COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS :

PRIMARY VS SECONDARY

SOURCES

SUBMITTED BY:
CAAGBAY, MYLENE.
FLORA, IVY .
OBEÑA, JOHN RHEY .
PEREZ, NAZARENE.
SOTOMAYOR,

KRISTOFFER .
BS ACCOUNTANCY 1A
 Primary Sources
Memoirs of a Secondary Source
Categories General by Santiago Revolt of the Masses
Alvarez by Teodoro Agoncillo
a.k.a Gen. Apoy

Santiago Alvarez, born

Born in Lemery,

on July 25, 1872 at

Batangas in 1934. He

Noveleta, Cavite, is
worked as a linguistic

Author’s Background
leader of the
assistant at the

Magdiwang faction Institute of National

and Nicolasa Virata. Language.

To explain to the young

In order to connect the

people the waning

present with history.

battle of the

Objective of Teodoro Agoncillo

revolutionaries and the

the Author wanted to include the

real story of the

details offered by

revolution, the author

Santiago Alvares
recounts his own
 experiences and
regarding what

observations as a
transpired prior to

general during the

and following the

Philippine Revolution. Tejeros Convention.

It was written From July

24, 1927, until April 15,

1928.

The book was written

Date written It was Published In

in 1947 and was

or published 1992 by Ateneo

published in 1956.
University Press and

the Center for

Southeast Asian

Studies.
 July 23, 1927
He turned Fifty-Five

years old. March 25

Filipinos lined with

1902 all their fury and

Santiago Alvarez
succeeded in driving

continued his studies at

out the rebels with

the law school of the

heavy losses.
Liceo de Manila, and

later worked at the law

Mid March 1897
offices of Felipe
Rebels was serious.
Buencamino, Sr., and

Mention of dates of R. del Rosario.

April 1897
Demoralization set

August 1896 - 1901

He led the revolution
in Leading.
for Five years.
December 1986
March 14, 1986​​ Two brothers,

Dealt with the

Procopio and

organization and Cirlaco left for

Cavite.
 January 2, 1897
activities of the Society
Bonifacio wrote

of the Sons of the

from San

People. Francisco de

Malabon to his

March 24, 1987 uncle in-law,

Their meeting of the

Mariano Alvarez
Magdalo and

Magdiwang leaders
April 1897
was postponed for
He stayed until the

Mention of dates the next day

Spaniards

because of the
captured the town.
death of Lt. Gen.

Crispulo Aguinaldo,
January 1897
Gen. Emilio
Town Fiesta of San

Aguinaldo’s brother,
Francisco de

on that day in the

Malabon.
Battle of Salitran.
 March 25, 1987
The assembly at

Tejeros was finally

convened.
March 22, 1897
March 27, 1987 Leading the

eyewitnesses who

Magdalo soldiers

had spied on the

faced the

proceedings revealed

spaniards in

Mention of dates that, indeed, a

salitran, a barrio

meeting had taken

place at the Tanza

between the town

parish house and that

of Dasmariñas and

the Supremo’s
Imus
decisions regarding

the election at the

friar estate house

were not respected.

 March 27, 1987
They left three days

afterwards and

marched into the San

Francisco de Malabon

territory up to the village

of Bakaw

April 3, 1987
The Supremo made a

bid to recapture

Noveleta. General

Mention of dates
Vibora and Gen. Santos

Nocon accompanied

him in the offensive,

which lasted the whole

day. But despite a fierce

determination on their

part and heavy enemy

losses, they were unable

to dislodge the

Spaniards.
 Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras- he Andres Bonifacio- the

was the one assigned to the first Supremo and elected as

invitation of the meeting of Director of Interior.

Magdiwang and Magdalo.
Administrative of the

Magdiwang Leaders: Magdiwang government:

Supremo Andres Bonifacio Mariano Alvarez
(Father of the Katipunan and (President)
revolution) Mariano Trias (Minister of

Mariano C. Trias (newly Grace and Justice and

elected Vice President) Elected as Vice President)

Key
Diego Mojica (the secretary of Pascual Alvarez

Personalities the Magdiwang faction) (Executive Secretary)

Emiliano R. De Dios (newly Emiliano Reigo De Dios

elected for Secretary of War) (Minister of the Interior

Gen. Artemio Ricarte ( and elected as Director of

appointed secretary) War)

Santol Nocon Ariston Villanueva

Luciano San Miguel (Minister of War)

Severino de las Alas Santiago Alvarez

Santiago Rillo (Commander in Chief)

Pablo Mojica Diego Mojica (Minister of

Mariano Alvarez Finance)

 Artemio Ricarte and

Pascual Alvarez
Mariano Rieg de Dios

Ariston Villanueva
(Military Commanders)
Santiago V. Alvarez

Magdalo Leaders: Administrative of the

Emilio Aguinaldo (the newly

Magdalo government:
elected President) Emilio Aguinaldo

Baldomero Aguinaldo (the

(Commander-in Chief

one called a meeting at the

and the elected

same friar state) President)

Key Daniel Torina Baldomero Aguinaldo

Personalities Cayetano Topacio (President)

Dr. Pio Valenzuela Candido Tirona (Minister

Mr. Emilio Jacinto of War)

Mr. Lope K. Santos Cayetano Topaeno

Gen. Artemio Ricarte

(Minister of Finance)
Gen. Crispulo Aguinaldo
Edilberto Evangelista

Ariston Villanueva
(Lieutenant General)
Mariano C. Trias
Vito Belarmino and

Mr. Severino
Mr. Jose Del Rosario Crispulo Aguinaldo

(Military Commanders)
 Ciriaco and Procopio

(Brother of Bonifacio)
Mariano San Gabriel
Key Teodoro Gonzales
Personalities Daniel Tirona
General Zabala
General Lachambre
General Aguinaldo

Bonifacio was not able to get

the presidency, Daniel Tirona

disagreed with the decision and

Thematic that the position should be

Misunderstandings exist

motivation given to Del Rosario, an

between the Magdiwang

of authors educated lawyer. Bonifacio

and the Magdalo

(why the took offense to his statement

and pulled out his firearm,

because of the suspicion

Tejeros
aiming at Mr. Tirona. The votes
and jealousies.
meeting
were then declared null and

failed?)
they voided all matters

approved in the meeting.

 Supremo Bonifacio

scheduled a meeting on
Cavite's Katipunan was

March 24, 1987, between

divided into two factions:

Magdalo and Magdiwang

Magdiwang and Magdalo.

factions, however it was

Each faction had its own

postponed because of the

administration

death of the brother of Gen.

government and both held

Emilio Aguinaldo. sovereign sovereignty

over a number of towns.

On March 25, 1897, the

Magdiwang and Magdalo

Both factions were

council gathered for the

responsible for the rebel

Sequencing assembly at Tejeros. triumphs, and no one

of events would yield to the other or

Chairman Jacinto Lumbreras

allow itself to be placed

said the Katipunan holds

under the authority of its

authority and he and the

rival.
Supremo explained that the

middle K in the Katipunan flag

The Magdiwang men

stands for freedom that Mr.

invited Andres Bonifacio

Severino de las Alas countered

that the letter K and the sun on

to visit Cavite and help in

the flag did not indicate whether

the fight as a result of the

the government was

circumstances.
democratic or not.
 • Elections for the new The Supremo ordered to

government have begun,

arrest Fernandez upon

and Supremo has

seeing him because he

reminded everyone to
was the reason for the

respect all decisions and

stated that whoever defeat in San Juan.
receives the most votes
should be the winner, Esteban San Juan invited

regardless of his station in Bonifacio to visit the

life or educational Magdiwang leaders' rally

attainment. at Noveleta, and when the

march passed by, they

• Emilio Aguinaldo lost screamed, "Long live the

Andres Bonifacio for Ruler of the Philippines!"

Sequencing presidency, and Mr.
of events Severino proposed that Misunderstandings exist

Bonifacio be declared Vice

between the Magdiwang

President, but no one

and the Magdalo because

expressed favor.
of the suspicion and

jealousies.
• The election continued and
Bonifacio won as Director
of Interior but Mr. Daniel Magdalo and Magdiwang

Tirona objected and call a convention

offered to elect Mr. Jose del assembly with Bonifacio in

Rosario. Imus.
 • Supremo adjourned the
meeting and said that in • The assembly
my capacity as a assembled at Tejeros
chairman of this on March 22, 1897,
convection I declared null Aguinaldo's birthday.
and void all matters
approved in the meeting. • The subject of forming
a new government
• Baldomero Aguinaldo was raised, and so the
requested a meeting for election process
the Magdalo group with happened.
the aim of revalidating
Sequencing the current election, but • Emilio Aguinaldo was
of events no Magdalo members chosen President over
attended. Andres Bonifacio, and
Severino de las Alas
• Except for Bonifacio, all recommended that
chosen at the Tejeros Bonifacio be named
conference bowed Vice President, but no
before a crucifix and in one agreed, thus theF
the name of the Holy election proceeded.
Father on March 27,
11897.
 However, Bonifacio was

elected as Director of

Interior even though Daniel

Tirona objected.

• Bonifacio
addressed a letter
to his uncle in law
Sequencing and friend Emilio
Jacinto to justify his
of events
side.