Module 3 Cracks in the Revolution Learning Activity 2 February 28, 202

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Primary Sources Secondary Source
Categories Memoir of a General Santiago Alvares aka “Ang Hari ng Bayan
Gen. Apoy Declaration,” March 23, 1897
by Jim Richardson
Author’s Born on July 25, 1872, Santiago Alvarez Richardson has worked for the
Background was a revolutionary general and a Denver Post and was
founder and honorary president of the published in Time, Life, Sports
first directorate of Nationalista Party. Also Illustrated, and New York
known as "Kidlat ng Apoy" because of his Times. His first National
inflamed bravery and dedication as Geographic story appeared in
commander of Cavities famous battle. 1984.
Objective of It narrates the personal experience and To show the difference
  observation during the Philippine Revolution between the two factions of
the Author
the katipunan
Date written July 24, 1927 to March 23, 1897
  April 15, 1928
or published
Mention of Dates March 25, 1897 > assembly at Tejeros The Acta de Tejeros was a
Convened document prepared on March
23, 1897 which proclaimed the
March 27, 1897 > the night after the events at the Tejeros
rumored meeting of Magdalo leaders, Convention on March 22 to
eye witness revealed that a meeting was have been "disorderly and
indeed, had taken place at parish house in tarnished by chicanery
Tanza.
Mention of Tejeros Tejeros
places Parish house in Tanza Parish house in Tanza
Key personalities Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras (he was Emilio Aguinaldo as
assigned to the invitations of the President; Mariano Trias as
meeting) Vice-President; Artemio
Ricarte as Captain
Magdiwang leaders: General; Emiliano Riego de
Supreme Andres Bonifacio (Father of the Dios as Director of War; and
Katipunan and the revolution), Messrs. Andres Bonifacio as
Mariano Alvarez, Pascual Alvarez, Ariston Director of the Interior.
Villanueva, Mariano Trias (elected vice
president), Diego Mojica (Magdiwang
secretary), Emiliano de Dios (elected
secretary of war), Santiago Alvarez,
Artemio Ricarte (appointed as secretary),
Santos Nocon, Luciano San Miguel, Pablo
Mojica, Severano de las Alas, Santiago
Rilio, General Apoy

Magdalo Leaders:
Messrs. Baldomero Aguinaldo (called
another meeting at the same frior state
the house), Daniel Tirona (helped to
distribute the ballot and give objection
when Bonifacio won), Cayetano Topacio,
and Emilio Aguinaldo (the elected
President)
Sequencing * The Magdiwang and Magdalo council - The Magdiwang,
of events were seated for the assembly at Tejeros Andres Bonifacio and
on March 25, 1897 the Katipunan Supreme
* Secretary of War, Ariston Villanueva Council Andres
received a confidential information that Bonifacio was invited to
Daniel Tirona was set to undermine the Cavite by the
assembly. Magdiwang president,
* Chairman Lumbreras opened the
meeting and reminded to obey and - The Imus assembly
respect the results of the convention
* Mr. Severino de las Alas countered that - The Tejeros convention:
the letter K and the sun on the flag did (i) the agenda
not indicate whether the government
was democratic or not and Mr. - The Tejeros convention:
Montenegro spoke in defense of him. (ii) the delegates
* General Apoy was hurt by those words
so, he ordered to arrest Mr. Montenegro - The Tejeros convention:
but Dr. Jose Rizal's sister pleaded not to. (iii) the balance of
*Mr. Lumbreras refused to resume his opinion
role of chairman and yield the chair to
 Supremo who reminded everyone to - The Tejeros convention:
respect all decisions properly discussed (iv) the elections
and approved in the meeting.
* He also said that whoever gets the most
votes should be the winner regardless of
his station in life or educational
attainment
* Emilio Aguinaldo won and Mr. Severino
suggested that Bonifacio should be
proclaimed as Vice President but nobody
signified approval or disapproval of the
proposal
* The election continued and Bonifacio
won as Director of Interior but Mr. Daniel
Tirona objected and offered to elect Mr.
Jose del Rosario.
* Greatly embarrassed, Supremo stood
and declare null and void all matters
approved in the meeting
* On the request of Baldomero
Aguinaldo, a meeting was set but none of
the Magdalo members came.
* Those elected at the Tejeros convention
except Bonifacio knelt before a crucifix and
in the name of Holy Father.
Differences This account gives me a detailed This is an interpretation of
between the two information on what happened during historian on what happen
accounts the election in the convention. The during the revolution it well
statement and the arguments of detail interpretation of the
personalities present in the assembly history of the Philippine
were stated and the way the accounts revolution.
were written was not biased to anyone
on both parties.
A probable The difference is the this is the personal Well detailed explanation of
reason why the experience of general Santiago Alvarez he every event
differences write this when he was 55.
Why the Tejeros Because of humiliation and anger, Bonifacio All the voters is from cavite
meeting failed declared that all matters convened in the
Tejeros Convention were null and void