Reviewer in PerDev

Personality Development VS. Personal Development

The word personality is defined as:
 The set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving that makes a person different from other people
“We all have different personality.”
 Attractive qualities that make a person interesiting or pleasant to be with
“He has a very pleasant personality.”
 A person of importance, prominence, or renown
“He has an influential personality in genetic engineering.”
 Belonging or relating to a particular person
“We do not accept personal checks.”
 Of, relating to, or affecting a particular person
“This is just my personal opinion.”
 Made or designed to be used by one person
“I can only tell you what I know from personal experience.”

Personal Development may be defined as a process in which persons reflect upon themselves, understand who they are,
accept what they discover about themselves, and learn (or unlearn) new set of values, attitudes, behavior and thinking skills
to reach their fullest potential as human beings.

When/Where did “Personal Development” begin?

 From the Evolution of Man
 “The cavemen who drew figures on their caves (it was an attempt of creative expression & narration)
 The time of the Western Philosophers
 “The Greek philosophers – when questions about self and about being human were started to be asked
“Plato’s idea that building character, as much as intelligence, is what education is all about (as presented in “Republic”) a
socratic dialogue written by Plato around 380BC, concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state and just man
 The Eastern influence
 “The Ethics of Confucius: What Constitute a Superior Man? (philosophers must have understood as aconsequences of
personal development)
 In Religion
 Religions ,ay have influenced personal development through their adherence to many rituals in self-discipline, prayers,
meditatiob, et.,al

KNOWING ONESELF
WHAT IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE “SELF”
Have youe ever asked yourself this question: WHO AM I?
ADOLESCENCE is the time when young people start to ask questions about themselves, about their future, and even about
their religious and political beliefs.
ADOLESCENT stage of development is period wherein young people seek his or her own identity.
The first step in personal development is “KNOW ONESELF”
KNOWING YOURSELF
Knowing Yourself means understanding your strengths and weaknesses, your passions and fears, your desires and dreams.
It means being aware of your eccentricities and idiosyncrasies, your likes and dislikes and your tolerances and limitations.
Knowing yourself means knowing your purpose in life.
The SELF is defined in many ways…
In philosophical terms…
- It is the being, which is the source of a person’s consciousness.
- It is the agent responsible for an individual’s thoughts and actions
- Is an intangible entity that directs a person’s thoughts and actions
In psychology, sociology or religion…
- The essence of the person:his thoughts, feelings, and actions, experiences, beliefs, values, principles and
relationship
- It includes a person’s life purpose, meaning and aspirations
PERSONALITY DEFINITION:
- “A pattern of habits, attitudes and traits that determine an individual’s characteristics, behavior and traits.”
Personality is influenced by both nature (heredity or genetic make-up) and nuture (environment). There is no
single gene that creates a trait. It is always a complex combinations of genes, environmental exposure and
experiences and cultural backgrounds.
TRAIT THEORY:
-is an approach in identifying types of personalities based on certain traits or attributes which vary from one person to the
other:
“Of the Big Five dimensions or tendensies of personality, which one are you most inclined to have? Cite real life examples.”

________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

 What do you know about adolescence?

 What behavior usually characterizes the adolescent stage of development?

Adolescence
- “A period between childhood and adulthood.” -Oxford’s Dictionary
- “Adolescence is that period of life of an individual when society no longer views him as a child but does not as yet
concede him either the roles or the functions inherent in the status of an adult.” -Holinshead
-
DEVELOPMENT STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
- from Latin adolescere, meaning “to grow up”
- is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the priod from puberty to
legal adulthood (age of majority).
- Adolescence is usually associated with teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin
earlier and later.
For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females. Physical growth (particularly in
male) and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties. Thus, age provides only a rough marker of
adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.

The ages during adolescence may be bracketed as follows: (Corpus et al. 2000)
Early Adolescence – ages around 10-13
Middle Adolescence – ages from 14-16
Late Adolescence – ages from 17-20
However, American psychologist differ slightly with their age definitions of adolescence
Feist and Rosenberg pegged early adolescence at age 11 or 12 and late adolescence at about age 18. In America a child is
usually out of the house by age 18 because this is the age on how they define young adulthood.

 What is Identity?
 What is Role Confusion?
IDENTITY
- The concept of an individual about himself and is often referred as “self-identity”. Roles often form part of this self-
identity.
- Is also influenced by how others perceive an individual.

ROLE CONFUSION
 Is the negation of self-identity. In the sense that there is confusion over one’s self-concept.
 It affects an individual relationship with others because there is no clear definition of what he is and how he relates
to others.
CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE
 Physiological transitioning is very pronounced at this stage.
 Puberty kicks in and is fueled by hormonal changes towards sexual maturation
 Continous brain development
 Cognitive growth- able to comprehend abstract concepts like freedom and human rights
 Beliefs about religion, morality and politics are also starting to evolve
 A stage where young women and men begin to ask question about the status quo, about things happened
 Becoming very self-conscious and egocentric
 They want to be treated as adults
 Different clothing and fashion styles
 Socializing among male and female adolescents
 Sexual experimentation also happens in this stage

Toward the new millenium, the new adolescent born from 1980 to the early 2000, became known as the “millennials”.
They were born in the midst of a great technology boom, they were also referred to as “digital natives”
The social lives if the millenials are driven by technology and their social interactions are dictated by their use of social
network and other gadgets.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ten Tasks of Adolescence should develop in America as a result of Study conducted by the Work Life Center

In order to help parents influence healthy adolescent growth, the Raising Teens Project identified 10 critical developmental
tasks that teenagers need to undertake to make a successful transition to adulthood:

1. Adjust to sexually maturing bodies and feelings »

2. Develop and apply abstract thinking skills »
3. Develop and apply new perspective on human relationships »
4. Develop and apply new coping skills in areas such as decision making,
problem solving, and conflict resolution »
5. Identify meaningful moral standards, values, and belief systems »
6. Understand and express more complex emotional experiences »
7. Form friendships that are mutually close and supportive »
8. Establish key aspects of identity »
9. Meet the demands of increasingly mature roles and responsibilities »
10. Renegotiate relationships with adults in parenting roles »

FILIPINO ADOLESCENT NEEDS TO LEARN THE FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS:

1. Develop occupational skills – skills that can help the adolescent develop responsibility
2. Self Reliance – the ability to identify their own skills and knowledge, capabilities and resources and not to rely too
much on others.
3. Ability to manage their finances – be able to discern what is the difference between wants and needs and be able
to learn self-control when handling their finances.
4. Social responsibility – adolescents should be able to see beyond themselves, take into consideration the greater
community around them.
5. Mature work organization – develop pride in what they do and raise standards of excellence in the quality of their
work.
6. Personal responsibility – to be fully aware of their decisions and actions by owning them.
7. Positive attitude towards work – we see work as our expression of our love for people.

ADDITIONAL LIST OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS ANS SKILLS A FILIPINO ADOLESCENT SHOULD ACQUIRE:
1. Being courageous in standing up and being different from your friends
2. Developing self-esteem
3. Being true to yourself and avoiding the dendency to please other
4. Learning how media and advertising are trying to influence your thinking and feelings
5. Becoming aware, critical and being involved with social issues
6. Embracing a healthy lifestyle
7. Developing your spirituality
Who is Erik Erikson?
Erik Homburger Erikson (born Erik Salomonsen; 15 June
1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-American
developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known
for his theory on psychological development of human
beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase
identity crisis.

ERIK ERIKSON EIGHT (8) STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Stage Influential Conflict or Possible Results from Resolving Conflict or Crisis

Figure Crisis to be
Resolved

Favorable Results Unfavorable Results

Infancy Parents Trust vs. -Being able to trust others when -Mistrusting others, withdrawal or
(from birth to 18 Mistrust primary caregiver (usually the estrangement
months) mother) provide caring, attention,
and love.
Early Childhood Parents Autonomy -Develops self-control and physical -Compulsive self-restraint or compliance
(18 months to 3 vs. Shame skills, and sense of independence -Willfulness and defiance
years) and Doubt without losing self-esteem -Failure will result in feelings of shame
-Ability to cooperate and to and doubt
express oneself
-Develops feeling of autonomy
Late Childhood Parents Initiative vs. -Learns that being assertive, using -When using to mush power and control,
(Pre-School) and Guilt power, and being, prupsoeful can might experience disapproval, resulting in
(3-5 years) Teachers influence their environment lack of self-confidence and sense of guilt
-Develops sense of purpose -Pessimism, fear of being wrongly judged
-Starts to evaluate one’s behavior
School Age Parents Industry vs. -Learns how to cope with the -Loss of hope, sense of being mediocre
(6-12 years) and Inferiority school environment and its -Develops feelings of inferiority
Teachers demands -Withdrawal from school and peers
-Learns how to create, develop,
and manipulate
Develops a sense of competence
and perseverance
Adolescence Teachers Identity vs. -Develops a sense of self and -Feeling of confusion, indecisiveness, and
(12-20) and Role identity anti-social behavior
Significant Confusion -Plans to actualize one’s abilities -Weak sense of self
others -Develops the ability to stay true
to oneself
Young Adulthood Friends Intimacy vs. -Develops to a strong need to form -Impersonal, weak relationships
(20-25 years) Isolation intimate, loving relationships with -Avoidance of relationship, career, or
a group of people or with another lifestyle commitments
person -May result in isolation and loneliness
-Develops strong relationships
-Learns commitment to work and
with another person or group
Adulthood Community Generativity -Creates or nurtures things that -Self-indulgance, self-concern, of lack of
(25-65 years) vs. will outlast them, either by having interests and commitments
Stagnation children or creating a positive -Shallow involvement in thw world,
change that benefits others pessimism
-Creativity, productivity, feeling of
usefulness and accomplishment
and concern for others
Maturity Community Integrity vs. -Sense of fulfillment as one looks -Sense of loss, contempt for others
(65 years to death) Despair back on one’s life and develops -May result in regret, bitterness and
feeling of wisdom despair
-Acceptance of worth and
uniqueness of one’s own life
-Acceptance of the inevitability of
death and transitioning
DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON

What is Holistic Development?

 Holistic development is a process of self-actualization and learning that combines an individual’s mental, physical,
social, emotional and spiritual growth. The term can be used to describe forms of alternative education that are
based on the more humanistic and democratic outlooks.

MIND AND BODY DUALISM

RENE DESCARTES, one of the model philosophers of our time, influenced much mankind’s thinking with his theory of
dualism or understanding the nature of things in simple, dual mode. Hence, you are familiar with the separation of body
and spirit western religion, and of the mind and body the study of human sciences.

Example:

The YIN YANG shows a balance between two opposites with a portion of the opposite element in each
section. In Taoist metaphysics, distintions between good and bad, along with other dichotomous moral
judgement, are peceptual, not real; so, the duality of yin and yang

Lizzie Velasquez was born in Austin, Texas with neonatal progeroid syndrome, a rare genetic disease that affects her heart,
eyes and bones, and prevents her from gaining weight…When she was 17, Velasquez faced an onslaught of cyber-bullying,
as strangers on YouTube labeled her the “Ugliest Woman in the World”

Holism and Gestalt

 Gen. Jan C. Smuts (1926)
-wrote Holism and Evolution, Introduced the academic terminology for holism as “the tendency in nature to form
wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution.”
 Christian von Ehrehfels –introduced the concept of gestalt
 Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition: “something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or
different from the combination of its parts; broadly, the general quality or character of something.”

THE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONS

 Physiological – physical attribute
 Cognitive –intellectual function
 Psychological –thinking, feeling
 Social –manner of interaction
 Spiritual –attribute of a person’s consciousness, beliefs, and values

Feeling and Emotions

 EMOTION –from Latin verb, movare, which means to move or be upset or agitated
 6 Basic Emotions that Human beings Experience (according to Paul Ekman):
 HAPPINESS, SADNESS, SURPRISE, FEAR, ANGER, DISGUST

According to the research conducted by Institute of Neuroscience and psychology at the University of Glasgow, they
concluded that there are only 4 basic emotions which are HAPPY, SAD, AFRAID AND SURPRISED.

 Dr. Antonio R. Damasio

(2005) Feelings arise from the brain as it interprets an emotion, which is usually caused by physical sensations
experienced by the body as a reaction to certain external stimulus.
 Example: Emotion of being afraid produces of a feeling of fear

ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR

 ATTITUDES –represents how a person thinks or feels about someone or something.

 BEHAVIOR - represents an individual’s reaction to a particular action, person or environment.
 It has been said that ‘a person’s attitude affects thoughts while his/her behavior affects actions.’

VALUES

 A system of beliefs that adheres hoghest ideals of human existence

 Creative meaning and purpose in life
 Universal human values that culture and race
Five Core Values for the Workplace by Robert L. Dilenschneider
1. Integrity
2. Accountability
3. Diligence
4. Perseverance
5. Discipline

10 Common Values People Have by Shalom H. Schwartz

1. Self-direction 6. Security
2. Stimulation 7. Conformity
3. Hedonism 8. Tradition
4. Achievement 9. Benevolence
5. Power 10. Universalism
The motivational goals that characterize the 10 values he identified were:
 Openness to change
 Self-transcendence
 Self-enhancement
 Conservation
Virtues vs. Values
 Virtues –usually adjectives that describe positive and desirable qualities which usually mirror a value it represents
 Values –usually nouns
EXAMPLES:
Values Virtues
Peace Peaceful, calm
Integrity Reputable, believable, honest, trustworthy
Love Loving, caring, compassionate, gentle
Respect Respectful, civil
Balance Objective, fair, harmonious