “Performing Estimation.”
test notebook.

b. Poor planning

a. Job requirement

d. project proposal

5. If the unit cost of one elf load of topsoil is Php 1400, how much is the
cost of 3 elf loads of topsoil?
a. Php 2,200
b. Php 3,200
c. Php 4,200
d. Php 5,200
32




facilitates _________
d. record keeping


a. Algebraic system
b. English system
c. Metric system

a. 30.48
b. 2.54
c. 25.4
d. 28.3
a. 500 kg
33
b. 1000 kg
c. 1500 kg
d. 2,000 kg
a. 16.405
b. 16.504
c. 16.054
d. 16.540
for the pesticides?
a. P 2000
b. 2,500
c. 3,000
d. 3,500
17. Mr. Cruz bought 120 sack of fertilizer for his rubber plantation. He
spent P 108,000. How much does one sack of fertilizer?
a. P 600
b. 700
c. 800
d. 900
18. Mr. Richards spent for the supplies and materials in his rubber farm as
listed below. What was his total expenditure? Day 1 = P 5,000. Day 2 = P
8,300, Day 3 = P 4,800, Day 4 = P 10,100
a. P 28,100
b. 28,200
c. 28,300
d. 28,400
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
20 Mr. Cummins purchased 500 rubber seedlings @ P7.00 per seedling.

a. P 2000
b. 2500
c. 3000
d. 3500.
34
Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?
Answer Key :
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the nex
GENERALIZATION:
This module gave opportunity to the students to develop their skills
in Apply Safety Practices in Farm Operations based on the standard
operating procedures, techniques and knowledge of Rubber Production
NC II
This Module prepares the student to move on to the next important

skills for development… the module Receiving Latex and Lumps
35
References
1. http://www.easydigging.com/how-to/use-grub-hoe.html
2. http://www.doityourself.com/stry/how-to-use-pruning-shears-
correctly#b
3. http://treesandshrubs.about.com/od/pruning/a/How-to-Use-A-
Pruning-Saw.htm
4.
http://www.stewardshipcommunity.com/best-spraying-practices/knapsac
k-spraying/efficient-knapsack-sprayer-use.html
5. http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312380/machine.htm
6. http://www.hse.gov.uk/agriculture/topics/machinery.htm
7.htp://www.regionalskillstraining.com/sites/default/files/content/WNC
%20Book%201.pdf
8. http://www.britannica.com/science/International-System-of-Units
http://www.softschools.com/math/topics/
converting_percents_and_fractions/
9. https://www.mathsisfun.com/converting-percents-fractions.html
10. OSU Publication 962: Columbia County Oregon State University:
Revised 1996: Prepared by Chal G. Landgren
11. Farm Safety: Standards of Practice for Farms in Nova Scotia: Machinery
& Workshop: December 2004
12. Agricultural Mechanics Small Engines – Briggs Straton “ (Manual)
13. CBLM’s in Horticulture NC II
14. CBLM: in Aquaculture NC2,Module3.pp14-15)
36
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Department of Education (DepED), Central Office through the Bureau

of Secondary Education (BSE) wishes to extend its gratitude and appreciation to
all the Module Writers and those involved in the Development of the Learner’s
Manual for sharing their time and expertise.
Writer (Agriculture and Fishery Arts)
Valentino M. Navarrete
Master Teacher II
Iligan City National School of Fisheries
Division of Iligan City
Region X
Language/Content Editors
Reviewer/Validator
Angelito A. Aballe, Ph.D.
Senior Education Program Specialist
Division of Zamboanga Sibugay
Region IX
Lay-Out Artist/Illustrator
Management Team
Jocelyn DR. Andaya
Director III
OIC, BSE
Maria Cecilia O. Nayve Edna M. Bulan
Senior EPS EPS II
Clodualdo V. Paiton
Technical Specialist
Administrative Staff:
Pamela C. Loveria Criselda J. Reyes
Efren K. Darcera, Jr. Romeo L. King, Jr.
NOTE:
All Pictures and graphic illustrations taken from the internet are properties of the original
owners and are used only as supplemental materials for educational purposes.
37

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RUBBER PROCESSING NCII

Module No 3: Performing Estimations and

Welcome to the course of Rubber Processing NC II.

This Module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitude in Rubber

1. This Manual contains several Modules.

4. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more

7. How well did you perform? Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics.

Lesson 1. Perform estimation

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about performing

1. Which of the following is the main cause of a project failure?

2. What is needed to analyze the demands of a particular job in relation to

4. What is not included when preparing a bill of materials?

7. It is the listing of activities in relation to manpower requirements.

8. The number of days allotted to complete a work activity is dependent on

9. Which of the following is a function of a project caretaker?

11. Calculation means -

12. A system of measurement based on meter and gram is -

13. To convert 1 inch to centimeters, multiply 1 inch by _______

14. What is the equivalent of 1 metric ton to kilogram?

20 Mr. Cummins purchased 500 rubber seedlings @ P7.00 per seedling.

 Job requirements from written or oral communication are identified.

Definition of Technical Terms

an action taken in advance to

a way of carrying out a particular

the process of preparing an

Project Programming the listing of activities to determine

Lesson Information 1.0

The worst error a prospective operator can make is to develop an area

A job requirement is important to analyze the demands of a particular job

1. Physical demand to perform a job

2. Physical condition of the work area

Estimating Quantity of Materials/Resources to Complete a Work Task

In order to estimate the requirements and resources required to complete a

Table1. Proposed Program of Work in Receiving and Hauling 5 tons of

Nature of Work Responsible Labor Duration Support

Feed lumps to the 5 2 hrs Steel hook,

Activities Time Frame

Estimating Time to Complete a Work Activity

Time is a very important element to consider in a work activity. To facilitate

Accurate estimation facilitates the acquisition of materials and other

1. Which of the following is the main cause of a project failure?

7. It is the listing of activities in relation to manpower requirements.

Lesson Information 1.1

BASIC NUMERACY CALCULATIONS

Skills in basic numeracy skills are important in performing any work

To be more précised in the measurement, decimals are to be

1 hectometer = 100 meters

In measuring length, the metric measuring device is the metric ruler.

1 millimeter = 0.001 meter

Symbols are as follows:

Unit of measurement is often determined by the industry e.g. Building and

• Measure the thickness of glass for a window in millimeters.

Various instruments are used to measure length.

• Rulers and tape measures are marked in millimeters or centimeters to

Large unit to small unit:

Small unit to large unit:

Note that 1cm = 10 mm

II. Measuring Weight

Metric balance scales is used in measuring weight. These have two

Metric spring scales have the unknown weight attached to a spring of

The standard unit of mass in the metric system is the gram.