LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Textbook: Elementary Differential Equation

by Rainville & Bedient
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Differential Equations are equations involving
derivatives. These are equations that relate a
function with one or more of its derivatives. This
means their solution is a function.

Differential Equations could either be:

1. ODE – Ordinary Differential Equation
2. PDE – Partial Differential Equation
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Note:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Examples of Differential Equations:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Examples of Differential Equations:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER & DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Order of the Differential Equation – is the largest
derivative present in the differential equation;
free from square roots and free from the inside
function of a transcendental function.

Degree of the Differential Equation – is the

degree of the order of the differential equation.
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER & DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER & DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER & DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
More Examples: State if the following DE is ODE or
PDE. State also its order and degree.
2

2
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER & DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

2
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER & DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
VERIFYING SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example 1:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
VERIFYING SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example 1:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
VERIFYING SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example 2:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
VERIFYING SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Example 2:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
ARBITRARY CONSTANT
- a symbol to which various values may be assigned but
which remains unaffected by the changes in the values
of the variables of the equation.
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
In this section, we start with a relation involving arbitrary constants
and, by elimination of those arbitrary constants, come to a
differential equation consistent with the original relation.

We shall in each case determine the differential equation that is:

(a) Of order equal to the number of arbitrary constants in the given
relation.
(b) Consistent with that relation.
(c) Free from arbitrary constants.
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
Example:

2
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
Example:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
Example:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
Example:
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANTS
Example: