Readings in Philippine History

Module 1
Pre-assesment
I. Multiple choice
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
II. Essay
There are two kinds of sources in the study of history; the primary sources and
the secondary sources. In the primary sources, it is firsthand information that is
obtained by the person that is directly involved in the said event. Whether it is a
written journal, a memoir, or a personal document. These are original materials,
regardless of format. They also belong in the primary sources. Secondary sources, on
the other hand, are created by people who don’t have any direct involvement in the
event as they collect the information. It often used generalization, analysis and
interpretation of the primary sources. Some of the examples of secondary sources are
textbooks and encyclopedia entries. 

III. Task

Primary vs Secondary Sources (Tejeros Convention 1896)

Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez Secondary Source: Teodoro

“Memoirs of a General”
Author’s He was born in Imus, Cavite on
background july 25, 1872.
Known as the Kidlat ng Apoy,
as a result of his inflamed
As for courage and commitment,
commander in charge of the
battle of
Dalhican, Cavite.
He died at the age of 58 on July Philosophy from the University of
1.
On October 30, 1930, in San
Francisco
He was buried in Pablo City.
Municipality of San Pablo
cemetery.
Agoncillo’s “Revolt of the
Masses”
One of the country's most
prominent Filipinos
historians in the 20th century.
He was born in Lemery, Pa.
Batangas, November 9
In 1912,
Obtained a degree of
Bachelor of Philosophy in
The University of the
In the Philippines in 1934,
earned a master’s degree in the
arts.
He is known for promoting a di
One of the country's most
prominent Filipinos stinctly
nationalist point of view
view of Filipino history.
(nationalist historiography)

When was the It was written in the year 1927 It was written in 1947 and was
account written? and was publish in year 1992
Mention of Date March 25, 1897-The assembly at
(s) Tejeros convened.
March 27, 1897- In the morning
when eyewitnesses
The one who had spied on the
The proceeding revealed that
Indeed, a meeting had taken
place.
taking place at the parish of
Tanza
residence
Mention of San Francisco de Malabon,
Place Cavite – where the
assembly was convened
Parish house in Tanza –where
the rumored meeting between
Magdalo leaders take place
 
 
 
 
Key 1. Santiago Álvarez was one of
personalities/ the the attendees of the
Key personal ties convention belong to the
Magdiwang faction and was
Already the Captain General of
Cavite during that time.
However, he lost his
General Artemio Ricarte was
given the position.
after the election in Tejeros.
publish in year 2002
In the middle of December 1896-
Andres Bonifacio and his family
left the The mountains of
Montalban Visit the Katipunan
in Mariquina Cavite.
January 2, 1897: Bonifacio writes
a letter to Mariano Alvarez after
his encounter with the Magdalo in
Imus.
The middle of January 1897:
Gunshots interrupted the fiesta
in San Francisco which led to a
conflict. between Santiago
Alvarez and Mariano San Gabriel.
Emilio Aguinaldo was born on
March 22, 1897.
celebrated his birthday with a
battle.
In the middle of December
1896, Andres
with a battle with Spanish
soldiers in Salitran. At the same
time, the Tejeros convention was
convened.
Mountains of Montalban and
Mariquina – a delegate searches
for Supremo, who has been living
there
House of Juan Castaneda in Imus
– where Bonifacio was brought by
rebel leaders San Francisco de
Malabon – where the assembly is
held
Tanza or Santa Cruz de Malabon -
it was here, at the former summer
retreat of the friars, that the
first significant election held
under the new regime was held.
1. Teodoro Agoncillo is
connected to Filipino ambassador
Felipe Agoncillo, who was Emilio
Aguinaldo's family friend and
adviser. Both individuals
belonged to the Katipunan's
Magdalo group. Felipe may have
affected Emilio Aguinaldo's
decisions before, during, and
after the convention as an
 He was the son of General
Mariano.Pascual and lvarez
Álvarez, who were also members
of the Katipunan and were
present during
the convention.
2. Supremo Andres Bonifacio
Emilio Aguinaldo
Daniel Tirona- Break the
meeting rules and insulted the
elected
Jose del Rosario
Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo-
leader of Magdalo
Santiago V. Alvarez
(Magdiwang)
Maraino Alvare
adviser.Aguinaldo could read
Agoncillo's accounts in The
Revolt of the Masses before it
was
published.
2.Supremo Andres Bonifacio
Emilio Aguinaldo
Daniel Tirona- Break the
meeting rules and insulted the
elected
Jose del Rosario
Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo-
leader of Magdalo

Sequencing of On March 25, 1897, the Tejeros Cavite's Katipunan, divided into
Events assembly was finally summoned. two factions, the Magdiwang and
Mr. Andres Bonifacio, the the Magdalo, When Cavite, headed
Supremo, defeated Mr. Mariano by its opposing factions,
Alvarez for the position of successfully rose in revolt, the
Secretary of the Interior. leaders were engaged in conflicts
Andres Bonifacio and Daniel resulting from one group's
Tirono had a heated argument. ambition to lord it over the
Members of Magdalo did not other. The Magdiwang guys created
attend the reconciliation Andrés Bonifacio to visit Cavite.
gathering. The gathering was The initial encounter resulted in
held at the Tanza parish house. a misunderstanding between the
The decisions of the Supremo on Magdalo leader and Bonifacio. The
the election at the Friar Estate rebel commanders took Bonifacio
House were not followed. Those to Juan Castaneda's residence in
elected at the Tejeros Imus. Miscommunication developed
convention knelt before a between Magdiwang and Magdalo
crucifix during the meeting in followers. The Magdalo faction
the Tanza parish house. The vehemently opposed and demanded
Magdalo stationed men to protect an election. When the leaders of
the Tanza parish house during the Magdiwang decided to call
the oath-taking rituals. another conference, the situation
still hadn't improved. Antonio
Montenegro and Santiago Alvarez
had a heated argument. Andres
Bonifacio and Daniel Tirono
incident. Bonifacio wrote to his
uncle-in-law, Mariano Alvarez,
from San Francisco de Malabon.
Andres Bonifacio uncovered the
meeting's shady dealings.

Differences * The author concentrated on *Explores the events leading up

between 2 what occurred during the to the convention. Additional
accounts election and did not include dates were provided by the author
 anything that occurred after the that weren't accounted for
election was over. elsewhere

*Alvarez Memoir of a General is *Describes the Tejeros Convention

a straightforward account. in great detail. Because of his
attention to detail, it was easy
to believe his account of events.

IV. Independent task

Primary Vs Secondary Sources Effects of Covid 19 vaccines

Secondary Sources:Center
for Disease control and
Primary Sources : World prevention (CDC)

Health Organization (WHO) “ Possible

“ Side Effects of COVID-19 Side Effects After Getting

Vaccines” a COVID-19 Vaccine”

Authors BAckground CDC, Centers for Disease World Health organization

Control and Prevention
Author(s): Taubenberger,
Jeffery K. | Morens, David M.
When was the account Aug. 6, 2021 March 31 2021
written?
Mention of dates
Mention of Place
Key Personalities
Sequencing of events
Differences between 2 * The author's primary *The author highlights the
accounts concern is the well-being safety and importance of
of those receiving being vaccinated against
vaccines. They speculate COVID 19. After the
about the vaccinations' vaccine, they provide
long-term consequences on information about possible
themselves. Also, educate side effects. They claim
them on the usual side that the adverse effects
effects in the body, such are minimal to moderate.
as a sore spot after a There are also a few well-
vaccine. The vaccine's known negative effects to
potential medication to be aware of. In addition to
help people cope with the the usual side effects, the
negative effects They also vaccination has a long-term
suggest that patients effect on people and less
monitor their symptoms common side effects that
after receiving the are nevertheless relevant.
injection and notify their
 physician if they get
really ill. So that they
may properly remid it.
Primary sources : MAyo SecondarySource:
clinic staff “ pregnancy Asiaone,RieKuhori
and Covid 19: what are the “Pregnant woman who tested
risk” positive in Singapore”
Mayo Clinic Staff Rie Kuhori
Aug. 13, 2021 SEPTEMBER 17, 2021
* A pregnant lady and a * In her 37th week of pregnancy,
member of the clinic's Ms. Vanessa Rickard, 36, was
staff talk about the risks found to be positive for Covid 19.
of COVID 19. COVID-19 poses Her husband, son, and others in
a low danger to pregnant the neighborhood have Covid 19.
women, according to the She was admitted to the hospital
study. COVID-19, on the as a pregnant woman because of
other hand, puts pregnant
her condition. Contrary to normal
or recently pregnant women
practice, pregnant women in this
at greater risk of
developing a life- country give birth a week after
threatening disease. In the testing positive rather than at the
event of a life-threatening usual 40-week mark. She gave
disease, you may be birth to a healthy kid that tested
admitted to the hospital, negative for covid-19. She is
get intensive care, or be unable to be with her newborn
put on a ventilator to help for two and a half weeks after
you breathe. Pregnant women giving birth because of her. After
with the COVID-19 variant what happen to her she start
are more likely to give encouraging other pregnant
birth prematurely (before women to get vaccinated to have
the 37th week of pregnancy an anti body that can help protect
has begun) and may be at
their unborn child from COVID 19.
greater risk for
complications such as
miscarriage. Pregnant women
with Covid 19 are more
likely to give birth
prematurely or have a
cesarean surgery.

Post- Assessment

6. B
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. C

V. Essay

`In the study of history, there are two kinds of sources; primary and secondary
sources. The distinction between these two is as follows:They account for the person
who had direct participation in the event or is considered an eyewitness in primary
sources.For example, Santiago Alvarez was an active member of Katipunan. He witnessed
firsthand the Tejeros Convention that happened in the year (1897). He wrote "Memoirs of
the General (1927)" to inform everyone about what really happened and to explain his
perspective on the event.He was considered as a primary source because of his
involvement in the Philippine Revolution. On the other hand, Teodoro Agoncillo’s
"Revolt of the Masses (1947)" is considered as the secondary source. It is because a
secondary source is made by an individual that doesn’t have any direct participation
in the event. In short, they are basing their work and the information they put
together on the work of somebody else who witnessed the event. But even though these
two are different, they are still important in studying history.

Module 2

Pre - Assessment

1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. .
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B

II.

(4) Founding of Katipunan- 7 July 1892, Recto Avenue, Manila

(1) Discovery of the PHilippines- 1521 by Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan 1.

(2) Publication of editorial Cartoons- May 9, 1986

(5) Writing KArtilla- 1892

(2)Arrival of missionaries - March 1521 2.

(9) Pres Aquino Delivered Speech - September 18, 1986

(8) DEclaration of Independence from Spain- June 12, 1898

(9) Declaration of the indigenous customs- september 2007

(6) Tejeros convention- 22 March 1897

(7) Execution of Bonifacio- May 10, 1897

(1) Guide Question

“First Voyage Around the Round”- Antonio Pigafetta

1. Who is Antonio Pigafetta? - Antonio Pigafetta is a famous Italian scholar and explorer.He was
the son of a rich Vicenza household. He went on to study navigation, among other things. On August 15,
1519, he joined the Magallanes-Elcano voyage to the Mollucas, which lasted until August 15, 1522. He was
one of the few crew members who came home with the Victoria ship, the only vessel that successfully
reached its origin and completed the round of the world. "The First Voyage Around the World," a
handwritten narrative of the journey, was also in his possession.

2.What are the events that resulted to the writing of the “ First Voyage Around the World”? - The events
that resulted in the writing of the First Voyage around the World are the challenges and unforeseen
problems they encounter as they continue the expedition, such as a shortage of food, misunderstandings
among crew members, types of diseases, the hospital of people they meet, and the place where they land.
And also the unexpected death of Ferdinand Magellan in the battle between Lapu-lapu and his men. But
then the expedition happened successfully as the ship Victoria arrived at its origin.

3. What is the content all about? What important historical information found in the document “ First
Voyage around the World”? - In the first voyage, the fate of the five ships in the expedition was mentioned.
The obstacles and unforeseen problems they face as they go on with their journey. The discovery of the
western path to the Moluccas. A new territory was discovered along the journey, as well as new people.
The maps, a glossary for the native words, geographic information is also included in the content, and
descriptions of the flora and fauna of the places they visited. There were new maps and geography books
created as a result of this voyage.

4.What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ First Voyage Around the World” in
understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
-The contribution of the document to the understanding of the Philippine history. As part of the "First
Voyage Around the World," Pigafetta compiled a glossary of the Butuanon and Cebuano languages, many
of which are still frequently used by local speakers to this day, allowing us to better understand Philippine
history. There are more than 175 languages spoken in the Philippines after three centuries of Spanish
control and almost half a century of American authority. On March 15, 1521, they arrived in the
Philippines, and some of the tale came from Pigafetta's description of their adventures. How warm and
accommodating people were, even up to the present day. It includes the Battle of Mactan, where Magellan
meets his end at the hands of Lapu-lapu and his men. They also brought Catholicism to Archipelogo and
held the first mass on the shore on Easter Sunday. It was conducted by Father Pedro de Valderrama. The
events that were depicted in the account of Pigafetta help us to understand more about the history of the
Philippines even before. 

(2) Guide Questions

“Custom of the Tagalog” - Juan de Plasencia

1. Who is Juan de Plasencia?- He is originally from Plasencia, Extremadura, Juan de Plasencia was born into
a distinguished family of portocarreros in the town of Plasencia. He writes about Tagalog traditions and
culture and is titled "Customs of the Tagalog". The first thing to note is that he wasn't even originally from
Tagalog; he was a Franciscan missionary who first arrived in the Philippines in 1577 and was assigned in the
Tagalog region. From his observations and judgement, the Spanish King commissioned him to write a book
documenting the cultures and traditions of the colonized ("natives").

2. What are the event that result to the writting of “Customs of the tagalogs”?- The event that led to the
writing of "Customs of the Tagalogs" occurred because of the task that was given to Juan de Plasencia by
the King of Spain. The mission is to record the customs and traditions of the colonized or natives based on
his observation and judgement. He saw many traditions of the Tagalogs. That is why his account has been
written. First of all, there is the Bayanihan spirit of the people, where they help each other during wake
and on some occasions in their daily lives. And also to stop the injustice being committed to the natives by
the government. 

3. What are the content is all about? What Important historical information found in the document “
Customs of the tagalog”?- The document's content is based on Juan de Plasencia's observations on Tagalog
customs and traditions. This was the way they lived back then, their barangay method of living in the
community. According to Datu's classificatory system, which included the construction and materials used
in their homes as well as clothing codes and the judicial system, there were different social classes that
existed. Even if they could, how could they punish people who have committed a crime? at the moment.
4. What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document customs of the Tagalogs” in understanding
the grand narrative of Philippine History? - The custom of the Tagalog has contributed to Philippine history
and its importance in comprehending the grand narrative of Philippine history. Because of its existence, it
depicts how people used to live in the past. Because they have so many customs, some of them are still
around today and they still believe in them. There's the Bayanihan spirit, for instance. Most often, it's done
at a wake, but it can also be done daily in some circumstances, as well. Even though they would offer their
services for free, there is an expectation of reciprocity. Customs of the Tagalog, people was created with
the goal of providing an exoticized portrayal of the Tagalog indigenous that would appeal to them. It
enables us to grasp the traditions and customs we have in the Philippines' history and culture.

(2) Guide Question

“Ka rtilla of the Katipunan” Emilio Jacinto

1. Who is Emilio Jacinto?- Military genius Emilio Jacinto was generally acknowledged as one of the most
brilliant generals of his time period. Andres Bonifacio's revolutionary group, the Katipunan, referred to him
as "the brains" throughout the Philippine Revolution. He was Born in Tondo on December 15, 1875. And he
wrote the Katipunan's Kartilla as a primer for its members.

2. What are the vents that result to the writing of “ Kartilla of the Katipunan”?- The events that led to the
writing of "Kartilla of the Katipunan" are the formation of the Katipunan. Andress Bonifacio and four others
founded a secret society known as Kataas-taasang Sangunian ng mga anak ng bayan a.k.a "KKK". The goal is
to save Rizal from the Spaniards' clutches. As a result, Emilio Jacinto intended for it to become more than
just a guide for new members, but a moral and nationalistic worldview. There were rules and principles put
down in it for new members of the organization.

3. What are the content is all about? What Important historical information found in the document
“Kartilla of the Katipunan”?- The Kartilya is used to guide Katipuneros's operations. Members of the
Katipunan were expected to read the Kartilya before joining and to abide by its rules of behavior.This piece
of writing has 14 lessons that remind us of the life and morality ordinances that Filipino Katipuneros should
obey in order to complete the affairs, love, solidarity, respect and care for the nation.

4. What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Kartilla of the Katipunan”in
understanding the grand narrative of Philippine History? - Kartilya ng Katipunan's contributions include
racial, ethnic, national, educational, and religious equality. Also, women and children require special
consideration and care, as well as equal human rights protections that represent Philippine fundamental
values and conventions, and literary works like these serve as important markers in Philippine history.

(3) Guide Question

“Act of Declaration Of Independence” - Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista

1. Who is Ambrocio Rianzares BAutista? - Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista was born on December 7, 1830 in
Biiian, Laguna to Gregorio Enriquez Bautista and Silvestra Altamira and signed the Declaration of Philippine
Independence on June 12, 1898. He was a distant member of the Rizal family and a frequent advisor to
young Jose when he was a student in Manila. Bautista was well-liked by farm laborers because he provided
free legal advice and services, and even represented them in court when necessary.

2. What are the events that result to the writing of “ Act of Declaration of Independence”?- The
Philippines was ultimately released from Spanish colonialism after centuries of occupation. Aguinaldo
considered it important to declare Philippine independence after a functioning administration had been
established. He hoped that by doing so, the people would become even more motivated to oppose the
Spaniards. Mabini, who was now Aguinaldo's unofficial counsel, voiced his opposition. He objected because
he believed that reorganizing the government was more essential. Aguinaldo declared the Philippines'
independence from Spain in Cavite el Viejo on June 12, 1898, between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m. in front of a
large audience (Kawit).

3. What are the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “ ACt of
Declaration Of Independence” - Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista drafted and wrote the Declaration of
Independence Act in Spanish, and he also read it. A line from the Declaration of Independence reminded
me of a line from the American Declaration of Independence. Ninety-eight people signed the Philippine
Declaration, including an American army commander present during the proclamation's signing. The Act
said that Filipinos "are and have the right to be free and independent," and that the country "starts to have
its own existence today, with every political relationship between Filipinas and Spain broken and
annulled."

4. What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ ACt of Declaration of Independence” in
understanding the grand Philippine History? - In the history of the Philippines' independence from the
Spanish Empire, it's explained in detail in a document.The period ranges from when Magellan first set foot
on Philippine soil until the country became independent in 1898. Because of the lack of this document, it
will be impossible to determine exactly when, where, and how our country gained its independence. This
paper listed all of the key players that helped lead the country to independence. The meanings of the
Philippine national flag can be found in its intricate intricacies.

(4) Guide Question

Political Caricature of the American Era” - Alfred McCoy

1. Who is Alfred Mc Coy? - Alfred William Mc Coy was born on the 8th of June, 1945, in Boston,
Massachusetts, in the United States. He taught history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and now
directs the Center for Southeast Asian Studies. He is the author of the upcoming book in the Shadows of
the American Century: The Rise and Fall of US Global Power and Policing America's Empire. McCoy has
been writing on Southeast Asian history and politics for the past three decades.

2. What are the events resulted to the writing of “ _____”?- Philippine political cartoons reached their peak
between 1900 and 1941, while the country was under American rule. Filipino painters documented
national views about the arrival of the Americans as well as changing social mores and eras via their works.
Political cartoons have been seen in the Philippine press since the publishing of Kalayaan and La
Solidaridad. McCoy and Roces (1986) was the first book to legitimate cartoons as a source of Filipino ideas
and viewpoints.

3. What are the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “___”?-
The historian Alfred McCoy's thorough study of Philippine and American archives has resulted in the
compilation of 377 political drawings that give a complete context to the cartoons, as well as to the volatile
time period in which they were drawn. According to reports, the Philippine press has a love-hate
relationship with political cartoons, since the first book about Philippine cartoons was released in 1985.

4. What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “___” in understanding the grand narrative
of phil history?- According to the document, Filipinos utilized caricatures to communicate their political
ideas and thoughts on many issues throughout the American Era. It displays both our creativity as well as
our patriotism. It was enlightening, and it assisted us in discovering our family history because it gives us
thorough backgrounds.

Guide Question

1. Who is Corazon C. Aquino? - Corazon Aquino, the country's 11th and first female
president, served from 1986 until 1992. She had restored democracy under Ferdinand
Marcos' long dictatorship. After returning from exile, Corazon Aquino's husband, an
anti-Ferdinand Marcos activist, was killed. When Ferdinand Marcos suddenly called for
elections in 1986, Corazon Aquino was nominated as the only candidate of the united
opposition. After Marcos departed the nation, she was elected president and governed as
such until 1992, when she was ousted.
2. What are the events that resulted to the delivery of “ Speech of Corazon Aquino
before the US Congress on September 18, 1986?” - In September 1986, former Philippine
President Corazon Aquino addressed a joint session of Congress as the political fallout
was only beginning to fade. It was her first trip to the U.S. since the dictator
Ferdinand Marcos had been overthrown in February of that year, and the Philippines was
still dealing with the effects from his rule. We were only just getting started on the
hard road to recovery.

3. Whatthe content of the speech is all about? What important historical information
found in the document “Speech of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress?” - The
content of her speech is her plea for assistance. In her statement to the House, she
made history by swaying the vote in favor of a $200 million emergency relief budget. As
Teddy Locsin, Jr., her speechwriter (and the country's current ambassador to the United
Nations), wrote a powerful speech, Aquino defended her peace and reconciliation stand
on the rebellion, a sensitive issue in the United States given that it was 1986, and
asked for financial assistance to rebuild the Philippine economy.
4. What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Speech of Corazon
Aquino before the US Congress” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine
history? - Four years after storming Washington (and collecting billions of dollars in
assistance commitments), Aquino has found that high political theater does not
translate into meaningful solutions to a failing economy or political instabilities.
Six coup attempts by the divided military have failed, and the majority of Filipinos
believe that another attempt will be made. Despite having fewer companions in arms, the
Communist rebels remain a serious security concern both in Manila and in the
countryside.

GUide Question

1. Who is Fernando Armosolo? Who is Juan Luna? - More than ten thousand works were
painted or drawn by Fernando Amorsolo utilizing natural and backlit methods during the
course of his life. Portraits of the dalagang Filipina, landscapes of his native
Philippines, and events from World War II are among his best-known subjects. In the
late 19th century, Juan Luna was a Filipino painter, sculptor, and political activist
who participated in the Philippine Revolution. He rose to fame as one of the country's
first highly renowned artists.
2. What are the events that resulted them to make such work of arts? - Their works of
art were created not just to express themselves, but also to bring attention to issues
facing the neighborhood. Like how Filipinos were treated and how they lived their lives
back then. It also helps us in visualizing our nation's history, both the terrible and
beautiful aspects included.
3. What the painting is all about? What important historical information found in their
paintings? - Their painting have a different ways to show. Amorsolo captures the calm
and serene way of life of the traditional Filipinos. Filipino national identity was
shaped in part by his pastoral paintings, which provided "an idealized feeling of
nationhood in counterpoint to American colonial control". Luna drew literary and
historical settings, some of which had a political undertone. His allegorical paintings
were influenced by classical equilibrium and frequently included actors in dramatic
positions.
4. What is/are the contribution and relevance of their works in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history? - the contribution and the relevance of thier work in
understandingthe grand narrative of Phil. History are, Amorsolo's paintings depicted
Filipino customs, culture, fiestas, and vocations, as well as the people that lived
there. Luna's paintings depict historical events and human suffering throughout the
Spanish colonial period.

Guide Question

1. Who is Emilio F. Aguinaldo? - He was born on March 22/23, 1869 and died on February
6, 1964, in Quezon City, Philippines. was a Filipino politician and statesman who
battled for the country's independence from Spain and later the United States.  He is
a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military commander who is officially
acknowledged as the country's first and youngest president.

2. What are the events that led him to record his Memoirs of the Revolution or Mga
Gunita ng Himagsikan?” In his later years, between 1928 and 1946, Aguinaldo wrote a
great deal. In 1967, he wrote in longhand the first book of his memoirs, "Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan 1964,". The Preface by Aguinaldo states the memoirs are based on his
journal, papers he saved, and oral history collected from his elders, among other
sources. Beginning with his birth and up to the 1897 Treaty of Biak-na-Bato, the first
book tells his life story. As a result, he wrote "Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan" to record
the historical events of the revolution as well as his own life.

c) What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the
document “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan?” The account's content is from his birth and
early years, ending with the 1897 Treaty of Biak-na-Bato to record his life track. The
second is to cover the resumption of the Philippine War. Revolution against Spain and
the Philippine-American War. It contains the details of what really happened during the
revolution in the Philippines. Aguinaldo's account wanted to correct history by making
reference to the historian’s confused accounts of the beginning of the Revolution

d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history? -People may
change their understanding of the revolution that happened in the past that is part of
Philippine history. His account of the events that occurred is eye-opening.

Guide Questions

1. Who is Icelle Gloria D. Borja- Estrada and her co authors? Artist Icelle G. Borja is
from Zamboanga City, the Philippines, where she is regarded as one of the city's best.
A painter and sculptor, she has a style as diverse as her other abilities.  She also
contributes a monthly art piece and conducts considerable research on Zamboanga's arts
and culture. She's one of the people behind making the documentary film, Riaders of the
Sulu Sea.

b) What are the events that resulted to the making of this documentary film “Raiders
of the Sulu Sea?” - It was the Spanish defense of Fort Pilar as Spain's final
stronghold and a bulwark against the American invasion in the southern Philippines that
inspired the production of this documentary. It portrays the booming free economy in
Southeast Asia and the negative consequences and consequences of Europeans like the
English, Dutch, and Spanish who wanted to dominate the economy and conquer and
Christianize it.

c) What the content of the film is all about? What important historical information
found in the document “Raiders of the Sulu Sea?” In the film, slave raiding is used
to pay back the colonizers, and ancient maritime vessels like the Lanong, Garay, and
Salisipan, as well as warships like the Barong, Kris, and Kampilan, are used as weapons
of war. The well-organized forces are used to launch "Pirate wind" slave raids on the
Mindanao, Visayas, and Luzon coasts between July and October. A significant part of it
dealt with what happened to a kidnapped Balangingi leader named Panglima Taupan (also
known as Panglima) and his family when they were banished to Cagayan in the north of
Luzon.
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document
“Raiders of the Sulu Sea” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine
history?- One of the Raiders of the Sulu Sea's most important contributions is to show
how the Spaniards held on to Zamboanga and Fort Pilar, their last stronghold. Through
this documentary, viewers will have a better understanding of life in Zambaonga as it
develops into our collective history. Maritime raiding was crucial during the three and
a half centuries of battle between the Spanish and Filipino communities in southern
Philippines, not only for the collection of money and slaves, but also as a method of
warfare and anticolonial resistance.
Post- Assessment

11. D
 12. C
13. A
14. B
15. .
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. C
20. B

Task

Cry of Pugad Lawin

Guillermo Masangkay.

A. ) Guillermo Masangkay was born on June 25, 1867, in Tondo, Manila. H was Andres
Bonifacio's companion and adviser. Masangkay, a revolutionary commander in the Filipino-
American War and one of the founding members of the Katipunan, played an important role.

B.) The word cry was originally used to describe the first encounter between the Katipuneros and the Civil
Guards (Guardia Civil). The shout may also refer to the tearing up of personal tax certificates (cédulas) in
protest of Spain's loyalty. The cry's inscriptions, "Viva la Independencia Filipina," may also be referred to as
a phrase. During this time, there were loud patriotic yells. We may learn a lot from his writings on the Cry
of Balintawak and Bonifacio's death. In addition, he served as a general in the Philippine-American War as
a military leader.  He was a passionate advocate for the construction of the Bonifacio monument, donating
P10,000 of his own money to the cause.

C. The content of the account of Guillermo Masangkay is a series of bloody revolts. Bonifacio and his
fellows were planning a nationwide revolt. This led to an event called the "Cry of Pugad Lawin",
where revolutionaries took part in a mass tearing of cedulas (community tax certificates), symbolizing
their fight against Spain. This event was the start of the revolution of the Filipinos against the Spanish
Government. 
D. As a result of Pugad Lawin's Cry launching the Philippine Revolution in 1896, the country
gained its independence from Spain two years later in 1898. Those occasions revived the Filipino
people's solidarity and "desire" for independence. It's the beginning of the Filipino rebels' fight for
freedom from the Spanish authority.

Independent Activity

The credibility of the accounts of people that witnessed the event depends on the authenticity of those
accounts. People who may witness the same event may have a different opinion and perspective. As an
illustration, the department of health published a report about the cases of COVID 19, symptoms, and the
on-going vaccination. Because they are still studying about the situation and possible solution to this virus.
They are not the only ones who witnessed and experienced the Covid 19 to give and have a report to
launch. People have their own opinions too, as they also witness the effect of viruses on people and they
consider as the secondary sources because they are basing their information and idea towards Covid-19
from the news, article and reports by their local LGU and DOH. BUt DOH and WHO is not the only primary
source for the Covid 19 reports and information, but also the people who got infected and healed is
considered as a primary source because they experienced being a patient of COVID 19. They know what it
feels like to be infected and the effect medicine has on their bodies. 
 Module 3

Pre-Assessment

1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. C