Senior High

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 2:

Steps and Importance of

Quantitative Research

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Practical Research 2 – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Steps and Importance of Quantitative Research
Second Edition, 2021

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 12

Practical
Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 2

Steps and Importance of

Quantitative Research

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 2 on

Steps and Importance of Quantitative Research.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Practical Research 2 Module 2 on Importance of Quantitative Research

Across Fields.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide to
skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
Learned What I Can help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Do Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
Additional Activities competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

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 Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 FIRST QUARTER
Module 2- Week 2
Steps and Importance of Quantitative Research
Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of the
importance of quantitative research across fields.

Performance Standard : The learners should be able to decide on suitable

quantitative research in different areas of
interest.

Competency/Code : 1. Illustrate the importance of quantitative

research across fields; and
2. Show mastery on the steps in doing
quantitative research.

CS_RS12-la-c-2

Learning Outcomes : 1. Give and explain the value of research; and

2. Apply the quantitative method in their
research.

What I Know
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the first step in doing quantitative research?
A. Develop a research question/s
B. Decide on a focus of study based primarily on your interests
C. Interpret the data
D. Share the results with others
2. What does quantitative research measures?
A. Feelings and opinions C. Numbers and feelings
B. Emotions and feelings D. Numbers and figures

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3. What does quantitative research works of?
A. You ask the right questions and analyze the data you get in the right way
B. You talk to the right number of people
C. You talk to the right type of people
D. All of the above

4. What are research hypotheses?

A. Formulated prior to a review of the literature
B. Statements of predicted relationships between variables
C. B but not A
D. Both A and B

5. When was rhetoric research methodology developed?

A. Ancient Period C. Classical Period
B. Baroque Period D. Romantic Period

6. What are generally the two types of research?

A. Basic and Applied C. Quantitative and Qualitative
B. Inquiry and Investigation D. Theory and Hypothesis
7. What type of research that is subjective or measured by the quality of
something (size, appearance, value, etc.) rather than its quantity?
A. Longitudinal Research C. Mixed Research
B. Qualitative Research D. Quantitative Research

8. Research is the process of gathering data to solve a particular problem. By

this definition, what phrase that is closely synonymous with research?
A. Collecting data C. Scavenging information
B. Refuting theories D. Solving conflicts

9. Why should research be conducted?

A. To contribute to the font of knowledge
B. To make the researcher credible
C. To make the researcher expert
D. All of the above

10. When does the existence of a problem worthy to be investigated?

A. When a fact exist and you intend to make your study explain it
B. When there are contradictory results
C. When there is an absence of information resulting in a gap of knowledge

D. All of the above

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11. Interpret the data to determine if patterns are significant enough to make
broad claims about how humans communicate? What does this statement
mean?
A. Data are a product of observation, interview, and fielded
questionnaires
B. Data are mathematically computed
C. Data must be seriously pursued
D. Data must be treated fairly

12. What will the researcher do with quantitative data?

A. The researcher accumulates because of their quantity
B. The researcher consider it numerical in nature and measurability
C. The researcher values its quantity
D. All of the above

13. When will you know that quantitative research only works?
A. When you ask the right questions and analyze the data you get in the
right way
B. When you talk to the right number of people
C. When you talk to the right type of people
D. All of the above

14. Which of the following does not apply to qualitative research?

A. Data are often words and pictures
B. Ends with statistical report
C. Involves direct and personal contact with participants
D. uses the inductive scientific method

15. Why is research important in daily life?

A. Research assesses individuals’ plan of actions as basis for accurate
inventions and decisions in life
B. Research has the potential for providing quality life
C. Research helps professionals deliver quality education services
D. All of the above
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 Steps in Doing Quantitative Research
Lesson 1

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Follow the steps in using quantitative research;
2. Review the basic parts of a research; and
3. Draw distinctions between qualitative questions from quantitative
question.

What’s In
Instructions: Recall your past knowledge in Practical Research 1. Fill in the
blank with the parts of a research project.

1.
Chapter 1- The Problem

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Statement of
Assumptions
Hypothesis
Scope and
of Terms
Importance of the Study
Chapter 2- Review of
Chapter 3-
Research Designs
Population of the Study
Sampling
Data Gathering Instrument and
Data Analysis and Statistical Tools
Chapter 4- Presentation, Interpretation
Chapter 5- Summary, Findings,
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Appendices
Bibliography
Curriculum Vitae
 What’s New
Instructions: Explain why you agree or disagree with the following statements:
Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

1. Research is controlled while ordinary problem solving may be done briefly.

2. Critical analysis of the research project should be done only by a panel of judges.

3. Research involves original work instead of a mere exercise of personal opinion.

What Is It
Steps in Doing Quantitative Research

Rhetorical research methods have been being developed since the Classical
Period. As the transition was made to seeing communication from a social scientific
perspective, scholars began studying communication using the methods
established from the physical sciences. Thus, quantitative methods represent the
steps of using the Scientific Method of research.
1. Decide on a focus of study based primarily on your interests. What do you
want to discover or answer?
2. Develop a research question(s) to keep your research focused.
3. Develop a hypothesis(es). A hypothesis states how a researcher who believes
the subjects under study will or will not communicate based on certain
variables. For example, you may have a research question that asks, “Does
the gender of a student have an impact on the number of times a college
professor calls on his/her students?” From this, you might form two
hypotheses: “Instructors call on female students less often then male
students.” and “Instructors call on students of their own sex.”
4. Collect data in order to test hypotheses. In our example, you might observe
various college classrooms in order to count which students’ professors call
on more frequently.
5. Analyze the data by processing the numbers using statistical programs like
SPSS that allow quantitative researchers to detect patterns in communication
phenomena. Analyzing data in our example would help us determine if there
are any significant differences in the ways in which college professors’ call on
various students.
6. Interpret the data to determine if patterns are significant enough to make
broad claims about how humans communicate? Simply because professors
call on certain students a few more times than other students may or may not
indicate communicative patterns of significance.
7. Share the results with others. Through the sharing of research we continue to
learn more about the patterns and rules that guide the ways we
communicate.

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 How Quantitative Questions and Qualitative Questions Affect
Your Survey Data

There are two main categories of question types: quantitative and qualitative.
Each has its own strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the data they yield,
and which one will depend on what kind of data you are hoping to collect.

 Quantitative: relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of

something rather than its quality.

 Qualitative: relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something

(size, appearance, value, etc.) rather than its quantity.

Basically, quantitative data will tell you what your respondents are doing,
while qualitative data offers deeper insight into why. Quantitative questions will
result in data that is easy to convert into objective, numbers-based analysis.
Quantitative data is easier to measure using statistical analysis, because you can
(usually) assign numeric values and directly compare different answers to the same
questions.

Examples of quantitative questions include:

How many times per month do you purchase coffee from a café or coffee shop? How often
do you drink coffee at home?
Do you prefer to prepare coffee at home or purchase from a café or coffee shop? If
applicable, which café or coffee shop do you go to most often?

While the word “quantity” has the connotation of being just about numbers, that is not
always the case. In the above examples, the first two questions would be answered with a
numerical value. The second two questions, however, would require a written response. All
of the above are quantitative. This is because the answers are objective, telling the basic
story of the respondent’s coffee consumption and preferences. These data points are
objective.

What’s More
Enrichment Activity #1

Instructions: Analyze the following research titles. State your reason why you will
use or will not use quantitative type of research.

No. Research Title Reason

1 A Geography of Connections: Networks of

Humans and Materials in Mathematics
Classrooms using Handled Technology
2 A Sketchbook of Memories
3 A Narrative-Developmental Approach to
Early Emotions

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4 The Effectiveness of Unified
Approach in Practical Research 1
Instruction through
Contextualization
5 Anti- Lipidemic Activity of Garcinia
mangosteen Linn Pericarp

Enrichment Activity #2

Instructions: Based from the decisions that you have made from Enrichment
Activity #1, when do you use quantitative research? Write your answer on a sheet
of paper.

What I Have Learned

Instructions: Explain briefly what you have learned so far from this lesson.
Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

1. What makes a good quantitative research?

2. What is the research process?

3. What are the steps in doing quantitative research?

What I Can Do
Instructions: Show the distinctions between qualitative questions from
quantitative questions based from the current situation in our society (pandemic &
inflation). Write your answer on a sheet of paper. An example is given for your
guidance.

Qualitative Question
Quantitative Question
Quantitative Research Across Fields
Lesson 2

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 What I Need To Know
After going through this lesson, the learners are expected to:

Explain the importance of research in daily life;

Appreciate the values of quantitative research to man; and
Share research experiences and knowledge.

What’s In
Instructions: Think of the correct expression to complete each sentence.
Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

1. Numerical data are true for the approach.

2. Quantitative is to scientific approach; to naturalistic approach.
3. is to hard sciences; subjectivity is to soft sciences.
4. A researcher in humanities studies his subject with the use of his .
5. For naturalistic approach; is the unit of analysis.

What’s New
Stirring up your imagination

Instructions: What course would you like to take; a businessman, an engineer, a

nurse, a lawyer, a doctor, a teacher, or other professions? How do you think
research is done in these areas of discipline? How similar are your guesses to what
the following reading material presents about research?

What Is It
IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
A. Quantitative Research and Anthropology. Many discoveries in this
field like human behavior in society, racial conflicts and human evolution
have given enormous contributions to the improvement of human life.

B. Quantitative Research and Communication. Researchers are often

interested in how an understanding of a particular communication
phenomenon might be generalized to a larger population. Example: What
communicative behaviors are used to respond to co-workers displaying
emotional stress?

C. Quantitative Research and Medicine. This tends to be predominantly

observational research based on surveys or correlational studies.

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 Experimental research designs may enhance the quality of medical
education.

D. Quantitative Research and Behavioral Science. The output of this

research focuses on how human behavior relates with another people
and also the individual differences that may affect human relations.

E. Quantitative Research in Educational and Psychology. Many

educational principles in understanding human behavior are the offshoot
of this research.
F. Quantitative Research and Social Science. The method employed in
this type of quantitative social research is mostly typically the survey and
the experiment.

Example: the study of DSWD regarding 4P’s

Values of Research to Man

Research is of great value to man. Through research, the quality of man’s life
has improved from conventional to modern; hence, life becomes not only
meaningful but enriching as well. Therefore, man must be industrious to achieve
his dreams (Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007). The spirit of enthusiasm in the pursuit of
innovation and development can only be made effective through research or
evidenced-based decisions. Practically, everything that is now enjoyed by man
emanated from simple theories and concepts that were gradually developed
through research (Moral, 2019). The values of research to men are as follows:

Research improves quality of life. Research has led man to search for ways to
improve his life. It has led him to focus on improving processes and means, which
he must love and find interesting.

Research improves instruction. Research has no beginning and no end.

Educators, policy makers, and educational researchers continue to conduct
research to improve instruction. Studies on different methods, strategies and
approaches in teaching various subject areas, grade and year levels have been
conducted to determine which method, strategy, or approach is best and most
effective in teaching.

Research improves student’s achievement. The students’ achievement could

be improved I the modern teacher keeps himself updated on issues and trends
about the modern methods and strategies in teaching by reading related researches
or conducting his own research.

Research improves teacher’s competence. A biblical passage goes, “Many are

called but only few are chosen.” In other words, many are called as teachers, but
only few are chosen as competent teachers.

Research satisfies mans’ needs. In the 19th century, the needs of man were
not as fully met as they are today. Man suffered from the conventional ways of
living.

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 Research reduces the burden of work. Modern devices and equipment such
as cellular phones, web cameras, computers, copier machines, fax machines,
cooking equipment, gadgets and many others are some of the products of research
that reduce man’s burden of work.

Research has deep-seated psychological aspects. Research stimulates and

ennobles the human spirit. It challenges man to get rid of the danger of stagnation.
It is an open door to a better tomorrow and it guides him in his efforts to obtain
good results which contribute to his satisfaction and self-fulfillment.

Research improves the exportation of good products. Through research, the

exportation of food products has improved.

Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity measure of the

country. The Philippines is in the period of economic crisis. Prices of commodities
keep on increasing and peso devaluation continues. If all Filipinos are research
oriented, these problems may be solved.

Research trains graduates to become responsive to the economic

development of the country and compete globally. Curricular offerings in the
Philippines must focus on experimental research and entrepreneurship.

What’s More
Enrichment Activity #1
Instructions: Write a short essay on the following questions: Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Why do man’s major problems demand research?

2.Explain briefly the importance of research across fields.

Enrichment Activity #2
Instructions: Briefly discuss the following questions through opinion poll.

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 What I Have Learned
Instructions: Check in the right column the topic that corresponds the level of your
understanding in this lesson. State your reason/s below the table or on a sheet of paper.

Topics Poor Good Better Best

Importance of Research across
fields

Values of Research to Man

What I Can Do
Instructions: Make a self-reflection by answering the following questions?

In what way do you think quantitative research will be beneficial to you?

What do you think is the importance of quantitative research in the following fields:

Economics

1.1 Sports

1.2 Arts

1.3 Geography

1.4 Engineering

Assessment

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate sheet
of paper.
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1. Which of the following purposes is most aligned with quantitative approach?
A. Comparing test results across groups to understand the effects of a
instructional approach
B. Developing a theory grounded in the beliefs of the group being studied
C. Understanding historical perspectives for an educational topic
D. Understanding the shared beliefs and practices of teachers in a school

2. What is the last step in using the scientific method of quantitative research?
A. Collect data in order to test hypotheses
B. Develop a research question/s
C. Interpret the data
D. share the results with others

3. Which of the following best characterizes the difference between quantitative and
qualitative studies?
A. Quantitative problems are researchable while qualitative ones are not
B. Quantitative problems are stated as questions while qualitative problems are
stated as hypotheses
C. Quantitative researchers’ structure and control the context while qualitative
researchers do not interfere with the natural context
D. Quantitative studies involve many variables qualitative studies involve only one
or two variables

4. What is the importance of measurement in quantitative research?

A. It allows for exact estimates of the degree of relationship between concepts
B. It allows us to describe fine differences between people or cases
C. It provides a consistent device or yardstick
D. All the above

5. How might qualitative research facilitate quantitative research?

A. By helping with the design of survey questions
B. By informing the schedule of a structured interview
C. By providing hypotheses that can later be tested
D. All of the above

6. How might quantitative research facilitate qualitative research?

A. By combining laboratory experiments with structured observation
B. By identifying specific groups of people to be interviewed
C. By imposing a rigorous positivist framework on it
D. By showing the frequency of different responses to a survey item

7. Which of the following is a good research question?

A. Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching
behaviors?
B. Students with higher levels of self-efficacy will demonstrate more active job
searching behaviors
C. To identify the relationship between self-efficacy and student job searching
behaviors
D. To produce a report on student job searching behaviors

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 8. Why is research important in daily life?
A. Research develops our attitudes not to believe automatically without further
investigation of the real situation
B. Research empowers us with knowledge and efficient learning of new things
C. Research sharpens our mind to give sensible vision to look
D. All of the above

9. What initiates the process of research?

A. Hypothesis C. Problem
B. Literature D. Significance of the Study

10. What is the general inclusion of quantitative data?

A. Any sort of data that can be summarized with numbers
B. Only written material that respondents provide in response to open-ended items
C. Survey and questionnaire data
D. Text, pictures, videos, sound recordings

11. Which is not a part of “Chapter 3- Research Methodology”?

A. Data Gathering Instrument C. Population of the Study
B. Data Analysis D. Statement of the Problem

12. Which of the following illustrates a quantitative study?

A. Academic performance of senior high school students
B. Attributes to malnutrition in children
C. Public opinion to the different vaccines against COVID-19
D. All of the above

13. What makes quantitative research different from a qualitative one?

A. Its deductive method data analysis
B. Its use of statistics in the treatment of data
C. The establishment of facts and make predictions
D. All of the above

14. How would you define the research proc’ess?

A. A method of collecting research data
B. The account of a study the researcher will write at the end of the study ready for
publication
C. The researcher’s plan of action to be followed when carrying out research
D. The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a research project

15. Which of the following represent steps in the research process?

A. Select a general problem and review the literature on that problem

B. Collect data and analyze it appropriately
C. Interpret the findings and state conclusions drawn from them
D. All of the above

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 Additional Activity
Instructions: Specify some importance of quantitative research to the different
fields of study. Mention at least two fields of study as examples. Write your
answer on a sheet of paper.

Answer Key

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References
Books
Aquino, G.V. (1992). Fundamentals of Research. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.

Avilla, R.A. (2016). DIWA Senior High School Series: Practical Research 1. Makati
City: DIWA Learning Systems Inc.

Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 2 (First Edition). Quezon City: Rex
Bookstore.

Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 1 (First Edition). Quezon City: Rex
Bookstore

Calmorin,L.P. &Calmorin, M.A. (2007). Research Methods and

Thesis Writing(Second Edition). Manila: Rex Book Store.

Chico, A.M. &Matira, M.D. (2016). Practical Research for the 21st Century Learners (Quantitative
Research), Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc.

Cristobal,A.P. & Cristobal, M.C. (2017). Practical Research forSenior High School 2. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

Moral, R.V. (2019). Moral’s Theory on Creative Pedagogy in Research. PhD diss.,
CNU Cebu City.

Vizcarra, F.O. (2003). Introduction to Educational Research. Quezon City: Great Books
Trading.

Internet Sources
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-
introductiontocommunication/chapter/quantitative- methods/

https://www.surveygizmo.com/resources/blog/quantitative-questions-vs-
qualitative-questions- in-surveys/

https://www.slideshare.net/mjlobetos/lesson -2-importance-of-quant-r-118752468

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