Module 1: Primary vs. Secondary Sources on the Tejeros Convention
Comparative Analysis of Primary and Secondary Sources
Background Primary source: Santiago Secondary source:
Alvarez’ Memoir of a Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt General of the Masses Author’s Background Santiago Virata Álvarez was Teodoro Andal Agoncillo was a revolutionary general and a a prominent 20th-century founder and honorary Filipino historian. He and his president of the first contemporary Renato directorate of the Constantino were among the Nacionalista Party. first Filipino historians renowned for promoting a distinctly nationalist point of view of Filipino history. He was also an essayist and a poet. When was the account July 24, 1927 1929 written? Mentioned date(s) in the March 25, 1897 December 1896 text January 2, 1897 April 1897 March 22, 1897 Sept 28, 1947, Mentioned Place(s) in the Tejeros, Cavite Cavite,Batangas, Talisay, text Nasugbu, Tuwi, Look, Noveleta, San Francisco de malabon, Naik, Montalban, Mariquina, San Juan,Imus, Bakood, Kawit, Tejeros, Limbon. Sequence of events 1. Ariston Villanueva of 1. The Division of Magdiwang Faction Katipunan of Cavite receiving information into two factions: at Daniel Tirona of Magdiwang and Magdalo Faction Magdalo acceded in enjoining 2. Attempt of both any among the Factions to Wear the magdiwang leaders to Same Uniform ally with him (to 3. Dispute among tirona) Magdalo and 2. The assembly at Magdiwang Tejeros was finally 4. Magdiwang men convened. invite Andres 3. Chairman Jacinto Bonifacio to visit declared the Cavite assembly open as the 5. A delegate was sent leaders were seated to look for supremo in at the presidential the Mountains of table, as previously Montalban and described and all the Mariquina others were standing 6. Bonifacio refused to in groups on both heed the request of sides of those seated. the Magdiwang 4. Mr. Severino de las leaders Alas rose to speak 7. Third invitation written about the government by Artemio Ricarte they should have. upon the instruction of 5. Chairman Lumbreras Mariano Alvarez, replied that the Bonifacio acceded to Katipunan now hold the request. authority over the 8. Bonifacio left for islands. It has a cavite about middle of government of law December 1896 and a definite 9. Bonifacio was brought program. by the rebel leaders to 6. The chair next the house of Juan recognized the Casteñada Supremo. He 10. Supremo ordered to explained that the “K” arrest Fernandez in the middle of the 11. Esteban San Juan sun in the Katipunan invited Bonifacio to flag used in the attend the Revolution stood for demonstration of the “Kalayaan”. Magidwang rebels in 7. Mr. Severino replied Noveleta. countered the 12. Mutual suspicion and Supremo’s words. jealousies resulted in 8. Supremo replied for military reverses in his defense several sectors. 9. Mr. Antonio 13. Magdiwang and Montenegro spoke in Magdalo decided to defense of Mr. call a convention or Severino assembly at Imus 10. General Apoy was 14. The assembly opened hurt by his words and with Bonifacio as the he angrily stood up Chairman 11. When the order was 15. Proposal of restored, some Revolutionary wanted the Government convention adjourned 16. Suspicions and but the Supremo jealousies continued Bonifacio prevailed to plague the ranks of upon the others to the rebels and even continue. among the members 12. Mr. Lumreras’ speech of the same faction. was well received and 17. The Magdiwang his proposal was planned to hold unanimously another convention, accepted this time in the estate- 13. Because of that, the house of Tejeros chair proceeded to 18. Jacinto Lumbreras, prepare for an acting as president of election for some the Magdiwang took positions. the chair and opened 14. The Supremo spoke the convention. again before the 19. The discussion was election began. going nowhere and 15. Supremo appointed tempers ran high as Gen. Artemio Ricarte the men insisted on as Secretary their own points of 16. Mr. Daniel Tirona and view. Gen. Ricarte 20. Pandemonium distributed pieces of reigned as the voice paper to serve as of Santiago Alvarez ballots boomed inside the 17. Mr. Emilio Aguinaldo spacious sala. won over Mr. Andres 21. The Republic of the Bonifacio for Philippines was then president and there proclaimed 18. The election amidst enthusiastic continued and ended hurrahs. 19. Mr. Baldomero 22. Before the ballots Aguinaldo wanted the were cast for the elections to be Vice-Presidency, finished before it go Severino de las Alas too dark. stood up and 20. Tirona shouted for Mr. suggested that in as Jose del Rosario to much as Bonifacio be elected for the had received the position of Secretary second largest of Interior number of votes, he 21. Supremo quickly should automatically stood up and declined be allowed to occupy 22. Supremo pulled out the position. his revolver and took 23. The election of aim Bonifacio gave rise to 23. Mr. Tirona ignored an incident that nearly Supremo’s remarks ended a bloody affair. and disappeared from 24. The Seed of the crowd Discontent, resulting 24. The convention from his failure to get secretary tried to the presidency, and disarm the Supremo which was watered by 25. The people began to the unfortunate disperse attitude of Daniel 26. The supremo tirono, who, by adjourned the another sad meeting and left coincidence, quickly and was belonged to the followed by his aides opposite faction, and some others found fertile ground in present. Bonifacio’s heart and mind. Differences between the Memoir of a Filipino General Agoncillo wrote this with his two accounts was written by Alvarez who own researches and was in the scene of the said persepctive about the topic. history. Strength and weaknesses It is a first-hand evidence Agoncillo’s lack of scientific of the accounts written by the person rigor in using the Marxist lens (Alvarez) who was in the said of class struggle, but have scene. legit researches about the past. Author’s bias None, the scenes and Agoncillo's own Ideas accounts came from the katipuneros themselves