Raymundo, Michaela Andrea R.

HM1A ZGE1106

Comparing Primary and Secondary Sources

Learning Activity 1

Secondary Source
Primary Source
Categories Memoirs of a General by Revolt of the Masses by Teodoro
Santiago Alvarez a.k.a Gen. Apoy Agoncillo

Santiago Alvarez a.k.a. Gen. Apoy Jim Richardson is known among

was born on July 25, 1872 at Filipino scholars as the author of
Noveleta, Cavite. He was the only one of the most important works
Author’s Background child of Gen. Mariano Alvarez in Philippine revolution, The Light
leader of the Magdiwang faction of Liberty: Documents and
and Nicolasa Virata. Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-
1897.
He implied his aim, to make To write a biography of Andres
known to the youth to fading Bonifacio. But instead of writing
struggle of the revolutionaries just the biography of Bonifacio,
Objective of the author and the story of the revolution. he wrote about the biography of
And to tell what happened in the the revolution itself. Another
Tejeros convention in his point of objective is to tell the before and
view. after of the convention.

o July 1927- The date it was o 1947- The date it was

Published Written
Date written or published o June 1973- Translated o 1956- The date it was
from tagalog version to Published
English
o 1977- Completed the
translation
 o March 25, 1897 - The
Assembly at Tejeros was
Mention of dates eventually convened, with
the two councils,
Magdiwang and Magdalo,
debating their respective
issues regarding the type
of government they had
before proceeding with
the election of new
officials for the Republic of
Philippines.
o March 27, 1897 - A
meeting was conducted at
the Tanza parish home,
and the Supremo's
decision to annul the
election was not
recognized.
o Noveleta, Cavite
o Tajeros
Mention of places o Imus
o Tanza parish church
o San Francisco de Malabon
o Diego Mojica
o Supremo Andres Bonifacio
o Emilio Aguinaldo
Key personalities o Ariston Villanueva
o Santos Nocon
o Mariano Trias
o Santiago Alvarez
o Luciano San Miguel
o January 1897 - San
Francisco de Malabon's
fiesta was interrupted by a
succession of rifle shots,
which were subsequently
determined to be fired by
the men of Captain
Mariano San Gabriel, a
Magdiwang, resulting in a
dispute between him and
General Alvarez.
o March 22, 1897 — After a
battle between Magdalo
and the Spaniards, the
assembly at Tejeros was
called, which also
happened to be
Aguinaldo's birthday.
o April 1897 — The village of
Malabon, where Bonifacio
stayed, is taken by the
Spaniards.
o Imus, Cavite
o Zapote
o Batangas
o Laguna
o Talisay Batangas
o Emiliano de Dios
o Mariano Trias
o 1897Ariston Villanueva
o Supremo Andres Bonifacio
o Daniel Tirona
o Crispulo Aguinaldo
o Mariano Alvarez
o Santiago Alvarez
 Sequencing of events o March 14, 1896- Beginning
of the events relating to
the revolution.
o March 24, 1897- Magdalo
and Magdiwang had a
meeting.
o March 25, 1897- Assembly
of Tejeros
o March 25, 1897- at the
afternoon the Spaniards
occupied the town of
Imus, Cavite
o This is based on his true
Differences between the two stories and reliable
accounts sources.
o Body guards of Alvarez
stayed outside the venue.
o He is the eyewitness that
Probable reason why the gives the complete details
differences and reliable source at the
same time that the event
happened.
o His responsibility is to
keep the important things
and records.
Bonifacio began by underlining
the need of respecting and
Thematic motivation of authors approving all choices made
(why the Tejeros meeting failed) during the meeting. When it
comes to the election, he
o 1896- Revolution prepared
the ground for the
completion of America
o 1947- Quirino’s Rizal Day
speech
o Dec. 30, 1896- Rizal’s
Execution
o 1897- Before Bonifacio’s
death he left a few of his
writings
o March 9, 1953-
Magsaysay’s public
defection to the
Nationalists was staged
o Body guards stayed near
the staircase
o Agoncillo’s account was
widely and well narrated
by himself only.
o Agoncillo is not present on
that event but the
information from the
other people who witness
what happened in the
event have collected some
details. As a historian it is
important to have some
learnings about the
important events in the
history to know the
primary and secondary
sources.
Cavite's province was divided
into two factions: Magdiwang
and Magdalo. Both sides were
summoned to a meeting in order
to form a revolutionary
 stressed that the nominee who
wins the most votes, regardless
of his or her personal
circumstances, should be
recognized.
government, but they were
unable to reach an agreement.
As their concerns clashed, the
tension was increasing. On
March 22, 1897, at 2:00 p.m., the
conference was officially opened
in Tejeros.

1. What are common with the two documents?

o The two documents are both historical it is about the trials that they
faced before, during, and after the revolution story.

2. What are the differences?

o Santiago Alvarez concentrated mostly on the election and delegation

of authorities. It was a detailed account of how each faction exchanged
different points of view and how the election was conducted. Teodoro
Agoncillo, on the other hand, was more concerned with the
misunderstanding between the two fictions. He paid close attention to
the events leading up to the convention as well as the controversies
that arose during it.

3. Based on the two documents what characteristics do primary sources have?

o The primary source contains the firs-hand evidences. It tells about the
event without adding any interpretation or commentary and has more
knowledge about the historical background.

4. What characteristics do secondary sources have?

o The secondary source examines or critiques the primary sources. It is

the second-hand account of an event and it interprets, analyze or
explains an historical event and the evidence of that event.