Sinhala Language Grade 6

.
isxy,
NdIdj yd idys;Hh
6 fYa%‚h
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

. .
m<uqjk uqøKh 2014

fojk uqøKh 2015
f;jk uqøKh 2016
isõjk uqøKh 2017
miajk uqøKh 2018
ihjk uqøKh 2019
ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs
ISBN 978-955-25-0254-5
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'
ii
. .
iii
iv
v
vi
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a

fufyhùu ví,sõ' tA' ks¾u,d mshiS,s
flduidßia îxj¾Ok&
iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr" iyldr wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßiaa

iydh iïnkaëlrKh Èf,ald wurfiak" ixj¾Ok ks,Odß

ixialdrl uKav,h
1' r;akisß wrx., uydpd¾h" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

2' ã'ví,sõ' Èidkdhl fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
3' B' wd¾' ksu,a fm%aul=udr lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
4' l=udr fiakdr;ak iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI" m<d;a wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" wkqrdOmqrh
5' m%.S;sld chfialr iyldr flduidßia" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
NdId ixialrKh
uydpd¾h r;ak úfÊ;=x.
f,aLl uKav,h
1' ksYaYxl nKavdr -.=re fiajh
nm$.ï$fodïfm uyd úoHd,h" fodïfm

2' wreK bkaÈl fõr., .=re fiajh
fld$ wdkkao nd,sld úoHd,h" fld<U 10
3' úmq,s ksfrdaIsŒ f,aÅld

fyÜáwdrÉÑ
4' tÉ'ta' È¨ï r;akud,d iydh lÓldpd¾h
isxy, wxYh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h

fidaÿm;a lshùu
iñ;d úoHdfialr Wml¾;D" isxy, YíofldaI ld¾hd,h

msgljr ks¾udKh
1' refïIa o is,ajd
2' ã' t,a' wñ÷ nqoaêl wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

1' tia'ù'Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

2' chks pkaÈud lreKdr;ak wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
vii
viii
mgqk
msgq wxl

1 khsfoa /jáÉÖ
kß 1

2 Woh
isß 7
² wms lú ,shuq 9

3
Öfpx pq,f`.x huq lsß kEfkda
11
² ud;Dldkql+, l;d 19
² iqn me;=ï m;a 19
² fm!oa.,sl ,sms 21
4 Irud,dj yd ms,s
wla 24

mo yd tys m%fNao
5 kdu 29
² jpk fNaoh 30
² Wla; wkqla; fNaoh 36
² ,sx. fNaoh 40
6 ß;a fyd| oek f.k
is 42

7 Wjÿr
w,s 45
² úfYaIK mo 50
8 k,mdk
cd;lh 51
² uydm%dK wlaIr 59
² i[a[l wlaIr 60
9 ls %hd mo yd tys m%fNao 62
² jpk fNaoh 65
² mqreI fNaoh 66
² ld, fNaoh 68
² ,sx. fNaoh 70
ix
10
jdlH ks¾udKh 72

11 jejg mska §,d m,h,a,d

l,d 75
² ud;Dldkql+, rpkd ,sùu 79
12

weúÈk fld<hd 81
² úrdu ,laIK 85
13 .<d lxfvdax mq;d
w.a 89
14
ii| ii| y|mdfka wms hkjd 94
15 ziod
fuf,i mqr forfKaZ 97
16 urK
;=kla we;s ñksfila me‚ lE h'' 101
² úfYaIK mo 105
17 mqxÑ mef<a .i fjkd 107
18
jdikdjk a 114
19 rdis
x fohshkag neK jeÿK uqrlrejd 116
² ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaaO rpkd 121
20 iQ
ßh Wod ù h<s ieÕjqKdfoda 122
² ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,sms 133
² iÕrd ,sms 135
21 re - ñ;=rej
i;= 137
x
1 kßkhsfoa /jáÉÖ
,sùfï l%uhla fyda wl=re fkd oek isá ñksiaiq Tjqkaf.a w;aoelSï"
oekqu láka lg mj;ajdf.k wdfjda h' tajd j¾;udkfha ckY%e;s
^Folk lore& kñka ye¢kafjhs' ckl;d" msre¿" ck lú" ck kdgl"
WmyerK wdÈh thg wh;a fõ' fmd; mf;ys fkd ,shjqK o
ckY%e;s" tajd ìys jQ ck iudcfha idys;Hdx.hla f,i ie,ls‚'
isxy, idys;Hh fmdaIKhg o ckY%e;sfha odhl;ajh ,eî we;'
uqøK Ys,amh ÈhqKq ùu;a iu. láka lg mej; wd ckY%e;s tla
/ia fldg ,shd ;eîug we;eï f,aLlfhda lghq;= l<y'
‘kß khsfoa /jáÉÖ’ kï ck l;dj isxy, ckl;d ix.%y
lrñka tA' mS' .=Kr;ak úiska iïmdÈ; jgq lsß,a,S iy ;j;a l;d
kï .%ka:fhka Wmqgd .kakd ,È'
fï l;dj ,shd we;af;a wm ,shk wdldrhg jvd fjkia NdId
ú,dihlska nj;a j¾;udk jHjydrfha fkdue;s jpk yd fhÿï
tys we;=<;a nj;a Tng fmkS hkq we;'
tlu;a tl .ul f,dl= ú,la ;snqKd' fï úf,a ks;r Èh ysf|kafk kE'

ta yskaod fï úf,a fndfydu jeú,d ;snqKd ´¨" fk¨ï" udfk,a' ta
jf.a u l=vuiaikq;a fndfydu ysáhd' l=vuiaika w,a,d f.k lEug
ks;r /l f.k bkak lsßfldlal=" udkfldlal=" ueáfldlal="
lKfldlal= tfyu;a úf,a jfÜg u ;eka ;ekaj, ysáhd' Tfydu ;shk
w;frÈ tl ldf,l y;a wjqreÿ kshÕhla we;s fj,d fï ú,;a áflka
ál ysf|kag mgka .;a;d'
ú, ys£f.k hk fldg fldl=kag jv jvd jdis fjkag mgka .;a;d' ta
tlal u ñksiaiq;a weú;a lrla .y,d l+vd md.,d l=vuiaika w,a,d
f.k hkag mgka .;a;d' ;j;a Èh wvq fjk fldg ñksiaiq úf,a ;eka
;ekaj, jeá ne|,d" Èh by,d bkak ;rï Tlafldu l=vuiaika w,a,d
f.k .shd' Bg miafi ú, Tlafldu l=vuiaikaf.ka ysia WKd'
b;ska ú, tfyu msáka u l=vuiaikaf.ka ysia WKd u ta úf,a ysáh
udkfldlal= fokafkla l;d lr .;a;d' “oeka b;ska wmg fï ú,
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 1
/l f.k b|,d we;s ldßhla kE' oeka úf,a ;sfhkafk uv ál ú;rhs'
l=vuiaikq;a kE' lEug fjk foal=;a kE' wms b;ska b.s,s,d huq fjk
rgl Èh we;s ú,la n,d f.k” lsh,d'
fï fokakd fufyu úf,ka msg fj,d hkag l;d lr .kak fldg
t;k <Õ ysáh bífnla fï l;djg lka § f.k ysáhd' tfyu ysg,d
wr udkfldl=ka fokakdg l;d lr,d lSjd' “Th fokakd kï mskaj;a
we;af;d' ys;+ fj,djl ys;+ rglg mshdir lr f.k hkag mq¿jks' ud;a
b;ska fuÉpr ld,hla fï úf,a tlg ysáh flfkla fka' Èh we;s
;eklg ud;a tla lr f.k hkag neß o@” lsh,d'
fï l;djg udkfldlal= fokakd yskd WKd' yskd fj,d lSjd “wfka
fudav bífnda" wms fokakd mshdm;a we;a;ka ksid mshdir lr f.k hkag
mq¿jks' bínkag;a mshdir lrf.k hkag mq¿jka o@ bínkag mshdm;a
;shkjd o@” lsh,d'
fï l;djg bínd lSjd “ÿlg m;a WK fj,djl msysgla b,a,k hd¿jl=g
yskd ùu ta ;rï jeo.;a ldßhla fkfuhs' uf. b,a,Su .ek ys;d
ne,Suhs hq;=lu' Th we;a;kaf.a Th w,xldr l¿mdg mshdm;a jf.a" Th
w,xldr È. fn,a, jf.a w,xldr fudf<al=;a ;sfhkag mq¿jks' fï kdls
f.dryeä bì fudf<ag l,amkd kQK;a wyi;a fmdf<dj;a c,h;a .ek
fyd| bf.kSula ;sfhk Th we;a;kaf.a W.;a fudf<ag jegfykag
neßlula kE fï wirKhdg Wmldrhla lrk yeáhla” lsh,d'
ta .uk wdfh;a wr udkfldlal= fokakdf.ka tflla lSjd “fldl=ka
legqj bínkag hkag mq¿jka úÈhla .ek wmg kï ys;kag wudrehs'
lrkag we;af;a Èh ;sfhk rglg fiakaÿ fjk l,a mqreÿ md .ufkka
fkdkj;a;d .uka lrk tlhs' ydjqka tlal ;rf.g ÿj,d Èkkag
mq¿jka bínl=g fhdÿka iShla yudrla hkag uy ld,hla .; fjk
tlla kE” lsh,d'
b;ska bínd ;j ;j;a msxfiKavq fjkag mgka .;a;d' “fï lreKdjka;
W.;a ñ;%hka fokakdf.ka fï wirK jhil bì mrdfKg msysgla
ke;akï" b;ska wdfh ,nd .kag fjkafk ldg;a nE fkdlshd msysg
fjk udrhdf. msysg ;ud' oeka fï úf,a l=vuiaikq;a kE' ´¨" fk¨ï
.iaj, w," u,a jf.a foal=;a kE' fyg" fï ú,g tk ñksiqka ud fmr<d
ne| f.k hkjdg wkqudkhla kE' wfka hk ;eklg ud;a legqj hkag”
lsh,d' ta .uk tl udkfldflla l;d lr,d bíndg lSjd “fyd|hs"
2 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
tfykï" ug l,amkd fjkjd tl Wmdhla' tal álla wudre jevla" ta;a
wms lrkakï' yenehs fï bì Wkakefy tl ldrfKalg tlÕ fjkag
´kE” lsh,d'
b;ska bínf. ;sfhk ´kElfï uy; ksid ldrfKa fudlla o
wykafkaj;a ke;=j tl mdrg u lSjd “tl ldrfKalg fk fuhs" oy
ldrfKalg WK;a uu tlÕ fjkakï" yenehs hk ;eklg ud;a tlal u
hkag ´kE” lsh,d'
t;fldg wr l;d lrmq udkfldld wdfhu;a lSjd “tl`. fjkav ´kE
ldrKh fïlhs' .ufk fl<jrla fj,d ìug nysk f;la lg wßkag nE'
lsis u l;djla nE' u. f;dg úia;r wykagj;a ;j yqÕla ÿr o" oeka wms
fldhs yßfh o@ wõj fndfydu ierhs fka o@ Th jf.a lsis u fohla
.ek lsis u l;djla lrkag" fldáka u lg wßkag ;ykï” lsh,d'
b;ska bínd fmdfrdkaÿ WKd “lsis u l;djla lrkjd ;shd lg wßkag
ys;kafkj;a kE' fldfydu kuq;a ud legqj hdu ú;rla lrkag” lsh,d'
tfyu bínd tl`. WKd u tl udkfldflla yhsh we;s fldagq lE,a,la
fydhd f.k wdjd' fydhd f.k weú;a bíndg lSjd —fukak fï ,S
fldagqj ueo yhsfhka láka veye .kag' fyd| yeá ;Èka veye .kag
´kE' wdfh fudk foalgj;a lg wßkag ú;rla tmd' lg weßfhd;a kï
b;ska n;a uqÜáh fmdf<dfj .eyqjd jf.a ysáhs” lsh,d'
“yd" yd" uu tfyu;a lrkj o@” lsh,d bínd ,Sfldagqj láka veye
.;a;d' udkfldlal= fokakd ta fldagqfõ fl<jrj,a fol fydáka
veye,d Wiaid .;a;d' Wiaid f.k fndfydu iSrefjka b.s,S hkag WKd'
yenehs fldhs tlg;a md;ska hkjd jvd fyd|hs lsh,d udkfldlal=
fokakd jvd by<ska mshdir lf<a keye'
fï ;=kafokd Tfydu hk fldg Tkak tl fo‚m;l ysgmq kßfhla
ÿgqjd fï we;a;ka hk fï wmQre .uk' oel,d kßhd yQ lsh,d yskd
WKd' yskd fj,d Wv n,d f.k yhsfhka w~ md,d weyqjd “wE wmafma"
ldg oel=ula o Th ;fâ f.kshkafk@” lsh,d'
fï kßhdf. l;djg bíndg fyd|g u ;ry wdjd' ;ry weú;a “fï ;v
f.kshkafk f;dfma kekao,E Èydg” lsh,d lshkag ys;d f.k lg
weßhd ú;rhs" keÜfgka .e,jqKq ;,a f.ähla jf.a bínd fcd.a .d,d
fo‚hg jegqKd' ta .uk kßhd tal oel,d “Tkak fndf,a wo wyiska

jegqK uila” lshdf.k bínd <`.g Èõjd' bín;a kßhd tkjd oel,d
md y;rhs" T¿jhs Wf. bì lfnd,a, we;=<g weo .;a;d' kßhd ÿj,d
.syska bj lr,d ne¨jd' tfyka o; .eyqjd¦ fufyka o; .eyqjd¦ fudk
yeáhlgj;a ymkag kï nE' ta .uk kßhd" bínd ta fï w; fmr<kag
WKd'
Tkak fufjf, bínd lfnd,a, we;=f<a b| f.k yskd fjkag WKd'
yskd fj,d kßhf.ka weyqjd" “fudlo hd¿jd" ymkag neß o@ fldfydu o
hd¿jd ud ymkafk" uu fï y;a wjqreÿ ksh`.lg wyq fj,d fõ<s,d"
fõ<s,d fldÜg fj,d' Èhl od,d fmd`.j,d .;af;d;a ñi ke;=j kï
wjqreoaola yemqj;a ymkag kï nE” lsh,d'
b;ska bínd wdfhu;a lSjd “wehs fudavfhd" Th ;rï foal=;a fkd oek
o WU bìuia lkag ;kkafka@ Èh f.akag neß kï udj Wiaid f.k
.syska oudmkafld Èh ;shk ;ekl” lsh,d'
“tal;a yß ;ud” lsh,d ta .uk kßhd" bínd láka veye f.k .shd ta
wy, ;snqK uy ú,lg' .syska bínd Èfha ou, mhska md.d f.k ysáhd'
kßhd md.d f.k bkak yskaod bíndg;a hkag bvla kE' bín;a Tfydu
ysáhd' yqÕla fj,d .shdhska miafi kßhd bíng l;d lr, weyqjd
“wd fudav bífnda" oeka fm`.=Kd weoao” lsh,d'
b;ska bínd lSjd “oeka kï yq`.la yßh fm`.=Kd' kß whshf. mh ;shk
;ek ú;rhs ;j fmf`.kag we;af;' mh álla nqre,a lf<d;a ta ál;a
fmf`.hs” lsh,d' kßh;a wuq;a;la fkd lshd mh nqre,a l<d' mh nqre,a
lrkjd;a tlal u bínd Èhg weÈ,d .shd' ta;a kßhd tl mdrg u
mek,d w,a,d .;a;d ÿjk bínf. tl ll=,lska' b;ska kßhd ll=f,ka
w,a,d .;a;du bínd o`.,kafk ke;=j tfyu u ysg,d lSjd “kß whshd
/jáÉÖ flg, wf,a t,a,sÉÖ” lsh,d'
kßh;a ys;=jd tfykx flg, wf,a ;ud ug wyq WfKa lsh,d bínf.
ll=, w; wer, ta <`. u ;snqK flg, w,hla w,a,d .;a;d' ta .uk
bínd kßhdg nyskag neß ;rug cUqrg .syska kßhdg l;d lr,d
“fnd, kßfhda" f;dms to;a kß" wo;a kß" f;dms ljoo bìuia lEfj”
lshd f.k hkag .shd'

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu
lrla .y,d - lrla f.äh keue;s WmlrKfhka ud¿ we,a,Su

l+vd md.,d - fõje,aj,ska úhd .;a l+vhlska ud¿ we,a,Su
veye .;a;d - w,a,d .;a;d
fo‚m;l - fo‚h" l÷ folla w;r we;s ìï fldgi
w~ md,d - y~ k.d$lE .id
;v - fomiska lr ;nd f.k hd yels mßÈ ueo
nrla .eg .id we;s ,Sh
bì lfnd,a, - bì lÜg
fldÜg fj,d - wêl f,i fõ<s,d
;kkafka - iQodkï jkafka
nqre,a - ,sys,a
flg, - c,h weiqf¾ jefjk m÷re j¾.hla
cUqrg - .eUqrg
wjfndaOh
1' ú, is£ hk úg jeämqr u jdis w;a jQfha ldg o@

2' udkfldl=ka fofokd fjk;a rgl ú,la fj; hdug ;SrKh
lf<a wehs@
3' fjk;a ú,lg Tijd f.k hdug fmr bíndg ÿka wjjdo fudkjd o@
4' bínd Tijd f.k hdug fldl=ka fh¥ Wmdh l=ula o@
5' Wäka f.k .sh bíndg lg weÍug isÿ jQfha wehs @
6' Èfha isá bínd kßhdf.a .%yKfhka ñ§ hdug fh¥ Wml%uh l=ula o@

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' l:d jHjydrfha tk my; i|yka fhÿï f,aLk jHjydrhg yrjd

,shkak'
¸' ta yskaod ¸¹' ysia WKd
¸¸' lka § f.k ysáhd ¹' ymkag
¸¸¸' ;kkafka ¹¸' yqÕla yßh
2' fuu l:dfõ Tn is;a .;a wjia:djla ñ;=rl=g úia;r lrk
wdldrh ,shd olajkak'
3' my; i|yka moj,g iudk w¾: fok mo mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'
¸' .eUqr ¹' c,h
¸¸' Wml%uhla ¹¸' bfvdarh
¸¸¸' Yío ¹¸¸' wyf.k ysáhd
¸¹' b.s,af,kjd
4' fï l;dfõ tk Wmud folla Wmqgd olajkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fuu ckl;dj Yío k`.d lshjkak'

2' fuys we;s ixjdo iys; fldgia weiqßka flá kdgHhla r`. olajkak'
3' i;=ka iïnkaO fjk;a ckl;djla fidhd mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

2 Woh isß
ñksid o fiiq i;=ka yd .yfld<" we<fod<" l÷fy,a wdÈh

fuka u fidndoyfï ks¾udKhls' Tyq iajNdjO¾uh ;ukag ßis
mßÈ fjkia lsÍfuka ish .uka uÕ ilia lr .;af;a h' tmuKla
fkd j iajNdjO¾ufhka pu;aldrhla ú£ug o ñksid iu;a fjhs'
ish is;eÕs fidndoyu wkqj ilia jk wdldrh o fidndoyñka
,nk úkaokh" wdiajdoh yd m%fndaOh o wkdjrKh lrñka Tyq
l,d ks¾udKlrKfha fhfohs'
ánegfha islSï m%dka;fha Wm; ,nd ,xldjg ixl%uKh ù Èú
f.jQ islSï uyskao fyj;a weia' uyskao ysñ úis jk ishjfia
isxy, ldjH lafIa;%h fmdaIKh l< f,aLlhka w;f¾ m%uqLhl=
fia ms<s.efka' Wkajykafia úiska rÑ; \Woh isßZ moH mka;sfha
fidndoyfï wdYap¾hfhka ñksia Ôú; m%fndaOj;a jk wdldrh
mejfihs'

msfma fk¨ï ´¨ .fÕa úf,a wef,a
;sfí j,dl=¿ my ù ksf,a fjf,a
fkd fmak f;la wE; uÕ=,a f.hla jf.a
ie§ isákafka o .iq;a je¨;a .¨;a
ksokafk wehs @ fï <ufhda ;j;a Wfoa
keÕS isákakehs w; .d lshkakd fia
cfka,fhka oeka ysre /ia .,d jeà
isö uf.a uQK mqrd Wrd wfyda
msmS .shd jQ .k uQl,ka lef,a
uf,a fldf<a mdg fufia fufia fj;S
fk¨ï l=udÍg lshkakjqka jf.a
úf,a mshdU;a nufrda rerex ..d

Woe,a, yd le;a; lf¾ ;nd ,d
ieye,a¨fjka fndau fomd k.d ,d
oel=ïl¨hs oeka f.dúhd .uka .;a
Wfoa isÍf.a isß bka jeã fõ
iuka fk¨ï yd uyfk,a o frdai
u,ska ke.S wd iqj|;a Wrd î
yukafk fï iS; iq<x w¨;a jQ
mKla È§ fuka ug fï fj,dfõ
kslï b£fuka m, kE f. uq,af,a
;uka ;ukaf.a jefvyS fhfo;ajd
lshkakjqka fuka .k ks,a le,Efõ
w~;a kg;a .ia w;f¾ l=re,af,da
wjfndaOh
lú fm< lshjd my; oelafjk m%Yakj,g mss<s;=re imhkak'

1' lúfha oelafjk mßÈ fk¨ï iy ´¨ u,a msfmkafka fldfya o@
2' úf,ys nureka mshdUkafka fk¨ï l=udßg l=ula lshkakdla fuka o@
3' f.dúhd WoEik ;u j.d ìï lrd .uka lrk wdldrh ,shkak'
4' iS; iq<x yukafka ljr u,aj, iqj| Wrd f.k o@
5' .ia w;f¾ l=re,a,ka kgd wmg fok m‚úvh l=ula o@
6' WoEik wisßh ms<sn|j lú fmf<ka mejfik woyi fláfhka
,shkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fidnd oyu .ek ,shù we;s lú tl;= lr fmd;a msxpla ilia lrkak'

wms lú ,shuq
jeiai ms<sn| ,shù we;s my; oelafjk fþo fol lshjkak'
² ñksidf.a meje;aug j¾Idj w;HjYH h' îug" kEug" frÈ fidaod
.ekSug" j.djg wjYH c,h ,efnkafka j¾Idj ksid h' j¾Idj
fkdue;s jQ l, kshÕ we;s fõ' túg j.d ìï md¿ ù wdydr ysÕ ù
hhs' ñksid we;=¿ ish¨ i;=kag wdydr ke;sj hhs' j¾Idj jeä jQ l,
.xj;=r we;s úh yels h' túg wms úúO wdmod yd mSvdj,g uqyqK
fokafkuq'
² yd;ami mj;sk wkaOldrh" úÿ,s t<sh" wl=Kq y~ jeiail fmr
ksñ;s h' l=re,af,da leo,s lrd blaukska mshdU;s' fyda y~ <Õ <Õ
u wefihs' l%ufhka jeys ì÷ jy,l m;s;j ìug jefghs' iS;,
isßfmdo .; ls,sfmd<d hhs' f.a jgd wefok Èh oyrj, md lrkakg
wms lvodis Tre iEÿfjuq' uy jeiafia f;ó kgkakg isf;ys uy;a
wdYdjla mek kef.;;a wïudf.ka Bg wjirhla ke;' È.= kshÕlg
miqj jisk jeiafika wjg ìï o W;=rd hhs' ta olsk wfma is;a o
i;=áka W;=rd hhs'
by; fþo fol u ,shd we;af;a jeiai ms<sn|j h' tfy;a m<uqjk
fþohg jvd fjkila fojk fþofhys we;s nj Tng oefkkakg we;'
m<uqjk fþoh jeiai ms<sn| jd¾;djl iajrEmfhka ,shjqKls'
fojk fþoh jeiafiys iqkaor;ajh ms<sn|j ks¾udKd;aulj ,shjqKls'
tys NdIdj Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh ;rula fjkia h'
jeiai .ek ,shd we;s lú o we;' my; oelafjkafka jeiai .ek ,shd
we;s tn÷ lúhls' ^rplhd - uy.u fialr&
jeiai jf.a wdldfika jyskak ux wdihs
j;=r jf.a jeõ ú,aj, msfrkak ux wdihs
,sheÈ Èf.a tfyka fufyka .,kak ux wdihs
<má f.dhï o¨;a tlal kgkak ux wdihs
by; fþo fol lshjk úg oefkk ñysrg jvd jeä ñysrla lúh
lshjk úg wmg oefka' tu lúfha iEu mohla u tl u wl=rlska
wjika ù we;' th t<s iuh jYfhka ye¢kafõ' ‘Woh isß’ lú fmf<ys
t<s iuh ke;s lú o we;s nj Tng jegfykq we;'

jd¾;djl fyda ,smshl fyda ke;s ;d,hla lúhg we;' lúh lshjkafka
;d,hlg h' jeiai .ek ,shd we;s by; lúfha mo .<md we;s wdldrh yd
;d,h .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' fun÷ ir, lú Tng o ks¾udKh
l< yels h' ta i|yd fmd; m; lshjd ,nk oekqu fuka u mo .e<mSfï
yelshdj o ;sîu wjYH fõ' ks;r ks;r lú lshùfuka ,sùfuka lú
ks¾udKh lsÍfï yelshdj jeäÈhqKq ùug bjy,a fõ' tl u lúh jqj o
kej; kej; ilia lr ,sùfuka jvd;a fyd| lú ìys fõ' hï lsis
ud;Dldjla ms<sn|j Tfí is;g tk yeÕSï ish,a, lvodishl igyka
lr .kak' miqj jvd;a u WÑ; jpk .e<fmk mßÈ fhdokak' Tn w;ska
ñysß lúhla ,shefjkq we;'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk lúj, wvq mo ,shkak'

lsß ue‚flf. álsß yskd
jeys j;=rg tl;= jqKd
.fï jejg f.dia jegqKd
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wyfia ;re È,sfikjd
y| udud keÕ tkjd
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iq<Õla ù isis, fokak ux yß wdihs
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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2' Tn leu;s ud;Dldjla$f;audjla f;dard f.k lú 2la ks¾udKh
lrkak'
² Tn ,shQ lú Tfí ñ;=rd$ñ;=ßh iu. yqjudre lr f.k Tyqf.a$wehf.a
woyi ,nd .kak' ta wkqj lúh kej; ilia lrkak'
² Tn ,shQ lú" mka;sh bÈßfha .dhkd lrkak'
² Tn we;=¿j mka;sfha ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka úiska ks¾udKh l< lú tl;=
lr ks¾udK ix.%yhla ilia lrkak'

3 Öfpx pq,f`.x huq lsß kEfkda
YS% ,xldfõ wdÈjdiSka f,i ie,flkafka w;S;fha isg wm
rfÜ úiQ jeÈ ckhd h' bkaÈhdfõ isg meñ‚ úch l=uref.a
iy ta wjÈfha ,xldfõ úiQ l=fõ‚ keue;s hlaI f.da;%sl
l=udßhf.a orejka jQ Ôjy;a: yd Èid,d hk fofokdf.ka
jeÈ ckhd mej; tk nj fndfyda fokdf.a woyi fjhs' úis
jk ishji wdrïNh f;la u uq¿ukska u jk.; Ôú;hla
.; l< jeÈ ckhd fï jk úg wi,ajeis isxy, yd fou<
.ïj, ckhd yd ñY% ù Tjqkaf.a iudc pdß;% yd Ôjk rgd
wkq.ukfhka fjkiaùïj,g ,laj we;' jeÈ ckhd ms<sn|j
ã' Ô' fi,s.audka yd ífrkavd fi,s.audka hk úfoaYSh úoaj;=ka
fuka u kkaofoaj úfÊfialr" mS'î' ó.ial=Uqr hk foaYSh
úoaj;=ka o m¾fhaIKd;aul .%ka: ,shd we;' wd¾'t,a' iamsÜ,a
ffjµjrhd jeÈ ckhd iu. fjfiñka ,;a w;aoelSï
ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO iajrEmfhka ,shd ;eî h' fï mßÉfþoh
ffjµ wd¾' t,a' iamsÜ,a ,shQ Vanished Trails lD;sfha isxy,
mßj¾;kh jk uelS .sh ovux lD;sfhka ^mßj¾;l ta' mS'
.=Kr;ak& Wmqgd .;a;ls'
\\'''ììf,a uvl,mqj w;r mer‚ jeÈ rg jYfhka ye¢kajqK fldgfia
j¾. lSmhl jeoaokaf.ka ñY%j oekg b;sßj isák ál fokd jQ fï
jeoafoda fuf;la úiQ .,a f.h yer uÕg neiafida h' wdrlaId úrys;
ks¾NS; olaI fï l=vd msßfia tl u wdrlaIl wdhqOh jQfha Tjqkaf.a u
ffojh hs'
Èjhsfka wksl=;a ñksiqkag w;S; l;djla muKla jQ ñksia ixy;sfha
w;m,af,ka jegqK fï jeÈ msßfia o¾Ykh b;d È<s÷ tlla ù h' fï
uq¿ msßfia u we÷ï tlg tla l< úg idudkH le,Eno .ul tla
ñksil= w¢k ;rfï frÈ ms<s tys fkd ù h' fï lvud¨ len,s bK
ojgd .;a fudjqkaf.a YÍr WKqiqïj ;nd .ekSug YS;, rd;s% ld,j, §
Tjqkag ,enqfKa wjq¿jd .;a .sks ue,fha WKqiqu u muKls'
fï uq¿ msßfia u wdrlaIdjg yd wdydr imhd .ekSug;a Tjqka w;r wdhqO
jYfhka ;snqfKa fmdrfud,df.a ÿkak yd B;, yh;a" ^fï B;,hla
úo yeßh úg fudk fjfyila ord fyda kej; fidhd .kS&' fmdrj;a"
oeka lhsrd yd .ud o wdvïnrfhka lr .kakd f.k hk fvdka.d yd
fõ,d o i;= j ;=nqK fmdfrda flá folla muKls' fudjqkaf.a m%Odk
wdrlaId úê jQfha kmqre i;=ka yuq jQ úg iuQy jYfhka fõ.fhka lE
.Eu yd uka;% lshd lE .Eu;a j,iqka jeks i;=ka myr fokag tk úg
.iaj,g keÕ .ekSu;a muKls' jeoaoka .,a f.h yer hk fï iufha
jk fmfoig bvjrh mj;sk" tfyhska u jk i;=ka ovhfï fhfok
ld,h hs' ;u msßfia jdihg ;ekla fidhd hdug jvd jkfha m%udo
fjñka hdug fmdrfud,d bgd .;af;a tfyhsks' fudjqkaf.a msßfia
jeä fokd l=vd <uhska jQ fyhska msßfia .uk b;d fiñka ù h' uq,a
ojfia ie;mqulg jvd ÿr .uka lf<a ke;' n,k ;,dj miq l< msßi
f;dg Tfha w;a;la jQ lr|e;af; we< bjqf¾ je,s;,djg msúisfha h'
fu;ek ;djld,sl kej;Sulg b;d iqÿiq o¾YkSh ia:dkhla ù h'
fuys jQ .,auefoa j< kï Èh j< fï ku ,enqfõ th úYd, .,a folla
w;r msysgd ;sîu ksid h' .,auefoa j< Èh lä;s follska hqla; úh'
fuys l=vd uiqka fmrf<ñka isákq olakg ,eîu jeoaokaf.a i;=gg
fya;= úh' ueÈ oj,a ie~ ysre /iska ., r;a ù thska ., wi, u jQ
l=vd Èh jf<a Èh o r;aj ;=nqK fyhska tys jQ l=vuiaiq lsishï bjlska
isys,a Èh we;s .eUqre Èh j<la kqÿßka we;s nj oek thg mek .kakd
woyiska Èh lä;s fol w;r jQ wä y;rla muK jQ .,a;,a,h u;g
jßka jrg mekafkda h' fuhska jeä yßhla l=vuiqka WKqiqï .,a
;,fha tyd fuyd mek ñh .sh w;r ;j;a iuyfrla wdmiq ;ud yqka
Èh lvg u mek .;af;da h' jvd jdikdj;a ál fofkla muKla
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ mßÈ uy Èh j<g mek .;af;da h'
fudfyd;la fj,d Èh j< foi n,d isá fmdrfud,d .ud yd lhsrd
wu;d “.ud" lhsrd fï l=vuiqkag jy ;<dmshõ” hhs lSfõ h' Tjqka
ue<slï mdkq ÿgq fya “yksl" yksl" n,d bkag l,a kE' wm yeu u
nv.skafka” hhs Tjqka Wkkaÿ lf<a h'''
'''“jfrka lhsrd” lshñka .ud biair ù jkh foig hkag jQ w;r
fmdrfud,d lyg fmd;= úgla iemSug we< bjqf¾ weK nd .;af;a h'
jkhg .sh fld,af,da ál fõ,djlska u wdmiq meñ‚fhda h' Tjqka
fofokd w; u ßhkla muK È. w;aoKavla muK uy; je,a lene,af,la
ne.ska ù h' fï mqiaje,a len,s h' f.kd je,a len,s ., u; ;nd

fmdfrda nkafoka ;e¿E Tjqyq tAjd Èhg nyd l,;kag jQy' inka fmK
jeks fmK nqnq¿ thska u;= jkag ù h' kej; kej; fï je,a len,s
.f,a .iñka Èfhys le,;+ Tjqyq l=vd uiqka u;a ù Èh u; fmrf<k
;=re n,d isáhy' ál fõ,djlska u;a jQ l=vuiaiq Èfha md fjkag jQy'
tfy;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ ;ru l=vuiqka Tjqkag fkd ,eì‚'
“fïl tl lglg;a uÈfka@ fudlo lrkafk@” fmdrfud,d uiqka
foi n,d lSfõ h'
“wmg l=l=reuqjka f.ä álla lvd .kag we;akïæ” lhsrd iqiqï ,Efõ h'
“tfykï .syska fydhdf.k jfr,a,d' wms fufyu bkakï'” fld,af,da
kej; jkhg .sfhda h'
jeä fõ,d fkd f.dia u Tjqkag l=l=reuqjka .ila yuq úh' fmar f.ä
fuka yevh yd uy; o we;s b§ ly meyej .sh fï f.ä yqÕla
fmd¨j,ska .id lvd .;a jeÈ megjq fofokd wdmiq Èh j< lrd
wjq;a fï f.ä ;<d Èh jf<a oud l,;kag jQy' fï jr Tjqkag jeä
fõ,djla n,d isákag fkd ù h' f,dl= f,dl= l=vuiaiq ?ka ?ka u;a
ù Wv u;= ù nvme;a; fmr<S md fjkag jQy' fuys § Tjqkag uiqka
rdYshla w,a,d .; yels jQ kuq;a cd;s lSmhlg wh;a jQ fï uiaiq wÕ,a
;=k y;rlg jvd È. fkd jk lgq nyq, uiaiq jQy' iqoy .skaof¾ miq
jk jeoaokaf.a nvg jqjukd lrkafka rihg jvd wdydr m%udKh jk
fyhska th Tjqkag fyd| wdydrhla úh'
fld¨mexpka l=vuiqkag jy ;<k w;r ;ksj jkhg .sh fmdrfud,d
ó jo foll=;a uerE ;,f.dfhl=;a oE;ska f.k wdmiq meñ‚fha
fld,a,ka lr ;snqK iu;alu .ek Tjqka meiiqfõ h'
Èk folla fu;ek kej;S isá fudjqyq we< Èf.a .uka fldg fï we<
f;dg Thg iïnkaO jk ;ekg meñ‚fhda h' fndv.y j< kñka
okakd uy Èh j<la fï Th bjqf¾ úh' fu;ek l,ska ;=nqK úYd,
fndv.yla ksid Èh j<g fï kï we;sj ;=nQ kuq;a tA uy .y fuúg
tys fkd ù h' l,lg fmr ueÍ .sh tA .y fjkqjg Wig jegqK l=Uqla
.yla yd wegU .yla o fuys úh'''
'''Th bjqf¾ fndr¨ iys; ìfuys .eyekqka iy <uhska o /|jQ
fmdrfud,d Èh lfâ wk;=reodhl fldgi foig fkd hk f,i
Tjqkag wjjdo fldg .ud yd lhsrd o legqj jkhg .sfha h'

fï Èh j< .eUqre h' f,dl= uiaiq o fndfyda fj;s' tfyhska mqiaje,a fyda
l=l=reuqjka f.ä fyda ;<d oeóu m%udKj;a fkd fõ' fuys l=vuiqka
u;a lsÍug jvd ier fohla wjYH h' tfia u nd.hg u;a ù Wv mSkk
f,dl= uiqka úo urd .ekSug l=vd ÿkq yS o wjYH fjhs' fudjqka fï
jkhg .sfha tlS foa imhd f.k tAug h'
m<uqfldg u Tjqyq ÿkq ySj,g jqjukd lrk W,aflkao fyda .egje,a
fidhd .sfhda h' tAjdhska ÿkq yS fol u ;kd .ekSug Tjqkag yels
fjhs' fldagq lmd B;,uqfKka iei isyska lr B ;kd .kakd ,È' .ud
yd lhsrd o fmdrfud,df.a olaIlï mrojkag fuka wk,iaj l%shdYS,Sj
fï jefâ fhÿfKda h' ÿkq ,S myla lmd kq. wr¿ mÜgdj,ska ;ekQ
ÿkqÈfhka .eg .ik ,È - msydgq ke;s B o~q fod<yla W,a fldg ;kd
.kakd ,È' ú;a lE uil= Bh;a weo f.k .eUqrg .sh fyd;a W! weo
.ekSu ms‚i tl tl B .i fl<jf¾ È. mÜgd ,kqjla .eg .id th
ÿkq fl<jrg iïnkaO lrk ,È' <Õl isg jqj o fi,fjk hula
flf¾ fkd jer§ ú§ug mqyqKqjla wjYH h' fï wjYH mqyqKqj .udg
yd lhsrdg o ,nd fok fmdrfud,d l=vuil= fjkqjg t,ajQ fld<hlg
t,a,h n,d ú§ug mqyqKq lrjQfha h'
l=vuiqka u;a lrjk fnfy; i|yd .,a w;r jefjk o¿la .ia fidhd
ie;mqï foll muK ÿrla .uka lsÍug Tjqkag isÿ úh' lsß .ekSu
i|yd Tjqka úiska l< hq;=j ;=nqfKa o¿la .fia fmd;a; lSm m<lska
lmd háka ,nq legh w,a,d isàu muKls' lsßj,ska fmdfydi;a o¿la
.i fufia lemQ úg W,am;lska Èh tkakdla fuka È.g u lsß jEiafihs'
lSm jrla fufia lsÍfuka o¿la lsfrka ,nq legh mqrjd .ekSug jeä
fõ,djla .; fkd fõ'
fudjqka uiqka u;a lrùug hk fï Èh jf<a tla me;a;lska Èh msg ù
.,d hk fyhska Tjqka ouk u;a øjHh t;ekska msgj fkd hk fia
weúßh hq;= úh' jvd .eUqre ke;s fldgi je,s iQrd frdla lr jeáhla
ne| .ekSfuka tfia l< yels úh' tfy;a tys u|la .eUqre fldgfia
bks isgqjd w;=ßls,s oud jeáhla ne£ug Tjqkag isÿ úh'
fï ish¨ lghq;= bjr jQ miq fmdrfud,d o¿la lsß msrjQ ,nq legh
w;ska f.k j< jgd hñka th Èh u;=msg bysrjkag ù h' Èh u;=msg jQ
w÷re ks,a meyeh lsß meye úh' thska miq Tjqyq yeu fok ÿkq yS f.k
oKu;la Èhg nei u;aùug fmr mek hk uiqka /lSug ;eka ;ekaj,

isg .;ay' uq,ska u ji ñY%Kfha bj oekqK lgq fm;sfhda jf<ka
mek Èh myr Èf.a hkag W;aidy .ksñka Èfhka mekafkda h' tfy;a
fld< w;=jeáh Wv jegqKq fï uiaiq wdmiq Èh j<g u mekafkda h'
iuyr l=vuiaiq je,af,ka l< l=vd jeáh mek myiqfjka .e,ù .shy'
iqÿ mdg nv we;s tla lgqfm;s j¾.hlf.a mek hdug ndOd fkdlf<a
ñksiqkag úI we;s ul=¿f.ä lEug m%sh lrk fï uiqka ñksiqkaf.a
wdydrhg kqiqÿiq fyhsks'
fmdrfud,df.a ìß| jQ l¿E o ÿkqjdhkag tla jQ kuq;a fvdka.df.a
jekaoUqj je,sjeáfhka Èh nei hdug ;ekla lvd yer t;ek oK
.id f.k ;ud ye|f.k yqka l=vd frÈlv wjqrd t;ekska mek hkag
wd l=vd uiqka /ila u tl;= lr .;a;S h' úI we;s fmáhka wE jgd
mek .sh kuq;a ´ f;dfuda Tjqka .Kklg fkd .;a;d h'
fï w;r fmdrfud,d yd fld¨ megjq fofokd o ÿkq w;ska f.k
u;a ù tyd fuyd mSkk uiqka ú§u mgka .;ay' fmdrfud,df.a Bhla
jer§ .sfha l,d;=rlsks' fya tl uil= Bfhka uqod bK ne| f.k isá
je,amfÜ wuqKd bjr jkjd;a iu. u ;jll= úoafoa h' .ud fyda lhsrd
fyda tfia uiqka ú§ug iu;a fkd jQy' Tjqkaf.a b,lalh jer§ .sfha
h' miqj fmdrfud,d Tjqka fofokd ;uka <Õg le|jd ;ud úÈk yeá
yd b,lalh fkd jer§ .kakd ieá o fmkajd ÿkafka h'
yeu úg u wksldg jvd olaIhl= jQ .ud uq,ska u f,dl= uil= úoafoa h'
;ud úo yeßh Bh je,af,a wefkkq fjkqjg Èh /<s w;r l=U .ila
fuka fl,ska isg kgd hkq ÿgq .ud tys fl<jrg .eg .id ;=nqK
mÜgd ,kqfjka weo th uE;a fldg .;af;a h' th f,dl= Æ,l=f.a
wefÕys weñŒ ;sì‚' Æ,d b;d u rij;a l=vuiaid fjhs' .ud m%S;sfhka
lE .Efõ h' wksla jeoafoda .ud yd tl;=j m%S;sh m%ldY lsÍug lE
.Efjda h' lhsrdg w; yqre lr .ekSu m%udo úh' tfy;a yjia jk úg
l¿E fuka u lhsrd o je,af,a f.dv .eiS ;=nqK l=vuiqka f.dv ;r
lsÍug Wmldr jQfjda h'
fuys § w,a,d .;a uiaiq wÕ,a yhla wgla Èla jQfhka .,auefoa l=vd
jf<ka we,aÆ uiqka fuka m%udKfhka fo.=Khla muK f,dl= jQy'
tfy;a Èh lä;s fofla § u w,a,d .kq ,enqfõ tl u j¾.j, uiaiq h'
fuys jQ uiqka w;r Æ,a¨ yd ysßlKfhda o rij;a uiaiq jQy' fmáfhda"
ldjhsfhda" oKaä" yqxf.da" u.=frda" wdkaÿ" fld<lKhs yd ;s;a;fhda o

tys isáhy' ,xldfõ ñßÈh lvj, jik fldhs j¾.fha l=vuiaiq;a fï
.eUqre Èh lfâ úiqfjda h' .xj;=rla wd úg fudjqyq jf<ka msg ù Èh
myr;a iu. fjk;a ;eka lrd h;s'
tod wiq jQ uiqkaf.ka fldgila ¨Kq" ñßia yd fld<j¾. o oud ;ïnd lE
Tjqyq b;sß uiqka f.dv l=vd ueis msg ;nd u| .skafka úh<d .;af;da h'
miqj od Wofha fï Èh jf<a ueÍ mdfjñka isá l=vd uiqka b;d ál
fokl= yereK úg Èhj<g jy ;<d oeuQ njg wksla lsis u ,l=Kla
tys fkdù h' .eUqf¾ isák f,dl= uiqkag lsis u ysßyerhla isÿ ù
fkdue;' tf;la fkd j b;d l=vd uiqka o fkd .eUqre Èfha tyd fuyd
mSkñka rxpq .eiS isákq olskakg ,eîu mqÿu iys; lreKla ù h'
w,a,d .;a uiqka yd w, o fjkia fjkia f,i ms<sfh, fldg lñka
jeoafoda fu;ek Èk ;=kla .; lf<da h' Ôj;a ùfï iaÓr mokula
ke;sj isákd ksid fudfyd;lg w;S; Ôú;h isyshg tk kuq;a oeka
kej;;a Tjqyq miq.sh od jQ ÿla lror wu;l lr oeuQ" m%S;su;a mjq,l
jeoafoda jQy'
fndv.y j< wk;=reodhl ;ekls' .eUqf¾ ieÕù isák lsUq,ka yereK
úg fï wy,l fï ld,hg wksla Èh j<la b;sßj ke;s fyhska rd;s%
ld,fha yeu j¾.hl u jki;a;= Èh îug fuys meñfK;s'
uyjkh rd;%s ld,fha Ydka; fyda ksYap, fyda fkd fõ' l,n, iys; h'
ojd,g jvd ìhlre h' tfyhska fï msßi yeisreKq fld;ekl § jqj;a
yekaoE hduh <x jk úg kE hl=kag hdÈks lshk fmdrfud,df.a lg
y~ jkfha /õ fokag úh'
rd;%s ld,fha § jßka jr .sks ue,h wjq¿jñka yd jkfha úh<s mr~,d
;ef<k y~ wefik úg w~yer mdñka o fmdrfud,d fndfyda fõ,d
fkd ksod .; lf<a h' iuyr úg fï Yíohka wysxil b;a;Ejl=
jeks i;l= ksid we;s fjhs' Èhlfâ tyd fl<jßka Èh îug tk
Èúhd tkafka ksYaYíoj fkd oefkk fia h' y| we;s tla /hl l=vd
we;a /<la tys meñK fmdrfud,df.a w~ ;e<Su .Kklg fkd f.k
Èhjf<ys ,e. isáfha h' oeka fu;ek yer hd hq;= fj,dj hhs túg
fmdrfud,d is;d .;af;a h'”

jeÈ ckhd úfgl ìß| fuka u orejka o iu. ovhfï h;s' fuys
oelafjkafka mdkaoßka ovhfï hEug iQodkï jk jeÈ mqreIhd ish
ìß| wjÈ lrjd lshk .S;hls' uydpd¾h iq.;md, o is,ajdf.a oUdfka
jeÈ ni ^1964& lD;sfhka fuh Wmqgd .kakd ,È'
f;k f;Èkd kd f;Èkd fka n, $$
pmamS p,ms,s lShk ldg $$
t,sú,s mxú, jekakõ kEfka$$
hkakg ksÈ lsñÈh lsß kEfka$$
W!fvx hkak;a fnd,a msks neß kx $$
îfux hkak;a fnd,a msks neß kx
ÿkak ms,djg jr lsß kEfka$$
ÿkak ms,dfõ hkak;a neß kx$$
B;,a wjqrg jr lsß kEfka$$
B;,a wjqf¾ hkak;a neß kx $$
Öfpx pq,f`.x huq lsß kEfka $$
fï jeÈ ck .Sfhys w¾:h my; mßÈ oelaúh yels h'
f;k f;¢kd ''''$$
l=re,a,ka .S .hkafka ldgo $$
t<s fj,d myka fj,d jf.hs $$
.uk hkakg kskafoka wjÈ ù tkak $$
fnd,a msks ksid Wäx hkag;a neß kï$$
fnd,a msks ksid ìñka hkag;a neß kï$$
ÿkak ms,djg tkak$$
ÿkak ms,dfõ hkak neß kï B;, wyqrg tkak$$
B;, wyqf¾ hkag;a neß kï iS;, iq<fÕa myi ú¢ñka huq $$
wjfndaOh
1' jeoaokaf.a È<s÷ nj jvd;a fyd¢ka lshefjk mdGh Wmqgd

olajkak'
2' .,auefoa j< yd fndv.y j< Èh lä;sj,g tu kï ,eîug fya;=
myokak'
3' l=vuiaiq w,a,d .ekSug jeoaoka fh¥ Wml%u fudkjd o@
4' l=vuiqkag wu;rj Tjqka tl;= lr.;a fjk;a wdydr j¾. fudkjd o@
5' Tjqka k;r ù isá ia:dkfhka bj;a ù hdu iqÿiq nj fmdrfud,d
;SrKh lf<a l=ula ksid o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

¸' nv.skak -
¸¸' iduQyslj -
¸¸¸' Nhdkl -
¸¹' iómhg -
¹' WoEik -
2' my; i|yka moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo ,shkak'
¸' È<s÷ -
¸¸' WKqiqu -
¸¸¸' .eUqre -
¸¹' ksYap, -
¹' mS%;sh -
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' jeÈ ckhd ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla ilikak'
2' jeÈ ck .Sh iduQyslj .dhkd lrkak'
3' my; ,nd § we;s ud;Dld w;ßka tlla ms<sn| jdlH rpkhla
,shkak'
¸' jeoaokaf.a Ôjk rgdj
¸¸' úúO ck fldgiaj, isß;a úß;a
¸¸¸' iajdNdúl mßirh yd ne÷Kq wdÈjdiSyq
ud;Dldkql+, l;d
ksYaÑ; ud;Dldjg wkql+, jk mßÈ l;djla meje;aùu ud;Dldkql+,
l;d f,i y÷kajhs' ;ukag ,nd § we;s ud;Dldj ksrjq,aj iy mßmQ¾Kj
wjfndaO lr .ekSu" l;dj uekúka ixúOdkh lr .ekSu l;dfõ
id¾:l;ajh i|yd jeo.;a fõ' tys § ud;Dldfõ iEu wxYhla flfrys u
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h' l;dfõ uq, ueo iy w. uekúka ixúOdkh
lr .ekSu l;djl id¾:l;ajhg fnfyúka n,mdhs'
1' úúO ck fldgiaj, pdß;% jdß;%
2' mßir ys;ldó Ôjk rgdjlg yqre ùfï jeo.;alu
3' W.;ukd Ys,amhuhs - u;= /flkd
4' Tjd fokq mryg - ;ud iïuf;ys msysgd isg
5' lshùfï w.h
iqn me;=ï m;a
iqn me;Su fyj;a fi;a me;Su i|yd fuka u i;=g m%ldY lsÍu i|yd
o iqn me;=ï m;a heùfï iïm%odhla wo wm w;r mj;S' Ôú;fha jeo.;a
wjia:d fia u ieureï" ch.%yK m%uqLj úúO wruqKq fjkqfjka fï iqn
me;=ï m;a ilia flf¾'
Wmka Èkh" újdyh" újdy ixj;air" kj jirg wdisß me;Su" k;a;,"
fjila wdÈ úfYaI W;aij ieuÍug fuka u úNd." ;r. wdÈfhka ,;a
ch.%yK iy ;k;=re Wiia ùï jeks wjia:dj, § Y=NdYxikd;aul
m‚jqv hefjhs' ;j o" /lshdfjka úY%du hdu" úfoaY.; ùï muKla
fkdj frda.S wjia:dj, § blauka iqjh m;d o fi;a m;d hefjk wjia:d
fndfyda h' ta wkqj iqn me;=ï m;a ieliSfï § ie,lsh hq;= úfYaI
lreKq ljf¾ oehs n,uq'
³ iqn me;Sfï ksñ;a;$wod< lreK i|yka úh hq;= h'
³ iqn me;=ï m; fuka u tys ,shefjk iqn me;Sfï igyk o jvd;a
wdl¾IŒh NdId ffY,shlska ks¾udKd;aul f,i f.dkq lr .ekSu
jeo.;a h'

³ tu igyk ixlaIsma; úh hq;= w;r w;sYh yDohx.u úh hq;= u h'
³ ta i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk NdId ffY,sh hjk wh yd ,nkakd w;r
we;s iïnkaOh wkqj o fjkia úh yels h'
³ ld úiska ljqreka fj; o hkak meyeÈ,sj i|yka úh hq;= h'
fï wkqj Tng ,eî we;s úúO iqn me;=ï m;a lshjd n,kak' my;
fmkajd § we;s wdo¾Y o iqn me;=ï m;la ilia lsÍfï § Tng u.
fmkaùula jkq we;'
ksoiqka(- wka;¾ úoHd,hSh u,, lS%vd ;r.fhka ch ,enQ Tfí mka;sfha u

ñ;=rl=g ,shQ iqn me;=ula

cfhka ch fõjd æ
wfmau fidhqre ú¥Ikag
fl<s ìfuys fkdnd mE

ta Wmka ymkalï
ujq ìu;a - mdi,;a
nen<ù ls;a hiska
Tfí Èß fomhska u
keÕS fyg tla is;ska
Èkkakg uq¿ rgla
uq¿ f,djla ch f.diska
,efíjd fkl jrï
m;uq wms ks;s ;=áka


ke.‚hg hefjk Wmka Èk iqn me;=ula
iqn Wmka Èkhla u fõjdæ

wo/;s ke.‚h iqkdß fj;"
2015 cqks ui 23 odg
oi jirla mqrk
Tng
i;=áka" fifkyiska msreKq
iqn u iqn Wmka Èkhla
iy
jdikdjka; wkd.;hlg iqn me;=ï'''
Tfí u wdorŒh wlaldf.ka
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk wjia:d w;ßka folla f;dard Bg iqÿiq iqn me;=ï m;a
ilia lrkak'
³ f,dal .=re Èkh fjkqfjka mka;s Ndr .=re;=ñhg
³ /lshdfjka úY%du hk úÿy,am;s;=udg
³ Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd úfoaY.; jk whshdg
³ ksfrda.s iqjh m;d ;u uq;a;Kqjkag
³ 21 fjks Wmka Èkh iurk jeäuy,a fidfydhqßhg
fm!oa.,sl ,sms
ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fï ;dla ÿrg jHdma; ùug fmr l,la w;sYhska

ckms%hj ;snQ ,sms ,sùu tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wog;a wmg m%fhdackj;a fõ'
tfyhska fm!oa.,sl ,smshla hkq l=ula oe hs hkak;a ta ,sms ,sùfï §
jeo.;a jk lreKq ljf¾ oe hs hkak;a i,ld n,uq'

;u mjqf,a wfhl=g" ys; ñ;%d§kag fyda fm!oa.,slj oek y÷kd .;a whg
fyda fjk;a ljr mqoa.,hl=g fyda fm!oa.,sl wjYH;d fyda fm!oa.,sl
iïnkaO;d u; fyda hjk ,sms fm!oa.,sl ,sms fõ'
³ fm!oa.,sl ,smshl"
1' hjkakdf.a ,smskh yd Èkh
2' wdYS¾jdoh
3' wduka;%Kh
4' wka;¾.;h$lreKq
5' wjidkh
hk wx. we;=<;a úh hq;= h'
fm!oa.,sl ,smshl ta ,smsh yqjudre jk fofokdg WÑ; jk fia
wdYS¾jdoh" wduka;%Kh" wjidkh fhÈh hq;= h' ys;j;a ñ;=rl=g"
jeäysáhl=g" m%N+jrhl=g hjk ,smsj, ta ta mqoa.,hdg wkqj by; oelajQ
wx. ;=k o fjkia jk whqre úuid n,kak' ,smsfha lreKq úia;rfha
fyj;a wka;¾.;fha NdId rgdj o ,smsh ,nk mqoa.,hd yd hjkakd
w;r we;s iïnkaOh wkqj fjkia fõ'
ksoiqkla f,i ióm ys;ñ;=rl=g" {d;shl=g ,shk wkaoug jvd ixhuhla
we;s NdId rgdjla wkqj Tfí .=re;=udg fyda fjk;a m%N+jrhl=g ,shk
whqre is;kak'
³ ñ;a;‚hl ish uqkqnqrdg hejQ fï ,smsh lshjd n,kak'
25$2 lkafo f.or"
jg rjqï mdr"
me,auvq,a,'
2015'11'23'
fi;a fõjd æ
wdorŒh iqÿ mq;dg"
biafldaf,a ksjdvq fokak <Õ ksid fï ,smsh ,shkafka i;=gqodhl
wdrxÑhla lshkak' fï wjqreoafo mq;d,j YS% mdfo j¢kak tlal hkjd
lshd ud fmdfrdkaÿjla jqKd u;l o@ uoaÿ kekao,d fï ksjdvqfõ fufy
tk ksid kqjr ndmam,dg;a fufy weú;a hkak ´kE ¨' b;ska" mq;d,d
wdfjd;a wms yefudag u YS% mdfo lreKd lrkak mq¿jks'
ta ksid fï ksjdvqj ,enqKq .uka u wms .ukg msg;a fjuq' wmg ;=ka
irfKa lsh lshd ysfï kÕskak mq¿jks' iS; .Õ=f, kd,d" br fiafj;a
n,,d YS% mdfo jkaokd lruq'
fï ojiaj, fufy yß u iS;,hs' l÷ hdh u óÿfuka jeys,d n,kak
,iaikhs' mq;d,f.a .ukg w¢k we÷ï f.akak lsh,d wïug lshkak'
;d;a;dg;a l,ska u ksjdvq .kak fõú fk' ta ksid wms l,a we;sj iQodkï
fj,d fï .uk huq' b;ska" uf.a mq;dg;a" mq;df.a wïudg;a ;d;a;dg;a
iuka foúhkaf.a msysghs'
fï"
wdorŒh w;a;ïud
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' fuys by; olajd we;s ,smshg iqÿiq ms<s;=re ,smshla fyda Tn leu;s
fjk;a m%lg wd.ñl isoaOia:dkhla lrd hEug wdrdOkd lrñka
Tfí ñ;a;‚hkag ,smshla fyda ,shkak'
WodyrK (- wkqrdOmqrh$ñyska;,h$uvq foajia:dkh$k,aÆ¾ fldaú,
$uqia,sï foajia:dkhla
2' by; ,smsfha oelafjk úrdu ,laIK fudkjd o@
3' my; oelafjk whg ,shk ,smshlg iqqÿiq wduka;%K iy wjidkh
,shd olajkak'
³ ududg ³ wïudg
³ .=re;=ñhg ³ ñ;=rl=g
³ mdif,a úÿy,am;s;=udg
4' fï wjia:dj,ska tlla f;dard ,smshla ,shkak'
³ mdif,kaa ÿr neyer m%foaYhlg udrejla ,nd .sh Tfí isxy,
.=re;=ñhg
³ mdif,a meje;ajqKq ;E.s §fï W;aijh .ek úia;r lrñka
fjk;a mdi,lg wia ù .sh ñ;=rl=g
³ Tfí mdif,a meje;afjk jd¾Isl Ñ;% yd uQ¾;s m%o¾Ykh keröug
meñfKkakehs ñ;=rl=g
³ Tfí ms%h;u rEmjdyskS <ud jevigyk fufyhjk ksfõol
uy;dg fyda uy;añhg
4 wlaIrud,dj yd ms,s

wm l;d lsÍfï § úúO Yío uqúka ksl=;a fjhs' ta Yío ,shd

oelaùu i|yd úúO ixfla; Ndú; flfrhs' tu ixfla; wlaIr
kñka ye¢kafõ' tla NdIdjlg wh;a wlaIr ish,a, tl;= jQ úg
th fydaäh fyj;a wlaIrud,dj hkqfjka kï l< yels h' kQ;k
isxy, wlaIrud,dj iy ms,s ms<sn|j fuu mdvu ilia ù we;'

isxy, wlaIrud,dj

w wd we wE b B
W W! R RD Ì Ì!

t ta ft T ´ T!
^w&x ^w&#
l L . > X Õ
p P c ® [ `c
g G v V K ~
; : o O k |
m M n N u U
h r , j
Y I i y < *

wlaIrud,dj fldgia follg fnfoa'

1' iajr
2' jH[ack

iajr
isxy, wlaIrud,dfõ we;s iajr my; oelafõ'

w wd we wE b B
W W! R RD Ì Ì!
t ta ft T ´ T!
iajrhla Bg kshñ; rEmfhka u ,shkafka jpkhl uq,a Yíoh yeáhg

fhfok wjia:dj, § mu‚' iajr Yío jpkhl ueo fyda w. fhfok
úg tajd jH[ack Yíohla yd tl;= fldg ,shkq ,efí' túg iajrhg
kshñ; rEmh fjkqjg jH[ackhg úfYaI ixfla; lsysmhla tla lr
.efka' ta ixfla;" ms,s hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'
iajr" jpkhl uq, fh§u

w - wïud wd - wd;d
we - weUq,a wE - wE;
b - bjqr B - B;,h
W - Wl=iaid W! - W!rd
R - RcqfldaKh t - tkak
ta - tAoKav ft - ft;sydisl
T - TxÑ,a,dj ´ - ´¨
T! - T!IO

iajr" jpkhl ueo fyda w. fh§u

¾ - W  re Trej T¬¾¬W¬õ¬w
oa - we  oe Woe,a, W¬oa¬we¬,a¬,a¬w
.aa - b  .s .sks .a¬b¬ka¬b

jH[ack

my; oelafjkqfha isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ we;s jH[ack hs'

^w&x ^w&#
l L . > X Õ
p P c ® [ `c
g G v V K ~
; : o O k |
m M n N u U
h r , j
Y I i y < *
iajrhla ;ksj WÉpdrKh l< yels kuq;a jH[ackhla ;ksj WÉpdrKh

lsÍu wmyiq h'

la .a É Ê
fï wlaIr iajrhla iu. fhfok úg WÉpdrKh lsÍu myiq fõ'

la ¬ w  l
.a ¬ w  .
É ¬ w  p
Ê ¬ w  c
iEu jH[ackhla u y,a l< fkd yels h' tfia y,a l< fkd yels
jH[ack my; oelafjhs(

^w&x ^w&#
Õ `c ~ | U
<

by; i|yka lr we;s mßÈ iajr wlaIr" jH[ack wlaIr iu. tl;=
ùfï § th ixfla;j;a flfrk ms,s rdYshla isxy, NdIdfõ olakg
,efí' tA ms,s fufia y÷kd .ksuq'
iajrh fhfok ms,a, ms,af,ys kduh ms,a, wl=rej, fhfok

wdldrh
w ms,a,ula ke; - lúhd" rislhd" .Õ
wd d we,ms,a, ldish" rndk" ukd,sh
we e flá weoms,a, lelsß" jeyefrkjd" meye
wE E È.= weoms,a, lEu" yekaoEj" ?k
b s biams,a, ls;=,a" udmsh" msysá
B S È.= biams,a, lS¾;sh" w§k" YÍr

W = qe flá mdms,a, l=ryka" Wÿïnrd" j.=re
W! + QE È.= mdms,a, l+ôhd" wkQj" rEmh
t f fldïnqj fllal" ief,kjd" fufy

ta fa fldïnqj iy §¾>;aj flala" fïih" ufyaIsldj
i,l=K
ft ff fldïnq fol ffjoH" ffjrh"
ffO¾hh
T fd fldïnqj iy we,ms,a, fldia" fudfyd;" fmd,a
´ f da fldïnqj iy §¾>;aj fldar,h" úfkdaoh"

i,l=K iys; we,ms,a, hy¿fjda
T! f! fldïnqj iy .hkq fl!;=ld.drh" ufy!IO"
ls;a; fN!;sl
R D .egms,a, lDñhd" wuD;h" l¾;D
RD DD .egms,s fol l¾;DDka" Ydia;DDka"

jla;DDka

wjfndaOh
1' iajrhla fydaäfha oelafjk rEmfhka u ,shkafka jpkhl l=uk

ia:dkfha fhfok úg o@
2' y,a l< fkd yels jH[ack wlaIr folla ,shkak'
3' ms,a,lska ixfla;j;a fkd jk iajrh l=ula o@
4' tl u iajrhla ixfla;j;a lsÍug úúO wl=rej,g úúO ms,s Ndú;
flfrk iajr" mdvfï j.=fjka Wmqgd ,shkak'
5' ms,s follg jvd Ndú; lrñka ixfla;j;a lrkafka lskï iajrh
o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' fm< fmdf;a we;s mdvïj,ska iajr uq,g fhfok jpk yd jH[ack
uq,g fhfok jpk oyh ne.ska j.=jl igyka lrkak'
2' my; i|yka wlaIr fhfok jpk fol ne.ska ,shkak'
¸' b
¸¸' W
¸¸¸' R
¸¹' ft
¹' T!
3' my; i|yka ms,s fhfok jpk fol ne.ska ,shkak'
¸' we,ms,a,
¸¸' È.= mdms,a,
¸¸¸' biams,a,
¸¹' fldïnqj iy we,ms,a,
¹' fldïnqj
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Èkm;d m<jk mqj;am;la fyda <ud kjl;djla fyda f;dard f.k
tys we;s ms,s fhfok jpk wkqms<sfj<ska ,shd fmd;a msxpla ilia
lrkak' Tn f;dard .;a ms,a, iys; wlaIrh mdg lrkak'
2' isxy, wlaIrud,dj mka;sh bÈßfha u;lfhka lshjkak'

5 kdu mo yd tys m%fNao
ukqIHhd NdIdj fhdod .kafka ;j;a flkl= iu`. woyia yqjudre
lr .ekSug yd ;ukaf.a ye`.Sï lshd mEug hs' NdIdjla u`.ska
woyia m< lrk tl u i;a;ajhd ukqIHhd h' wksla i;a;= kdoh"
YÍr bßhjq yd .|-iqj| u`.ska woyia yd ye`.Sï m< lr;s' woyila
fyda ye`.Sula lshd mEug ukqIHhdf.a uqfjka msgjk w¾:hla
iys; Yío" mo hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs' fï mo f,aLkfha § wl=re
u`.ska ,shd oelafjhs'
mo j¾. lsysmhls' kdu mo ta w;ßka tlls' mqoa.,hl=" ;ekla"
fohla" .=Khla fyda ;;a;ajhla ke; fyd;a woyila ms<sn|
w¾:hla fokafka kdu mo hs'
tal jpk yd nyq jpk fNaoh" Wla; wkqla; fNaoh yd ,sx. fNaoh
mokï lrf.k kdu mo j¾.SlrKh flfrk wdldrh fuu
mdvfï oelafõ' ta i|yd ksoiqka Wmqgd f.k we;af;a l;kaor
lsysmhlsks'
wkdÈu;a ld,hla mqrd tla;rd jkhl jk i;a;= hy;ska Èú f.jQy'

Tjqyq tflld flfrys ldre‚l jQy¦ ffu;%S iy.; jQy' tfyhska u tA
jkh fnfyúka iduldó úh'
fufia l,la .; fj;a u tys jQ rell wuq;= i;l= jdih lrkafka hehs
rdjhla me;sr .sfha h' fï m‚úvh /f.k wd jk i;d" msßila tla
/ia ù isák iEu úg u fï .ek lshd isákakg úh' fuhska fï mqj;
uq¿ jkh mqrd b;d blaukska m%p,s; jQfha h' i;a;= le,eUqKy' l=ula
l< hq;= oehs Tjqyq fkd o;ay' i;=ka w;ßka jvd;a Wml%uYS,S fia m%lgj
isá kßhdg fï ms<sn| jeäÿr fidhd ne,Sfï ld¾hh mejeß‚' —kßydñ
kqU lmáhd' kqUg mq¿jks fudk úÈhlska yß fï .ek we;a; ;;a;afj
oek .kak˜ Tjqyq lSy' tfy;a" kßhd fmdÿck hym; fjkqfjka ;u
Ôú;h mrÿjg ;eîug iQodkï jQfha ke;'
tAld fï i|yd wmQre ie,eiqula fh§ h' yeu úg u wkqkaf.a ´md¥m
fiùug wdYd l< tla;rd mlaIshl= yg kßhd fï ld¾hh mejÍ h'
—wmQre wuq;= fohla fydhd .;af;d;a kqUg uq¿ lef,a mqrd u lshj lshjd
weúÈ;Els˜ kßhd l=re,a,df.a reÑh j¾Okh jk whqßka l;d fldg
ldßh i|yd W! fmd,Ujd ,S h'
fuhska Woaoduhg m;a tA l=re,a,d o jy jyd wd.ka;=l i;a;ajhd isá
úi,a rel wi,ska mshdUd hkafka" r;a .sks fnda, folla iy wuq;=
Yíohla o tA fld< m;frys we;s nj olskafka h'
fï mqj; weiQ ish¨ i;a;= ìfhka ;e;s .;ay' Tjqyq jyd fï jkh yer
oud hdno jkh fj; ixl%uKh jkakg mgka .;ay' tfy;a" tA úi,a
reflys jdih flf<a r;a weia we;s ;rula f,dl=" wysxil l=re,af,ls'
ysáyeáfha ish¨ i;=ka jkh yer oud msg fjkafka l=ula ksid oehs tA
l=re,a,d mqÿufhka l,amkd flf<a h'
ÿr È. fkd n,d lghq;= l< fyd;a lsishï msßilg ish kscìu mjd
ioyg u wysñ ù hd yels h'
Nhxlr i;a;ajhd
,shkdfvda vdúkaÑf.a Wmud l;d
mßj¾;kh (- ;kQcd O¾umd,
fuu Wmud l;dfjys l¿ lr we;s mo .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² i;a;=" jki;d" Tjqyq hk moj,ska hï flfkl= fyda if;l=
.ek o
² rel" .sksfnda, hk moj,ska hï fohla .ek o
² jkh" kscìu hk moj,ska hï ia:dkhla .ek o
² ìh" Woaoduh hk moj,ska hï iajNdjhla .ek o lshfõ' fïjd
ish,a, kdu mo hs'
kdu mohla hkq l=ula oehs y÷kd .ksuq'
hï flfkl=" i;l=" fohla" ia:dkhla fyda iajNdjhla ye¢kaùug Ndú;
lrk mo" kdu mo hs'
jpk fNaoh
kdu moj, jpk fNaohla mj;S' tal jpk yd nyq jpk jYfhks'
hï kdu mohlska tla whl=" tla fohla" tla ia:dkhla fyda tla
iajNdjhla .ek lshfõ kï tAjd tAl jpk kdu mo hs'
kdu mohlska fndfyda wh" fndfyda foaj,a" fndfyda ia:dk .ek lshfõ
kï tAjd nyq jpk kdu mo hs'

kdu mo
tAl jpk nyq jpk
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' l;dfõ we;s my; oelafjk kdu mo tAl jpk" nyq jpk jYfhka
j.= .; lrkak'
i;a;=" Tjqyq" jkh" rel" rdjh" m‚úvh" jk i;d" kßhd" lmáhd"
Ôú;" tAld" mlaISyq" W!" i;a;ajfhda" fnda," weia" l=re,af,da" ksc ìu'
tAl jpk nyq jpk
2' tAl jpk kdu mo oyhla yd nyq jpk kdu mo oyhla fidhd
,shkak'
3' my; oelafjk kdu mo tAl jpk kï nyq jpk njg o nyq jpk
kï tAl jpk njg o yrjd ,shkak'
^f.dúhd" lïlrefjda" kS;s{hd" ñkskafodarefjda" j÷rd" n,af,da"
n<,d" bífnda" f,akd" ksjdih" .ia" iÕrdj" mqgqj" rEmjdysksh"
mdi," fNdackd.drh" úYajúoHd,h" mka;s ldurh" wdh;kh&
tAl jpk nyq jpk

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fuu Wmud l;dfõ we;s kdu mo ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq

lrñka lshjkak'
2' ;j;a fujeks l;djla fidhd tys tk kdu mo ,l=Kq lrkak'
fmr tla rfclayg mq;%fhla jQfha h' tA mq;% f;fï ovhug m%sh
we;af;a úh' rc ýg ovfl<s ms‚i fkdfhla úg wjir ÿkafka h'
t;l=ÿ jqj;a ks;r u mq;= legqj hdug uy weu;syg wK lf<a h' tla
Èfklays rc l=ur f;u ovhug .sfha h' ovhfuys § ovhïlrejka
úiska uqfjl= mekakQ l=, l=ur f;fï uy weu;s ;ud wkqj tkafka h
hs is;d ;o we,afuka uqfjl= ÿqn|jd .;af;ka msßif.ka bj;aj hkag
jk' u. fidhd .; fkd yS uy weu;syq lrd kej; Bug ;e;a lf<a rg
f;dg fkd o;a neúka fndfyda wE; uq<dj weúoafoa h'
fufia wiqmsáka hoa§ fndfyda fia y~ y~d yqka rEm fYdaNdfjka hq;a
ldka;djla wÈiaisfhka ýg iïuqL jQjd h' l=ur f;fï wiq kj;ajd
wEf.ka wikqfha"
“;S ljfrla o@ l=ula fyhska fuys yqol,dj isákakS o@ lskï fohla
.ek w~kakS oe”hs weiS' túg ´f;dfuda W;a;r fokakS"
“uu jkdys Ndr; foaYfha ^bkaÈhd& rcl=f.a ÿjlañ' uu wiqmsg keÕS
u|mjka yuk fõf,ys ksÈnrj wiqmsáka jegqfKñ' wiaf;fï Èj.;'
W!g l=ula ù oehs fkd oksñ”hs lSjd h'
;reK l=ur f;fï wE flfrys lreKdfjka ;u msámiska wiqmsg ys÷jhs
lSh' ´f;dfuda o i;=áka tfia l<d h'
fufia tfofok crdjdi jQ f.hla miqlr hoa§ ldka;dj wiqmsáka niskq
leue;af;ñ hs lSjdh' l=ure wiq keje;a jQ úg ´f;dfuda iqj fia ìug
neiaid h' fyf;fï o nei w;ska wiq w,ajdf.k tA crdjdi f.h lrd
t<ôfha h' ldka;dj jkdys"
“orefjks i;=gq fjõ' f;dmg reje;s ;reK fh!jkhl= f.kdñ”hs lS l,
tnia weiQ l=ur f;fï fl;rï úiauhg meñ‚fha oehs Tn jykafiag is;sh
yelafla h' orefjda o tnig W;a;r foñka"

“uE‚fhks fyf;u fld;ekays o@ wmg fndfyda laIqOd we;s neúka
oeka u Tyq luq˜ hhs lSjdy'
rc l=ur f;fï ;uyg isÿfjkag tk wka;rdh weiQ fohska oek.;'
Ndr; foaYfha rc flfkl=f.a ÿfjlañ hs lS ldka;dj úfõl ia:dkhkays
fjfiñka oyia .Kka udhïj,ska u.Ska w,ajd lk rdlaIihl=f.a
Nd¾hdjle hs l=ur f;fï oek fndfyda ìhm;aj jyd u wiq msg
ke.S.;'
‘rc ÿfjlañ’hs lS lmá ldka;dj tA fõf,ys u wjq;a" f.dÿre fldg .;a
l=ure hkag ieriqK neõ oel uqr.d lshkakS"
“l=urejks" lsis úgl ìh fkdjj' kqU ljfrla o@ kqU ljrl=
fidhkafkys o@” lSjd h'
“uu jkdys uxuq<d jQfhñ' u. fidhd .kag W;aidy lrñ”hs fyf;u
lSh' tnig ´f;dfuda lshkakS"
“kqU uxuq<d jQfhys kï foúhka jykafiag ndr jj" túg Wkajykafia
kqfò úm;ska kqU uqok fiale hs” lSjd h'
túg l=ur f;fï iaj¾.h foig fk;a Tijd" tfia lS blaì;s Isy¾idÈ"
“rÊcqrejka jykai" myka fõf.k tk neúka l:dj keje;aúh hq;= h”hs
lSjd h'
túg Èk¾idÈ f;dfuda"
“tA ;reK l=ureyg l=ula jQfha oehs oek .kq leue;af;ñ' Tyq .ek uu
pxp, j isáñ”hs lSjd h'
“fyg jk;=re iq,a;ka rc ug Ôj;a jkag wjir fokafka kï kqfò
is;ays fkd ikaiqkaNdjh ÿr,kafkñ”hs ìij lSjd h'
Yd#ßh¾ rc f;fï l=ureyqf.a .uka fl<jr § l=ula isÿ ù oehs oek .kq
leu;sj Isy¾idÈh fkd urd ;j Èkla l,a ÿkafka h'
o`vqjï ,enQ uy weu;syqf.a l:djia;=j

wdrdì ksfYd,a,dih

1' my; oelafjk jdlH lshjkak'
i' uu WoEikska u iqn m;ñ'
ii' wms Wkkaÿfjka úNd.h iu;a fjuq'
iii' kqU ì;=is;=jï krUkafkys'
iv' kqU,d ì;=is;=jï krUkafkyq'
v' Tyq ks;r hy¿jka weiqre lrhs'
vi' Tjqyq ks;r i;=ka wdrlaId lr;s'
vii' we;d fmryer w,xldr lrhs'
viii' we;a;= fmryer w,xldr lr;s'
ix' fidhqßh lúhla .dhkd l<d h'
x' fidhqßfhda lú .dhkd l<y'
xi' .i ieug fijK ,nd fohs'
x' .ia ieug fijK ,nd fohs'
bß we¢ kdu moj,g wkqrEmj wdLHd;h fh§ we;s whqre úuid n,kak'
tfia jkafka Wla; kdu mohg wod< mqreIfhka wdLHd;h o fh§ we;s
ksihs' W;a;u mqreI" uOHu mqreI" m%:u mqreI hkqfjka isxy, NdIdfõ mqreI
;=kla olakg ,efí' tlS mqreIj, kdu mo fhfok whqre my; igykska
oelafjhs'
mqreI tAl jpk nyq jpk

W;a;u mqreI uu ''' îu;a fjñ& wms ''' îu;a fjuq&
uOHu mqreI kqU ''' ^krUkafkys& kqU,d''' ^krUkafkyq&
Tyq ''' ^weiqre lrhs& Tjqyq ''' ^weiqre lr;s&

m%:u mqreI
we;d ''' ^w,xldr lrhs& we;a;= '''' w,xldr lr;s&
fidhqßh''' ^.dhkd l<d h& fidhqßfhda'''^.dhkd l<y&
.i ''' ^,nd fohs& .ia ''' ^,nd fohs&

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' by; § we;s l;d jia;=fjys tk kdu mo ish,a, ,l=Kq fldg

tAjd W;a;u" uOHu" m%:u hk mqreI ;=kg fjka lr olajkak'
2' fm< fmdf;ys Tn leu;s mdvula f;dard f.k tys kdu mo mqreI
;=kg fjka fldg olajkak'
rElv lmkakd" .eñhkag jqjukd foh muKla fkd j kqjrekag jqjukd

foh o iemhqfjls' .fuys nyq, l=re,a,kaf.a" ydjkaf.a" uq.áhkaf.a"
lne,a,Ejkaf.a yevyqrelï yd úÑ;% j¾Khka o wdrEV l< o~qlvj,ska
wdiajdohla ,enqfjda kd.ßlfhda h' .ï jeisfhda fï i;=kaf.ka u
wdiajdoh ,enqfjda h' rElv lmkakd" ;u rElv kd.ßlhkag u úlsŒug
is;=fõ tfyhsks'
rElv lmkakdf.a lïu, jQ l,s ldurhlska o biaf;damamqjlska o hq;="
ueá .id w;= fifj‚ l< me,am;ls' lmd ksu l<" fkd l< rEläka
o" idhï .d fõ<Sug ;enQ úÑ;% j¾Kfhka nn<k rEläka o kshka"
le;s" msyshd" flfÜß" idhï áka" nqreiq" i;=kaf.a weg lgq" o;a" ksh"
T,s| weg hkdÈfhka o msß Tyqf.a lïuf,ys we;=¿ ldurh jQl,s kshu
lgq f.hla úh' biaf;damamqfõ fldkl jQ j;=r ie<shla .;a ,s.a.,a
;=klska hq;= Wÿfkka ÿï fkd k.skafka oj,a fod<fya isg tl fol
jk f;la mu‚' t;eka isg ? y; jk ;=re Wÿfkka kÕsk .skak
fkd ksfõ' j;=r ye<sh Wmldr jQfha Tyqf.a rElv lemSug fkd j Tyq
rElv lemSfuka tl;= lr.;a iq¿ uqo,g ;j;a i; lsysmhla ,nd §fuka
Tyqf.a wdodhu jeä lsÍug h'
rElv lmkakdf.a biaf;damamqj fldams lvhls' ojia m;d Woh ld,fhys o
ijia ld,fhys o .fï jeäysáhka yd ;reKhka lsysm fofkl=ka o /
iaù" láka lvd.;a yl=re weì;a;lska fyda Èfjka .;a iSks mqmqre állska
fyda Èj fmdÕjd" fldams W.=rlska W.=r o f;ud f.k" ´md¥m foãfuka
o fí.,a foidnEfuka o úlg l;d lSfuka o m%S;s jQ ieá u;la jk úg"
mqrdK bx.%Sis lùka tla ;eka ù îr ìî ÿï Wrñka ldjH Ydia;%h ms<sn|
l:dfjka muKla fkd j" ´md¥m foãfuka o" úfkdaodiajdoh ,enQ
ika:d.dr wrNhd we;eï bx.sßis fmd;lska oek.;a f;dr;=re uf.a
is;g kefÕhs'
rElv lmkakdf.a fldams lvhg /ia jQ uy¨ .eñfhda fmd;ska m;ska fyda
.=rekaf.ka fyda fndfyda fldg bf.kSfuka ,;a m%;sNdj we;s lùka
fkd jQj o Ôú;h kue;s ;lai,dfjka bf.kSfuka ,;a m%;sNdj we;s
lùyq jQy' fmd;m;ska ,;a úkS;Ndjfhka f;dr jQ Tjqkaf.a l;dny"
Tjqka weo nE fí.,a" fovQ ´md¥m .%duH;ajfhka nr jqj o jDoaO;ajhg
ysñ ;ekam;a kqjK" Wmydih" Wmdillu" iskd ri hk fuf;la
idys;H rifhka f;dr fkd ùh' ñksi;a njg ysñ ÿla mSvd m%;HlaI
lr.;a Tjqkaf.a láka .s,syqK ´md¥m jQ l,s" lùkaf.a rpkhkag jia;=
úh hq;=" Ôj fY%da;ifhka ksl=;a" Ôj ìkaÿkaf.ka .yk ù h'
rElv lmkakdf.a lïu,

wfma .u
ud¾áka úl%uisxy
Wla; wkqla; fNaoh
Wla; mo(
i. .=rejre YsIHhka w.h lr;s'
ii. ffjoHjre frda.Ska iqjm;a lr;s'
iii. fmd,sia ks,OdÍyq iellrejka Widúhg bÈßm;a lr;s'
iv. ñkskafodarefjda bvï ysñhka yuq fj;s'
v. f,aLlfhda mdGlhka oekqj;a lr;s'
fuu jdlHj, ‘.=rejre" ffjoHjre" fmd,sia ks,OdÍyq" ñkskafodarefjda"
f,aLlfhda’ hk kdu mo tu jdlHhkays wjidk l%shd isÿ lrk l¾;D
mo hs' l¾;D ldrl jdlHhl wjidk ls%hd mofhka Wla; jk flaj,
kdu mo yd o" yd" ;a hk iuqÉphd¾: ksmd; fh§ jdlHhl l¾;D
jYfhka fhfok mo;a" oaú;aj l¾;D mo yd kdudLHd; mo;a l¾u
ldrl jdlHhl l¾uh oelafjk mo;a ieu úg u Wla; iajrEmfhka
;nkq ,efí'
wkqla; mo(
fuu jdlHj, l¾u mo f,i fhÿKq ‘YsIHhka" frda.Ska" iellrejka"
bvï ysñhka" mdGlhka’ hk kdu mo wkqla; iajrEmfhka isà' l¾;D

ldrl jdlHhl l¾uh jYfhka fhfok kdu mo;a fuka" fia" jeks"
lrd" Wfoid" i|yd hk ksmd; wdYs%; kdu mo;a jQ lDoka;hg uq,ska
fhfok kdu mo yd wiïNdjH ls%hd wdYs%; kdu mo;a iEu úg u wkqla;
iajrEmfhka ;nkq ,efí'
kdu mo
Wla; mo wkqla; mo
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' by; l;dfjka Wmqgd .;a my; i|yka kdu mo Wla;-wkqla; jYfhka
y÷kd f.k wod< fldgqfõ ‘’ ,l=K fhdokak' Wla;-wkqla;
foflys u fhÈh yels kdu mo we;akï wod< fldgq foflys u ‘’
,l=K fhdokak'
kdu moh Wla; wkqla;

lmkakd
l=re,a,ka
ydjka
uq.áhka
len,a,Ejka
kd.ßlfhda
.ïjeisfhda
me,am;
lgqf.h
Tyq
jeäysáhka
;reKhka
.eñfhda
lùka
lùyq

2' ysia;ekaj,g .e<fmk Wla; mo jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'
i. ^<uhs$<uhska& ''''''''''''''''''''''''' nhsisl,a mÈ;ss'
ii. ûu$ud& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Tjqka weu;=fjñ'
iii. ^l=re,af,da$l=re,a,ka& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wyfia mshdir lr;s'
iv. ^Tjqka$Tjqyq& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fkajdisld.drh ;=< /£ isá;s'
v. ^f;dm$f;dms& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mõ fkd lryq'
vi. ^.dhsldjl$.dhsldjla& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iïudk ,enqjd h'
vii. ^rcjreka$rcjre& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uy jeõ ;ekQy'
viii. îsxyfhdaa$isxyhkaa& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''';K fld< fkd l;s'
ix. ^NslaIQyq$NslaIQka& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fi;a msß;a foaYkd lr;s'
x. ^Ñ;% Ys,amSka$Ñ;% Ys,amSyq& ''''''''''''''''''''' ;u ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh lr;s'
3' ysia;ekaj,g .e<fmk wkqla; mo jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'
i. uj ôrefjda$orejka& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' miihs'
ii. ul=¿fjda ^lDóka$lDóyq& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wdydrhg .;ay'
iii. úÿy,am;s;=ñh ^YsIHdjka$YsIHdfjda& ''''''''''''''''''''' wdrlaId l<d h'
iv. uu ^f;dm$f;dms& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' y÷kñ'
v. ydfjda ^bífnda$bínka& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iu. ;rÕhg ÿj;s'
vi. Tyqf.a .dhkh ^wm$wms& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mskù h'
vii. .erçhd ^ófhda$óhkaa& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' w,a,hs'
viii. rislfhda ^ks¾udKlrejka$ks¾udKlrefjda& '''''''''''''''''''''''' w.h;ss'
ix. frda.Syq ^fyÈhka$fyÈfhda& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' le|jd .;ay'
x. .=re;=ud ûu$ud& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' weu;=fõ h'
tlu;a tl rgl mjq,l ifydaorfhda y;a fofkla isáfhda h'

Tjqkaf.ka nd, ifydaorhdf.a ku uqjka;siai h' wksla ifydaorhka fuka
Tyq fl;aj, jevg fkd .sfha h' Woh f.oßka msg;aj jkdka;rhg jeo
uqjka miafia t<jd f.k f.dia Wka we,a,Su Tyqf.a mqreÿ l%Svdj úh'
Tyq fufia fi,a,ï fldg f.org tkafka ijia jk úg h' Tyq iuyr
úg uqjl= lr ;nd f.k ths' fl;aj, jevg fkd hEu .ek wksla
ifydaorfhda Tyqg yeuod u neK jÈ;s'
ojila uqjka;siai l=udrhd Wo¨ fldghl=;a /f.k l=Uqrg hkag
iQodkï jQfha h' wksla ifydaorfhdaa iskd iS Tyqg iroï lf<da h' Tyq

fldam ù Wo¨ fldgh bj; oud,d le,hg je§ le,fhys ;snqKq ùr" m¨
iy fldaka hkdÈ uy .ia Wÿrd oeïfï h' Tyq ìu iod,d f.or weú;a
jemsÍug ù b,a¨fõ h' ifydaorfhda ù kqÿkay' Tyq udud fj;g f.dia
ì;a;r ù b,a¨fõ h' udud f.diska fyak n,d,d weú;a Tyqg f,dl= ù
ìiaila fmkakqfõ h' uqjka;siai l=udrhd wuqKq yegl muK ù ìiai
Wiaidf.k f.dia jemqrefõ h'
meiqKq miq Tyq f.dhï lmd md.d tl ;ekl f.dv .id f.or
weú;a ifydaorhkag l;d fldg fufia lSfõ h' “f.dyska n,dm,a,d
uf.a ù f.dv' tAl Wvg kex.d u fï rfÜ wE; ;sfnk od.eíj, fld;a
fmfkkjdoe hs n,d,d fmakjd kï ug lshkq'”
ifydaorfhda f.dia nd, u,Kqjkaf.a ù f.dv Wvg kexf.da h' wE; msysá
od.eíj, fld;a fyd|g u fmksK' tfy;a Tjqyq fld;a fkd fmfkk nj
lSfjda h' thska Woyia jQ uqjka;siai l=udrhd lkaola muK Wia jQ
tA ù f.dvg mhska .id bysrjd weú;a ;u lvqj;a wrf.k f.hska
kslauqfKa h'
.jq .Kkla .uka fldg .Õla wi,g meñ‚ Tyq ls;=,a .yla ì,S
ms;a;g;a w,shl= weug;a wjqKd f.k ud¿ ndk ;j;a fhdaOhl= ÿgqfõ h'
b;d Yla;s iïmkak w;mh yd f,dl= l|la we;s fudyq ÿgq ú.i ‘fudyq
kshu fhdaOfhle’hs uqjka;siai l=udrhdg lshjq‚'
‘ud fudk fhdaOfhla o" uqjka;siai l=udrhd fkdje fhdaOhd’hs ud¿
ndñka isá fhdaOhd lSfõ h' thska miq Tjqyq tlsfkld oek we¢k .;ay'
ud¿ ndñka isá fhdaOhdf.a ku w,ska;siai h' jeäÿr hkakg fmr
fudjqkag ;j;a fhdaOfhla yuq úh' úYd, hlv fnda, folla Wv ou
oud w,ajñka .uka l< Tyq ÿgq ú.i zfudyq kï yßu fhdaOfhleZhs
uqjka;siai l=udrhd lSfõ h' zyß fhdaOhd ud fkd j uqjka;siai l=udrhdZhs
Tyq o lSfõ h' Tyqf.a ku hlv;siai h'
fï fhdaOfhda ;=kafokd Tjqfkdjqka ±k we¢k f.k rlaIdj,a fidhñka
.uka lf<da h' ;j;a .jq .Kkla .uka l< úg Tjqka <Õd jQfha úYd,
.Õla <Õg h' w,ska;siai l=udrhd f,dl= ud¿jl= nd .;af;a h' ;=ka
fokdg u nv.sks ù ;snqK neúka Tjqyq ud¿jd mq¿iaid f.k lkakg
woyia lr .;ay' hlv;siai l=udrhd .ylg ke. ÿï k.sk f.hla
<Õl ;sfha oe hs ne¨fõ h' wE; ÿï k.sk f.hla ÿgq Tyq .iska nei
.skaor f.fkkakg tA f.h foi n,d kslauqfKa h'
th rdiaishlf.a f.or hs' tA fjf,a wE isáfha orejl= fldryl
;nd f.k kdjñks' hlv;siai l=udrhd wE lrd f.dia .skaor álla
b,a¨fõ h' ‘<sm <Õg f.dia <sfmka .sks fmfk,a,la wrf.k hkag’hs
lshñka rdiais úYd, ye<shla Wiq,d .;a <sma.,a ;=klska hq;a <smla
fmkakqjd h' l=udrhd f.dia .sks fmfk,a,la .kag md;a jQ l, rdiais
Tyq t;k u jQ ìxf.h ;=<g ;,a¨ l<d h' fndfyda fõ,djla f.ù
f.diskq;a hlv;siai l=udrhd kd ksid w,ska;siai l=udrhd msg;a jQfha h'
{dfkdaoh l;d - ud¾áka úl%uisxy

rka fl¢ l=udßldj
;=ka nE fhdaOfhda
,sx. fNaoh
fï jdlH foi n,kak'

i. hlv;siai l=urhd .skaor b,a¨fõ h'
ii. rdiais <smla fmkakqjd h'
iii. <sfma .skaor oe,afjhs'
fuys" ‘hlv ;siai l=udrhd’ hkafkka mqreIjdÖ njla o
‘rdiais’ hkafkka ia;%SjdÖ njla o
‘.skaor’ hkafkka wm%dKjdÖ njla o yefÕhs'
tA wkqj"
ñksiqka" i;=ka yd l,ams; Ôùka ^foaj" hlaI" wdÈ& yÕjk kdu mo
ifÉ;k" tkï mK we;s fyj;a m%dKjdÖ mo f,i o .ia je,a yd fiiq
wm%d‚l oE yÕjk kdu mo wm%dKjdÖ fyj;a wfÉ;ksl kdu mo
f,i o ie,flhs'
m%dKjdÖ kdu mo w;ßka
² mqreIjdÖ njla yÕjk kdu mo mqreI ,sx. kdu mo jYfhka o
² ia;%SjdÖ njla yÕjk kdu mo ia;%S ,sx. kdu mo jYfhka o
wm%dKjdÖ njla yÕjk fyj;a wfÉ;k .Kfha kdu mo kmqxil
,sx. kdu mo jYfhka o ye¢kafõ'

kdu mo
m%dKjdÖ fyj;a wm%dKjdÖ fyj;a

ifÉ;k kdumo wfÉ;k kdu mo
kmqxil ,sx.
mqreI ,sx. ia;%S ,sx.
kdumo
kdu mo kdu mo
1' my; oelafjk kdu mo mqreI ,sx." ia;%S ,sx." kmqxil ,sx. jYfhka
j.= .; lrkak'
^.srjd" fmd;" mEk" ksji" j÷rd" .eyeksh" uys,dj" n,a,d" ne<,sh"
.i" .Õ" l=re,a,d" hy¿jd" f,aÅldj" .=re;=ñh&
mqreI ,sx. ia;%S ,sx. kmqxil ,sx.
2' ;=ka nE fhdaOfhda l;dfõ we;=<;a kdu mo mqreI ,sx." ia;S% ,sx."
kmqxil ,sx. jYfhka j¾. lr olajkak'

6 ‘isß;a fyd| oekf.k''''’

iqisßf;ys fhfoñka ÿisßf;ka wE;a fjñka iodpdr iïmkak

Ôú;hla .; lsÍug u. fmkajk isß;a u,aou WmfoaY idys;Hfhys ,d
ie,lsh yels ldjH lD;shls' myiqfjka u;lfha /f|k ir,
iq.u nia jyrlska fï lú mn|k ,oafoa weï'we,a' is,ajd .=re
uqykaÈrï;=ud úisks' <ud úfha isg hym;a mqreÿ wdl,am we;sj
iudchg jevodhl f,i Ôú;h yev .iajd .kakd wdldrh fï
lúj,ska lshefõ'
1' kñka mg nekao;a

rkska rejkska È¨K;a
l==f,ka rc jQj;a
thska M, lsu isß;a yeßfhd;a
2' br Wod jkakg

m<uqj ke.sg isys fldg
w,ilï ÿre fldg
lrka jevm< ÈhqKq jkakg
3' jevl fkd fh¥ is;

krl w;g u fmrf<;
lsful jk hym;
jevl tneúka fhdokq ;u is;
4' ysi wjq,a lrf.k

ls¿gq jerye,s we|f.k
mUfhl=f. ú,isk
b÷u fyd| kE nQ; lrñk
42 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h

5' w;ska w; ne| fm<
fkd hka ux udj;aj,
;ekska ;ek lvj,
fkd hka lreKla ke;sj lsis l,
6' lEug lEorlï fkd lrkafka

;j ug lshñka lE fkd .ikafka
;ryg lEula úis fkd lrkafka
t<s msg ysgf.k lEu fkd lkafka
7' weÕ jeiqfuka ksis we÷ï w¢kafka

nv fkrefuka frÈ we| fkdu .kafka
ysi jeiqfuka lsis ;ek fkd jÈkafka
iqÿiq ;ekska ksis f,i m,hkafka
8' W;=uka bÈßfh fl< fkd .ikafka

b¢ñka tys md È.= fkd lrkafka
tf,iska b| wEkqï kdßkafka
ish;ska tf,i u ysi fkd likafka
9' tl u jevl ks;r u fkd fhfokafka

fjk u fjk u jev i,ld .kafka
fmkqu we;=j fyd| jev lrmkafka
;ru fkd oek jevlg fkd niskafka
10' ysifla úod f.k hï ;eklg fkd hñ

ysifla úod f.k W;=uka fj; fkd hñ
ysifla úod f.k fodrlv fkdu b¢ó
ysifla úod f.k in ueo fkd .ejfió
11' wkqkag nqyquka § i,lkafka

;ukag nqyquka ,efnhs thskafka
wkqkag ;u jxYh lshñkafka
,nkag kïnqj fkd is;dmkafka

wjfndaOh
1' hym;a isß;a w;a fkd yeÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY jk lúh Wmqgd
olajkak'
2' fï lúhg wkqj wdydr wkqNjfha § jeo.;a jk isß;a fudkjd o@
3' mdvfï lshefjk wdldrhg we÷ï me,÷ï mßyrKfha § i,ld ne,sh
hq;= lreKq fudkjd o@
4' W;=uka bÈßfha yeisßh hq;= wdldrh lúhd olajd we;af;a flfia o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' ksjfia §" mdif,a §" uy u. § Tn ms<smÈk fyd| isß;a fudkjd o@

2' my; i|yka moj, w¾:h m%ldY jk fia jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'
¸' mg ne£u
¸¸' rejkska
¸¸¸' úod f.k
¸¹' jerye,s
3' Woh u mqnq §

uqyqKg Èh §
l=,foú ku £
f.a fodr yu §
fuu lúfha lshefjk hym;a isß;a folla Wmqgd olajkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' isß;a - ÿisß;a .ek Tn wid we;s fjk;a lúhla ,shkak'

2' mka;sh lKavdhïj,g fn§ Tfí mdi,g fyda mka;s ldurhg jvd;a
jeo.;a jk .=KO¾u lúhg k.d o¾YkSh fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh
lrkak'
44 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h

7 w,s Wjÿr

l=udr;=x. uqksodi isxy, NdId idys;H lafIa;%fhys úYd,
fmr<shla isÿ l< mçjrfhls' l=udr;=x. uqksodihkaf.a idys;H
fiajdj wxY lsysmhlg úysfohs' <uhska i|yd rÑ; .µ yd mµ
ks¾udK ta w;ßka m%uqL fjhs' y;amK" ySkaierh" u`.=,alEu
t;=uka úiska <uhska i|yd rÑ; m%nkaO jk w;r l=ur .S wdÈ
mµ lD;s ta ta jhia uÜgu wkqj fY%a‚.;j bÈßm;a lr we;'
mdi,a isiqka i|yd t;=uka úiska iïmdÈ; lshjk kqjK ^yhjk
fYa%‚h& lD;sfhkaa Wmqgd .;a l;djla fuys oelafõ'
ta l¿jr ojfils' ysre neie i;r mehlg jvd f.jqfKa hehs

fkd is;ñ' tod ug nv mqrd lkakg wdydrhla fkd ,enqKq fyhska"
<`.e ue .ïudkhlg f.dia" l=Uqrlg je§ f.dhï álla j;a lkakg
? fnda jk f;la n,d isáfhñ' kslï ue isáfha fkd fõ' jeä rila
ke;;a wi,e jQ .file w;a;la uf.a fid~g meñ‚fha he' uu bka
fld< ál ál jßka j/ lgg hejqfjñ'
È. yQjla wefikakg úhe' t" ud fm/ ta ;rï wid mqreÿ ysj,a yQj
fkd fõ' fkd neie ue" fkd keÕe ue" tla muKg meje;s ;shqKq
yf~ls' ysj,a yQj k`.S" niS" k`.S" niS' tn÷ ke`.Sfula neiSfula fï
yf`vys kqjQfha he' ud hkakg is;d isá l=Uqr uf.a is;ska wE;a úhe'
fld< w;a; o lgg uq;a is;g fkd jkafka he' oeka is; kgjkafka fï
w¨;a y~ hs' kqmqreÿ y~la weiqKq úge mÍlaIdldÍ ùu wm ld f.a;a
isß; fkd@ ta isß; jeä fõ,djla mj;ajkakg ug fkd ,enqfKa he'
uf.a fid~;a j,.;a ud fkd okajd ue" ie‚ka Èid udrejla flf<a
he' ud tla jr ue Wv hkakg jka ieáfhla o ye`.s‚' tj/ weiqKq yQj
t;rï ;shqKq he" t;rï Nhxlr he'
ta yQj uy oreKq i;l=f.ka wd njg ug oeka ielfhla ke;af;a he'
fm/ lsis lf,le kqjQ fjkfila uf.a is;g jÈkakg úhe' Nh ug
t ;rï mqreÿ fkd jk nj Tn oks;s' tod tl jrg ue uf.a is; th
jy jyd mqreÿ lrk nj ug ye`.=fKa he' ta ye`.Su fln÷ oehs ud i,ld

neÆfha t;ekg fndfyda wE; § he' wehs@ yQj tjQ i;d wyi fmdf<dj
foorjd f.ke wdfha" ug fmfkkakg ue ù he'
uf.a mdofhda ug jvd fyd| ymkakq he' Tyq ug fld;rï ys;j;a;= o
hkq b÷rd jegeyqfKa tÈke he' fjk od uf.a is; fkd okajd tl o
mdofhla fkd fi,ejqfKa he' mdofhda is; okajkakg ;j fudfyd;la
keje;=Kdyq kï" fï mqj; Tng lshkakg j;a ug wjirfhla fkd
,efnkafka he' wfka" mdofhks" f;dmg mska isÿ fõjd' f;dm tod ud
jk ueog f.ke .sh ;rï blaukg ug th is;Su o fkd yels he' tod
kï f;dmg mska fokakg o ug isys u| úhe' lud lrjq'
jk ueoe § uu ìfhka .eis .eiS" u| fldge miq mi ne¨fhñ' Nhdkl hsæ
Nhdkl hsæ ta i;d wefokafka m<uq ug fmkqKq ieáhg kï" th uf.a
fï uy ysig l=vd fjf;d;a uf|ls' ta weiska uy;a wdf,dalhla kslaó"
jk ueoe .õjla muK wE;g úys§ .sfha he' wdf,dalh iqÿ he' ug
ta wei olskakg ,enqfKa fudfydf;ls' t;rï fõ.fhka i;d we§
.sfha he' wfyda" ta i;df.a È. uy;æ ud jeks w,s oyila tla ;eka ù"
ysiska ysi § isá fofokd ne.ska mkaishhla fm<g isge" tfia isáhjqka
msge ke`.S b;sß mkaishh isáh fyd;a" ta i;df.a È.g uy;g iß,k w,s
je<la fj;s hs is;ñ' fï .Kk ud is;d .;af;a miq jehe' t fõf,a kï
ug uf.a ysia .Kk o u;l ke;s úhe' Tyqg mdo fndfyda .Kfkla
jQfha he' fyd| isysfhka isá úfgle j;a th .Kka lsÍu fkd yels he'
.Kka lsÍu ;nd" md keÕSu fy<Su j;a flfia leß‚ o hkq fkd lshe
yels he' .uk t;rï fõ.j;a he' th tfia jqj o" ta i;df.a b;d úYd,
uqL uy;a .Kkla nj o ish,a, tlg tl <x je wxYfhys msysá nj o
fyd¢ka fmkqfKa he' ud isáfha i;df.a olaIsKdxYfha he' jdudxYfhys;a
uqL ù o fkd ù oe hs fkd oksñ' fmkqKq uqLj,ska kï wdf,dalfhla
ksl=;a jQfha he'
ta i;df.a .uk ;ud .ukæ t;rï È. t;rï uy; YÍrhla wefok
l,e wyi fmdf<dj fooeÍu mqÿufhla fkd fõ' mqÿuhg ldrKh kï"
Èfjñka ue Tyq ,k y;sh hs' th .õjla ÿrg wefia hehs is;ñ' y;s
,k l,e uq÷kska uy l¿ j,dl=¿ kslafuhs' ysia uq÷fkys kdih ù o"
lfgla ù oe hs fkd oksñ' l=ula jQj;a tys újrh b;d uy;a úhe hq;= hs'
thska ksl=;a jkqfha kslï ue l¿ j,dl=¿ fkd fõ' ueo ;=frys b;d
uy;a .Kkla §ma;su;a ;drld o fjhs'

b;ska fï i;d .eke Tnf.a ye`.Su flfia o@ wms" w,s fï jkfha
wkdÈ ld,hla uq¿,af,a úiQuq' i;H jYfhka wmf.a ye`.Su jQfha" fï"
w,skg wereKq jkfhle lshd he' ye`.Su oeka fjkia lrkakg ld,h
fkd meñ‚fha o@ ta i;df.a wdydrh l=ula oehs fkd oksñ' uia nqÈkafkla
kï Èklg w,ska mkil=;a u| fj;s hs is;ñ' .y fld< lkafkla kï
fï uy;a jkh i;a wg Èklg jvd fkd iEfya' ta l=ula flfia jqj o wmg
,enQ oYdj Nhxlr he' wm%;sl%shdjia:dj l| ueog ue meñfKkakg m<uq
jdihg fjk jkhla fidhd .ekSu kqjKg yqre he uf.a l,amkdj'

fkd neie u - wvqq fkdù
ke`.e u
fkd - jeä fkdù
is; kgjkafka - is;jkafka" ysf;kafka
Èid udrejla - me;s udrejla
;shqKq - ishqï" ;SlaIK
mÍlaIdldÍ ùu - úuis,su;a ùu
Nhxlr - ìhlre" ìh f.k fok
mdofhda - ll=,a$md
w,s je<la - w,s fma<shla
uqL - ljq¿$cfka,
uy;a .Kkla - úYd, m%udKhla$jeä .Kkla
olaIsKdxYfha - ol=Kq me;af;a ôlaIsK¬wxYfha&
jdudxYfha - jï me;af;a ^jdu¬wxYfha&
újrh - isÿr" újD; jQ fldgi
ueoZ;=frys - ueo yßfha ûeo¬w;=frys&
wkdÈ ld,hla - b;d wE; ld,fha isg
uia nqÈkafkla - uia lkafkla
,enQ oYdj - ,enQ l,oidj
wm%;sl%shdjia:dj - m%;sl¾uhla l< fkd yels wjia:dj
^w¬m%;s¬l%shd¬wjia:dj&
l| ueog - b;d iómhg ^lg <`.g u&

wjfndaOh
1' w,shdg weiqKq yQfjys;a" ysj,a yQfjys;a fjki l=ula o@

2' w,shd fõ.fhka ÈjQ nj yeÕfjk jdlHh Wmqgd olajkak'
3' w,shd ;uka ÿgq wuq;= i;df.a úYd,;ajh m%ldY lf<a flfia o@
4' fuys oelafjk i;df.a wdydrh l=ula úh yels hhs Tn is;kafka o@
5' w,shd ÿgq wuq;= i;df.a ndysr ,laIK ir,j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' w¾:h Rcqj u fkd lshd jl%j lshefjk jels lSmhla my; oelafõ'
tajdfha Rcq woyi ,shd olajkak'
¸' ‘wi,e jQ .file w;a;la udf.a fid~g meñ‚fha he’
¸¸' ‘fld< w;a; o lgg uq;a is;g fkd jkafka he’
¸¸¸' ‘udf.a fid~;a" j,.;a ud fkdokajd ue ie‚ka Èid udrejla
lf<a he’
¸¼' ‘fï mqj; Tng lshkakgj;a ug wjirhla fkd ,efnkafka he’
¼' ‘y;s ,k l,e uq÷kska uy l¿ j,dl=¿ kslafuhs’
2' fuu l;dj rpkd lr we;s NdIdfjys olakg ,efnk úfYaI;d

folla ,shkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fuu l;dj ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh lrñka y~ k`.d lshjkak'

2' l=udr;=x. uqksodi uy;audf.a fjk;a <ud idys;H lD;s fidhd
lshjkak'
3' B<Õ msgqfõ oelafjkafka ‘ilialv’ kï mer‚ fmdf;ka Wmqgd
.;a fldgils' th ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;=j Yío kÕd lshjkak'

ilialv
ku# Y%S >Kdh
§mÙlrdyajh uqkSYajr mdouQf,a

ika;HcH ,íOuuD;x lreKdx úOdh
w;Hdys;x mßys;x iqlD;x úfYaId;a
isoaOx kfudaia;= iq.;dh c.oaê;dh'
wm ;:d.;hka ixisoaOdfYaI iïNdr úfYaI idlaId;alrŒh

i¾jmdmu,m%laId,klaIu wd;au fudalaI ksrfmalaI je" WohjHh
NÙ. Nhd§kjdÈ kjuyd úo¾Yk{dk mrïmrdê.; ks¾jdK uyd
iirg mßOdjudk iuia; i;a;aj ud;Ù.hd uyd lreKdÙl=Yfhka
yïk je" cd;s crd NÙ. NÙ.SNÙ. Nhdkl rd.oafõIdu¾Y uoudk
idrïNdÈlaf,aY ulr kslrdlS¾K ixidr uyd¾Kjdj;S¾K
oajdIIaá oDIaácd,djnoaO" i¾ji;a;aj iuqoaOrKdkqnoaO nqoaê we;s
je
ldhÔú; ksrfmalaIdNscd; ks¾NrdNHdys; i¾jf,daffll§mdhudk

§mÙlr ;:d.; jHdlrKdNsfIalfhka W§Klaf,aYu,dm.u
fldge ks¾u, je wfkal uqla;suqla;dkqhd; iuHla iïfndaê
iïNdr ydrd,Ùldrfhka iu,ÙlD; je-YYaj-ÿmdiHudk mdrñ;d
¥;sldkqkShudk O¾u rdcH ,laIaó iÙ.u .uk uÙ.,hg wdrïN
fldge'''

úfYaIK mo
mdvfï i|yka my; olajd we;s mo .ek Tfí wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
l¿jr ojils
È. yQjla
fuys ojils" yQjla hkq kdu mohs' fuu kdu mo úia;r lsÍu i|yd
l¿jr" È. hk mo fhdod f.k we;' lsishï mohla úia;r flfrñka
Bg bÈßfhka fhfok mo úfYaIK kñka ye¢kafõ' ta wkqj l¿jr" È.
hk mo úfYaIK mohs' my; i|yka mo o úuikak'
Wi <uhd
f,dl= fmd;
È. fïih
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' úfYaIK mo iys;j ,shd we;s kdu mo myla mdvfuka Wmqgd ,shkak'
úfYaIK moh háka brla w¢kak'
2' my; i|yka úfYaIK mo" tla mohla kdu mo folla iu. jk
wdldrhg fhdod jpk oyhla ilia lr ,shkak'
¸' iqÿ ¸¸' l=vd
¸¸¸' Wi ¸¹' isks÷
¹' §¾>
3' by; wNHdifha § ilia l< úfYAIK iys; kdu mo fhdod jdlH
ks¾udKh lrkak'

8 k,mdk cd;lh
mkaishmkia cd;l fmd; ,shejqfKa l=reKE., rdcOdks
iufha § h' th nqÿka jykafiaf.a mQ¾j ckau ms<sn| l;d mqj;a
iuQyhla f,i ie,fla' thg uq,a jQ l;d ,sheù we;af;a md,s
NdIdfjks' cd;l fmdf;ys we;=<;a l;d ixLHdj 547la jqj o
wdikak u oyfha .=Kdldrh i,ld th 550la fia ms<s.kakd
nj .%ka: kdufhka fmfkhs' cd;l l;dj,g wkqj fndai;a;=ud
f,ak" uqj" wdÈ i;a;aj l=,j, o Wm; ,nd we;' fuu mdvfï tk
k,mdk cd;lfha § fndai;a;=ud j÷re rcl= f,i oelafõ' ish
jdkr iuQyhdf.a Ôú; Èh rl=il=f.ka fírd .ekSug tu j÷re
rc;=ud m%{djka;j lghq;= l< wdldrh fuu l;djg mdol ù we;'
;j o tla iufhlays foú nUqka uqÿfkys fl<kd md mshqï we;s

f,daliajdñ jQ i¾j{hka jykafia fldfid,a okõfjys ießird weúÈkd
fiala k,mdk kï .ug meñK k,mdk fmdl=K iómfhys jQ jegfla
jkfhys jik fiala ng o~q wrNhd fï cd;lh jod< fial'
tiufhys NslaIQka jykafia k,mdk kï fmdl=fKka meka ikyd
b¢lgq l=<d ksid idufKarhka jykafia ,jd ng o~q lmamjd f.kajd f.k
tA ish¨ ng o~q .eg ke;sj tAlÉýøj È.g u isÿre kshdj oel nqÿka lrd
f.dia “iajdñkS" wms b¢lgq l=<d ksid ng o~q f.kajQïy' tA ng o~q uq,
mgka w. olajd È.g u isÿre h' fï lsfulaoe”hs úpdf<da h' i¾j{hka
jykafia tnia wid “uyfKks" fï udf.a mqrd;kfhys wêIaGdkfhle” hs
jodrd bl=;a j;a olajd jod< fial'
hg .sh oji tjk <eyen j,a jQfha h' tfmdl=fKys tla Èh rl=fila
fmdl=Kg ng ñksiqka lkafka h' tiufhys fndaêi;a;ajfhda;a
;s;a uqjl= id uy;e;s j÷re rcj wiQ oyila muK j÷rka úiska msßjrk
,ÿj j÷re uq< mßyrKh flfrñka tA jkfhys jikakdyq h' tA uy
fndai;dfKda jdkr iuQyhdg wjjdo fokakdyq “orefjks" fï jkfhys
úI jDlaIfhda;a wukqIHdê.DyS; jQ mqIalrŒyq;a fj;s' tfia fyhska
f;dms yeu fkd lE úrE M,dM,fhla lf;d;a fõjhs kqmQ úrE mekla
fndf;d;a fõjhs ud úpdrd u lj fndj”hs úOdk lf<da h' tA

jdkrfhda;a tnia “hym;e”hs ms<sf.k tla ojila fmr fkd .sh úrE
;eklg f.dia t;ekays oyj,a fojre weúo meka fidhkakdyq" tla
fmdl=Kla oel meka fkd î u fndaêi;ajhkaf.a Bu n,d Wkakdyq h'
tl,ays fndaêi;ajfhda wjq;a “lsfula o@ orefjks" meka fkd fndõ oe”hs
lsjQ h' jdkrfhda lshkakdyq “kqU jykafia tk f;la n,d Wkqïy”hs
lsjQ h' fndaêi;ajfhda “orefjks" f;dm l< foa hym;e”hs lshd fmdl=K
isidrd weúo mshjr mÍlaId lrkakdyq Èhg ng mshjr u oel Èfhys
f.dv ke.s mshjrla fkdoel “tAldka;fhka fï wukqIH mß.DyS; jQ
fmdl=Kla jqj uekj”hs oek meka fkd î Wkakd jQ f;dm úiska l<
oE b;d hym;a jkafka h' “fï wukqIHdê.DyS; fmdl=fKle”hs lsjQ h'
Wol rdlaIihd o tA j÷rka Èhg fkd niakdjqka oel ks,a jQ nv yd
Oj, jQ uqL we;sj r;a jQ w;=,a ;," m;=,a ;, we;sj Nhxlr fõYfhka
Èh fonE fldg kslau “l=ula ksid Wkq o@ fmdl=Kg nei meka fndj”hs
lSh' tl, uy fndai;dfKda ´ yg lshkafkda “fï fmdl=fKys Wmka
Wol rdlaIihd kï f;da oe”hs úpdf<da h' “tfia h uu h” lS l,ays
“fmdl=Kg ngqjka lkag ,efnkafka oe”hs lsjQ h' “tfia h ,nñ" uu
óg ng hg;a msßfihska mlaISka mgka lsis flfkl=ka fkd yßñ' f;dm
yeu fokd;a lkafkï fõ oe˜hs Èh rl=iq lS h' tnia weiQ fndaêi;ajfhda
“wms f;dm úiska wm yeu fokd lE fkd foïy”hs lsjQ h' “tfia l,
mekq;a fndkafkõ oe”hs Èh rl=iq lS h' “tfia h mekq;a fndïy' f;dm
jiÕhg;a fkd meñfKïy”hs lsjQ h' “tfia l, flfia meka fndõ
oe”hs Wol rdlaIihd lS l,ays “lsfula o@ f;da nei meka fnd;s hs
is;kafkys oe”hs fndaêi;ajfhda lshd “wms yeu wiQ oyila muK j÷frda
fmdl=Kg fkd nei u tlS tlS ng oKavla f.k weUq,a oKafvka meka
fndkakjqka fuka ;df.a fmdl=fKka meka fndïy' tfia l,ays f;dms
wm yeu fokd lkag wiu;a jkafkys fõ oe”hs lsjQ h' fufia lshd uy
fndai;dfKda tla ng oKavla f.kajd yer f.k mdró O¾uhka wdj¾ckd
flfrñka i;Hl%shd fldg uqLfhka msUmQy' ng oKav we;=f<ka lsis u
.eghla ke;sj uq, isg w. olajd yeu ;ek isÿre úh' fuu l%ufhka
wksl=;a ng o~q f.kajd msU ÿkafka h' ;j o fufia l,ays msU ksu
jkakg fkd ms<sjkah hs lshd fndaêi;ajfhda fï fmdl=K jg fldg yg
.;a ish¨ ng o~q tAlÉýø fõj˜h lshd wêIaGdk lf<da h'
fndaêi;ajjrhkaf.a l=i,a uy;a neúka is;+ foh iuDoaO jkafka h'
tfia fyhska t;eka mgka tA fmdl=K jg fldg ish¨ u ng o~q tAlÉýø
úh' tAlrkaO% úh' fï l,amfhys l,amia:dhsl jQ m%d;syd¾h i;frla
jkafka h' tA i;r ljf¾ o@ h;a" pkaøhdf.a YY ,d[aPkh fï l,amh
uq¿,af,ys .skafkka fkd ojkafka h' jÜgl cd;lfhys .sks ksù
.sh ;eka fï lm uq¿,af,ys .skafkka fkd ojkafka h' >àldr kï
l=ïNldrhdf.a f.h msysá ;eka ish¨ fï lm fkd f;ó ;sfnkafka h'
fï fmdl=K msßjrd isá ish¨ ng o~q fï lm uq¿,af,ys tAlrkaO% j
;sfnkafka hhs fufia l,amia:dhS jQ m%d;syd¾h i;frla jkafka h'
fndaêi;ajfhda fufia wêIaGdk fldg tl ng oKavla f.k Wkakdyq
h' tA wiQoyila muK jdkrfhda;a tls tlS ng oKavla f.k fmdl=K
msßjrd Wkakdyq h' Tyq yeu fokd;a fndaêi;ajhka ng oKafvka Wrd
meka fndkakg mgka .;a l,ays yeu fok u f.dv ys| ng oKafvka Wrd
meka mQjdyq h' fufia Tjqka yeu fokd meka mQ l,ays Wol rdlaIihd
lsisjla fkd ,en fkd i;=gq jQ is;a we;sj ;ud jikakd jQ ia:dkhg
u .sfhah' fndaêi;ajfhda;a iymsßjßka j,g u jkakdyqh' Ydia;D jQ
iuHla iïnqÿrcdKka jykafia “uyfKks" fï ng o~q isÿre ùu udf.a
u mqrd;k wêIaGdkfhle”hs fï O¾u foaYkdj f.k yer olajd jodrd
mQ¾jdmr ikaê .<md fï k,mdk cd;lh ksujd jod< fial'
w;=,a ;, - w,a,
wukqIHdê.DyS; - wukqIHhka wrla .;a
wdj¾ckd flfrñka- fufkys lrñka
weUq,a - iqÿ uyfk,a
b¢lgq l=<d - b¢lgq ouk fldmqj
Wol rdlaIihd - Èh rl=id
tAlÉýø - tla isÿrla we;s
tAlrkaO% - tla isÿrla we;s
tAldka;fhka - ksielfhka" ksYaÑ;j
l,amia:dhsl - l,amhla mj;sk
flf<kd - l%Svd lrkakd jQ
oKafvka - û,a& kgqfjka
okõj - rdcHhl ckdjdi jQ úYd, m%foaYh
Oj, - iqÿ
kshdj - nj
ksid - ms‚i
fkd lE úrE - fmr fkd lk ,o
fkd .sh úrE - fmr fkd hk ,o
kqmQ úrE - fmr fkd fndk ,o
mß.DyS; - wrla .;a
mdmshqï - mdo kue;s fk¨ï u,a
msßjrd - jgd /ia ù
mqIalrŒyq - fmdl=Kq
mQ¾jdmr ikaê .<md - l;djl wdrïNfha iy wjidkfha
iïnkaOh f.k yer olajd
m%d;syd¾h - ydialu$ukqIH;ajh blaujQ mqÿu
iy.; isÿùu
M,dM,fhla - f,dl= l=vd f.ä j¾.
^fmdl=Kg& ng - ^fmdl=Kg& neiaid jQ
ngqjka - neiai wh
nUqka - n%yauhka
fndai;dKka - nqoaO;ajh ms‚i fmreï mqrkakka
uqjl= id - uqjl= ;rï
hg;a msßfihska - wvq u jYfhka
f,daliajdó - f,djg kdhl jQ¦ tkï nqÿrcdKka
jykafia
j÷re uq< - j÷re rxpqj
j,g - le,Ejg
j,a jQfha h - le,Ejla njg m;a úh
jiÕhg - hg;g
i;H l%shd - ;udf.a i;H jQ .=Khla i,ld tu
i;Hfha n,fhka ;udf.a woyi
bgqfõjd hs lrk wêIaGdkh
iuDoaO jkafka h - id¾:l jkafka h" iM, jkafka h

i¾j{ - f,dj ish,a, o;a W;a;uhd¦
tkï nqÿrcdKka jykafia
iymsßjßka - msßjr iys;j
isidrd - jghla .uka lr
YY ,d[aPkh - ydjdf.a i,l=K
jkh - le,h
wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'

1' j÷re rxpqj Tjqkag yuq jQ fmdl=fKka meka fkd ìõfõ wehs@
2' j÷re kdhlhdf.a mÍlaIdjg wkqj ta fmdl=K fln÷ fmdl=Kla o@
3' Wol rdlaIihdf.a iajrEmh ,shkak'
4' j÷re msßi fmdl=Kg fkd nei meka ìõfõ flfia o@
5' j÷rka fmdl=Kg fkd neiSu ksid Wol rdlaIihd lf<a l=ula o@
6' k,mdk cd;l l;dfjka .; yels wdo¾Yh l=ula o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' iqÿiq ms<s;=re fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

¸' nqÿrcdKka jykafia k,mdk .ug jevu lr k,mdk fmdl=K
iómfhys jQ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jdih lrk wjia:dfõ '''''''''''''''''''
wrNhd k,mdk cd;lh foaYkd l<y'
¸¸' NslaIQka jykafia k,mdk kï fmdl=fKka meka ikyd ''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''' i|yd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,jd ng o~q lmamjd f.kajd
.;ay'
¸¸¸' tA ld,fhys fndaêi;a;ajfhda ;s;a uqjl= ;rï uy; we;s j÷re
rcl=j '''''''''''''''''''' muK j÷rka msßjrd f.k jdih lf<da h'
¸¹' uy fndai;dfKda tla ng oKavla f.kajd f.k ''''''''''''''''''''''''
wdj¾ckd lrñka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fldg uqLfhka msöu ksid
ish¨ ng o~q '''''''''''''''''''''' úh'

2' my; i|yka m%ldY ld úiska" ld yg" lshk ,o oehs ,shkak'
¸' “uyfKks" fï udf.a mqrd;kfhys wêIaGdkhle”
¸¸' “lsfula o orefjks" meka fkd fndõ o@”
¸¸¸' “tfia h" mekq;a fndïy' f;dm jiÕhg;a fkd meñfKïy”
3' my; i|yka m%ldY Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'
¸' “iajdókS" wms b¢lgq l=<d ksid ng o~q f.kajQïy”
¸¸' “orefjks" fï jkfhys úI jDlaIfhda;a wukqIHdê.DyS; jQ
mqIalr‚yq;a fj;a'''”
¸¸¸' “tAldka;fhka fï wukqIH mß.DyS; jQ fmdl=Kla jqj uekj”
¸¹' “fndaêi;a;ajjrhkaf.a l=i,a uy;a neúka is;+ foh iuDoaO
jkafka h'
¹' “fï l,amfhys l,amia:dhS jQ m%d;syd¾h i;frla jkafka h'”
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fuu mdvu ksjerÈ WÉpdrKh iys;j Y%e;s f.dapr ffY,sfhka

mka;sh bÈßfha y~ kÕd lshjkak'
2 my; i|yka jkafka ‘kßnEkd’ kdgHfhka Wmqgd .;a fldgils' th
kdgHdkqidrfhka lshjkak'
^kß f.or .u ÿj y`vñka isà' kßhd weh ikikak jEhï lrhs'&
kßhd( oeka b;ska Tfydu lk.dgqfjka bkak tmd' fudlla
o b;ska lk.dgqfjka bkak ;sfhk fya;=j' i;a;=
WKdg wms;a okakj §. lk yeá' ^.u ÿj je,fmk
ieá n,d& b;ska ´lg Th yeá lE.ykak ´ke he'
wofk wïu, tk oji' ÿjf. oEjeoao;a wrx tkj
lsõfj'
^fï w;r kE.x meñKs wh msg; isg&
kß nEfkda fï wykak
oEjeoao;a wrx fukak
wms wdjd ¥ n,kak
f.g tkakg fodr wßkak
^foujqmshka meñK y`v .dk Yíoh weiqK kßhd m%S;sfhka ta nj .u ÿjg
mjihs'&

kßhd( b;sx iekfikak
fyd¢ka mq¿jka fk
foujqmsfhd fokak
weú;a wr bkafk
fuf;la Wv mekafk
.ñka tklka fk
yq`.la oEjeoao
f.k;a we;s fjkake
f.dvla nvq uqÜgq
f.k;a we;s fjkake
fyd¢ka l,ßkak
b;ska mq¿jka fk
.u ÿj( ^l,n, ù ysi Tijd&
fudlla o lsõfj@
.ñx weúÈ,a,æ
kßhd( .ñx weúÈ,a,
.ñx weúÈ,a,
lejqï flfy¨;a fnd
wrx weúÈ,a,
b;sx ke.sákak
fo weia msy.kak
fyd¢ka yerfykak
.sysx fodrßkak
foujqmsfhd fokak
fyd¢ka ms<s.kak
^.u ÿj ú.i ke.sg ,l,eyeia;s ù f.dia fodr wßhs' .urd," .u uyf. iy
lmqrd, we;=¿ fj;s' .urd,f.a ysi u; lejqï fmÜáhla fjhs'&
kßhd( n,x wms Wkafk
tfyx tklka fk
fufyx b| .kak
fufyx b|.kak
îsh,af,da u jdä fj;s&
^.u ÿjg&

nq,;a úg lkak
.syska f.k tkak
^.u ÿj msg fjhs&
kß nEkd( ^.u uyf.g&
jevla lr .kak
Woõjg .kak
flfkla wr.kak
;uhs uu bkafk
^.u ÿj f.kd b,;a;Ügqj .u uyf.g ms<s.kajñka&
nq,;a yemshela o
fldgkav o kekafo
.u uyf.( lula keye nEfkd
ymkakg yelals
^.u uyf. b,;a;Ügqj .kshs' kßhd .urd, fj; hhs'&
kßhd( iqreÜgq o fndkafk
nq,;a u o lkafk
.urd,( fykx f.k tkak
iqreÜgqj fndkak
^kßhd .u uyf.f.ka b,;a;Ügqj f.k th lmqrd,g ms<s.kajhs' lmqrd,
odäh msôhs'&
kßhd( mhsx weúÈ,a,
uykais o ukao
lmqrd,( f.däka mek .;a;
yq`.la <`. yskao
kßhd( îqreÜgqj f.k taug msg;a ù kej; yeÍ&
fufy;a yß jeiai
tfy;a fyu fjkake
ish,a,( wfmdhs yß jeiai
fj,;a W;=rkak
^kßhd iqreÜgqjla f.kú;a .urd,g fohs'&

uydm%dK wlaIr
my; i|yka jpk ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh lrkak'
^w& ^wd&
l l;r.u L ixL
. .x.dj > ix>hd
p pß;h P Pkaoh
c ck;dj ® ®dk
g glru G mSGh
v lvh V wdrEV
; ;r.h : ia:dk
o oyj,a O O¾uh
m myk M m%;sM,h
n nÿ,a, N Nhdkl
‘w’ ;Srfha we;s jpkj, háka bß we¢ wl=re WÉpdrKfha § iy ‘wd’

;Srfha we;s jpkj, háka bß we¢ wl=re WÉpdrKfha § hï fjkila
y÷kd .; yels oehs n,kak'
‘w’ ;Srfha wl=re WÉpdrKh lrkjdg jvd jeä y~lska ‘wd’ ;Srfha
wl=re WÉpdrKh flfrk nj wjfndaO lr .; yels h' tfia jvd jeä
y~lska WÉpdrKh flfrk wl=re ‘uydm%dK wl=re’ f,i;a uydm%dK
wl=re Yío flfrkjdg jvd wvq yçka Yío flfrk wl=re ‘w,amm%dK
wl=re’ f,i;a ye¢kafõ'

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' mdvfï i|yka jk uydm%dK wl=re iys; jpk ish,a, ,ehsia;=.;

lrkak'
2' iqÿiq wlaIr fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'
ix'''''''j ^lHd$LHd& ''''';a;drduh ^fl$fL&

'''''''klh ^.$>& Woafhda'''''h ^.$>&
'''''''hd rEmh ^pd$Pd& mßÉ'''''''oh ^fÉ$fþ&
jÊ'''''' mq;a;l ^ð$¯& .sÊ'''''l+G ^c$®&
.+'''''' ^v$V& l+'''''h ^v$V&
ia''''''jr ^;d$:d& m%'''''m;a;sh ^;s$Ó&
wjfnda'''''h ô$O& '''''laIsK ô$O&
mqIa'''''h ^m$M& j¾.''''',h ^m$M&
i[a[l wlaIr
my; i|yka jpk ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh lrkak'
^w& ^wd&
. w. - Õ wÕ
v wv - ~ w~
o wo - | w|
n wn - U wU
‘w’
;Srfha jpkj, háka bß we¢ wl=re WÉpdrKfha § iy ‘wd’ ;Srfha
we;s jpkj, háka bß we¢ wl=re WÉpdrKfha § hï fjkila y÷kd
.; yels oehs n,kak'
isxy, f,aLkfha yuq jk Õ `c ~ | U hk wl=re my i[a[l wl=re
fjhs'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' mdvfuys i|yka jk i[a[l wlaIr iys; jpk my ne.ska fidhd
wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'
2' Õ" `v" |" U hk i[a[l wlaIrj,g úúO ms,a,ï tl;= ù iEfok
jpk fol ne.ska fidhd wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'

k" K" ," < Ndú;h
k K
, <
WÉpdrKfha § fï wlaIr iudk yçka Yío jqj;a ,sùfï § wod< wl=r
kshñ; ia:dkfha fkd fhÿKfyd;a w¾:h fjkia úh yels h' ksjerÈ
wl=r iïu;h wkqj ,sùu ms<s.;a f,aLk Í;sh hs'
WodyrK(-
^»& l+vqfõ isr ù" irKla ke;sj isá l=re,a,d wyfia irk l=re,a,l=
foi n,d ÿla jkq we;ehs <uhdg is;s‚'
fuu WodyrKfha m<uqj fhfok “irKla” hkak “msysgla” hk
w¾:fhka o fojk “irk” hkak “yeisfrk” hk w¾:fhka o fh§
we;'
^»»& me,g .sh f.dúhd f.dhï me< mS§ ;sfnkq oel i;=gq úh'
fuys “me,g” hk jpkh ;djld,slj iE¥ l=vd u~qj hk w¾:fhka
fhfok w;r fojkqj fhfok “me<” hkak l=vd .ia hk w¾:fhka o
fhfoa'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; i|yka jpk hq., fhdod w¾:j;a jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'
i' l, - l< iv' jkh - jKh
ii' kqjk - kqjK v' Wrk - WrK
iii' me, - me<
2' mdvfï i|yka uQ¾Oc wlaIr iys; jpk f;dard w¾:j;a jdlHh
ne.ska ks¾udKh lrkak'
3' iqÿiq wlaIrh fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'
niakej;=ï fmd'''''' ^," <& uE''''''fhda ^ks" ‚&
t''''''kjd ^," <& fõ''''''kjd ^," <&
mÍlaI'''''''h ^k" K& n'''''''kjd ^ks" ‚&
uy''''''' ksjdih ^¨" ¿& jod'''''' ^," <&
4' ‘K’ wl=frka wjidk jk jpk myla fidhd ,shkak'
5' ‘<’ wl=frka wdrïN jk jpk myla fidhd ,shkak'
9 ls%hd mo yd tys m%fNao
NdIdj ud¾.fhka woyia m%ldY lrkqfha wre;a iys; tall jk

mo ud¾.fhks' l;dfjys § wre;a m< flfrkqfha Yíoj,ska
ieÿKq mo Ndú;fhks' tu mo f,aLkfhys ,d wlaIrj,ska ,shd
oelafjhs' isxy,fhys mo j¾. ;=kls' kdu mo" l%shd mo yd
ksmd; hkq ta j¾. ;=k hs' jdlHhla ilia jkafka fï j¾.
;=kg wh;a mo ksis ms<sfj<g fm< .eiqKq úg h' fï mdvu
isxy,fha l%shd mo yd tys m%fNao ms<sn|j ,shjqKls' jpk fNaoh"
ld, fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh yd ,sx. fNaoh mokï fldg .ksñka
l%shd mo j¾.SlrKh fuys oelafõ'
Èjhsfka wksla me;af;a jdihg hdug lghq;= wdrïN l< hq;= h hs

fndaÜgqj w¨;ajeähd lsÍu wjika l< jyd u rKrd, fhdackd flf<a h'
uqyqfoka nvq f.dv we§u ta lghq;= ksid k;r lsÍug isÿ úh' levqKq
keúka uqyqog jegqKq øjHj,ska úYd, fldgila ;j u uqyqfoys md fjñka
we;' fjr<ska f.k f.dia l+vdrïj, ;ekam;a l< fkd yels jQ nvq
uqyqo m%pKav jQ úg r<g wiq ù h<s;a uqyqog .id f.k hdu je<elaùug
fjr<ska wE;g weo wõfjka wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd je,sj,ska jik ,È'
Èjhsfka wksla md¾Yajfhys jdihg hdfï lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,oafoa
h' Tjqyq tl l+vdrula .e<jQy' l+vdru;a tys ;snQ fuÜg yd we;sß,s;a
m<uq fldg fndaÜgqfjka wksla me;a;g f.k hdug ;SrKh lr .kakd
,È' rKrd,;a mshodi;a nvq fndaÜgqfõ oud th fjr<ska u|la wE;g
yn,ska meo rej, kexjQy' meh follska Tjqyq Èjhsfka wksla me;a;g
meñ‚fhda h' jyd u wdmiq hdu i|yd Tjqyq blaukska nvq f.dv wÈkag
jQy'
“oeka W,amf;a yeá fldfydu o lshd n,uq'” hs mshodi fhdackd flf<a h'
Tjqyq tys .shy' j< msßisÿ Èfhka msÍ ;snqfKa h'
“fuÉpr fyd| j;=r uu ljod j;a oelafla keye” hs mshodi lS h'
“wms fï me;af;a mÈxÑhg wdjd u fï W,amf;ka u j;=r ,nd .kag
mq¿jka jk úêhg fijK we;s ;eklska <s|la ydrkag ´kE"”hs rKrd,
lSfõ h' “fu;k fijKla ke;s ksid <sf|a j;=r blaukg wvq fjkag
mq¿jks'”
t;ekska bj;a jQ jyd u Tjqyq fndaÜgqjg keÕ wdmiq .shy' Tjqka tmuK
blaukska wdmiq tau iurúl%uf.a;a úu,df.a;a mqÿuhg fya;= úh'
“fndfydu blaukg wdjd fka o@” hs úu,d lSjd h'
“fuÉpr blaukg ta h hs uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqfKa keye” hs iurúl%u
lS h'
“wïfï" wksla mdr uu;a fndaÜgqfjka hkjd” hs Yr;a lE .eiqfõ h'
“Yr;a wms;a tlal fndaÜgqfjka hkak ;j wä folla ú;r Wia fjkag
´kE” hs fmd,a .ila hg ys| .ksñka rKrd, lS h'
miq Èk rKrd, bjqï msiqï i|yd wjYH Ndck o fjk;a nvq rdYshla o
fndaÜgqfjys mgjd f.k Èjhsfka wksla me;a; n,d hd;%d flf<a h' Bg
u| fõ,djlg miq mshodi t¿jka f.däka Èjhsfkys wksla me;a;g f.k
hdug msg;a úh' myiqfjka f.k hd yels we;eï NdKav ysi msg mgjd
.;a ìfidaue‚ld;a Tyq iuÕ .shd h' iurúl%u úu,df.a o <uhskaf.a o
wdrlaIdj i|yd l+vdrfuys kej;=fKa h' mshodi yd ìfidaue‚ld;a
iuÕ ;udg;a hdug bv fokakehs b,a,d Yr;a y`vkag jQ kuq;a úu,d
Bg bv kqÿkakd h'
mshodi;a ìfidaue‚ld;a Èjhsfka wksla me;a;g meñfKk úg rKrd,
;ud fndaÜgqfjys f.kd nvq fjrf<ys ;nd .ila hg ys| isáfha h'
Bg fmr Èk f.kd l+vdru rKrd, mshodif.a yd ìfidaue‚ldf.a o
Wmldrh we;sj bÈ flf<a h' blaì;s Tjqyq bjqï msiqï lsÍug ;ekla
iQodkï l<y'
wk;=rej Tjqyq ;=ka fokd wdmiq taug fndaÜgqfjys keÕ=Kdy' fndaÜgqj
.,a jeáfhka Tíng hk f;la rKrd, th yn,ska meo rej, kexù h'
miq Èk Èjhsfka wksla me;af;ys jdihg hdug ish,af,da u ieriqKdy'
ysre keÕ=Kq jyd u keÕsá Tjqyq .ukg iQodkï jQy' rKrd, b;sßj
;snqKq l+vdru .,jd yl=<d fndaÜgqfjys ;enqfõ h' blaì;sj l+vdrfï
;snqKq fuÜg yd we;sß,s;a fndaÜgqjg f.k hk ,È' msÕka fldamam
wdÈh o fjk;a we;eï Ndck o fndaÜgqfõ ;eìh yels jk f,i Tjqyq
Woh wdydrh wkqNj lsÍu blaukska wjika l<y'

fï nvq fndaÜgqfõ mgjd .;a rKrd, hd;%drïN flf<a h' Bg meh
Nd.hlg muK miq iurúl%u yd úu,d o mshodi yd wksla <uhs o
le,h yryd wksla me;a;g hdug msg;a jQy' ìfidaue‚ld iqcd;d w;ska
w,a,d f.k .shd h' úu,d Yr;a w;ska w,a,d f.k .uka l<d h'
“wïudj tlal hkafka uu h”hs fmd,a .iaj, flgqï ,l=Kq n,ñka
bÈßfhka .uka lrk mshodig Yr;a lSfõ h' ie;emau folla muK .uka
l< miq ;u ll=,a ßfok nj lshd Yr;a y`vkag jQ fyhska iurúl%u Tyq
Tijd f.k hkag úh' fiñka .uka lsÍu;a lSm ;ekl kej;S .suka
yeÍu;a ksid Tjqkag Èjhsk yryd hdug meh y;rla muK .; úh'
Tjqka Èjhsfka wksla me;a;g hk úg rKrd, Tjqka i|yd wdydr msiñka
isáfha h' ;j;a l+vdrula bÈ lsÍu;a ;uka f.kd nvq ;ekam;a lsÍu;a
yefrkag tÈk Tjqkag wka lsisjla lsÍug bv fkd ,enqfKa h'
rKrd," Ô' î' fiakdkdhl
^lemagka mafrâßla ueßhÜ ,shQ udiag¾uka frä kue;s bx.sßis kjl;dj
weiqßka <uhska i|yd ,shk ,oaols&'
ls%hd mo
my; oelafjk jdlH foi n,kak'

¸' ìfidaue‚ld;a Tyq iuÕ .shd h'
¸¸' j< msßisÿ Èfhka msÍ ;snqfKa h'
¸¸¸' l+vdrula bÈ l< hq;= nj rKrd<g is;s‚'
fuys
“.shd h” hk mofhka hula lrk njla o"
“msÍ ;snqfKa h” hk mofhka hï isÿùula .ek o"
“is;s‚” hk mofhka hï ú£ula .ek o lshfõ'
³ ta wkqj “lsÍula" isÿùula fyda ú£ula” .ek lshefjk mo" ls%hd
mo kñka ye¢kafjhs'
by; jdlHj, ‘.shd h" msÍ ;snqfKa h" is;s‚’ hk moj,ska jdlH
wjidk lr we;' tneúka tajd wdLHd; fyj;a wjidk ls%hd f,i
ye¢kafjhs'

jpk fNaoh
¸' rKrd, fhdackd flf<a h'
¸¸' Tjqyq bjqï msyqï lsÍug ;ekla iQodkï l<y'
fuu jdlH foflka m<uq jekafka Wla;h tal jpk ksid Bg

wkqrEmj fhfok wdLHd;h o tal jpk iajrEmfhka mj;S' fojekafka
Wla;h zTjqyqZ hkak hs' th nyq jpk mohla ksid wdLHd;h nyq
jpkfhka ;nd we;'
¸' u,a,S lúhla ,shhs' ¸' Tjqyq lú ,sh;s'
¸¸' kqU .Shla .hys' ¸¸' kqU,d .Shla .hyq'
¸¸¸' uu fmd;la lshjñ' ¸¸¸' wms fmd;la lshjuq'
fuu jdlH f.dkq foflka jï mi f.dkqfõ jdlHj, wjidk ls%hd

mo —,shhs" .hhs" lshjñ˜ hkqfjka o ol=Kq mi f.dkqfõ —,sh;s" .hyq"
lshjuq˜ hkqfjka o fh§ we;' Wla;h jYfhka fhfok mofha tal
jpk nyq jpk fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;j, o tal jpk nyq jpk fyaohla
mj;sk nj fuhska meyeÈ,s fõ'
ls%hd mo
tal jpk nyq jpk

,shhs$.hys$lshjñ ,sh;s$.hyq$lshjuq
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' § we;s l;dfõ tk ls%hd mo tal jpk" nyq jpk jYfhka j.= .;
lrkak'
tal jpk nyq jpk

2' j.=fjka Wmqgd .;a tal jpk ls%hd mo myla nyq jpkhg yrjkak'
3' tfia ilia lrk ,o nyq jpk ls%hd mo fhdod jdlH myla ks¾udKh
lrkak'
4' j.=fjka Wmqgd .;a nyq jpk ls%hd mo myla tal jpkhg yrjkak'
5' tfia ilia lr .kakd ,o tal jpk ls%hd mo fhdod jdlH myla
ks¾udKh lr ,shkak'

mqreI fNaoh
by; oelajQ ls%hd moj, W;a;u mqreI" uOHu mqreI yd m%:u mqreI
hkqfjka mqreI fNaohla o olakg ,efí' my; oelafjk igykska ta
neõ meyeÈ,s fõ'
mqreI tal jpk nyq jpk
W;a;u mqreI ûu&'''''''''''' lshjñ' ^wms&''''''''''''' lshjuq'
uOHu mqreI ^kqU&''''''''''' .hys' ^kqU,d&'''''''''' .hyq'
m%:u mqreI ^Tyq&'''''''''''' ,shhs' ^Tjqyq&''''''''''''' ,sh;s'
ta wkqj"
³ Wla;h f,i W;a;u mqreI i¾j kdu mohla fhfok jdlHhl
wdLHd;h ^wjidk ls%hdj& f,i Ndú; lrk ls%hd moh W;a;u
mqreI fõ'
W;a;u mqreI Wla;h W;a;u mqreI wdLHd;h

uu ^fmd;a& n,ñ'
wms ^fmd;a& n,uq'
³ Wla;h jYfhka uOHu mqreI i¾j kduhla fhfok jdlHhl
wdLHd;h f,i Ndú; lrk ls%hd moh uOHu mqreI fõ'

uOHu mqreI Wla;h uOHu mqreI wdLHd;h
kqU$f;da$hqIau;d ^fmd;a& n,ys'
kqU,d $f;dms $hqIau;ayq ^fmd;a& n,yq'
³ m%:u mqreI kdu mohla Wla;h f,i fhfok jdlHhl wdLHd;h

f,i Ndú; lrk ls%hd moh m%:u mqreI fõ'
m%:u mqreI Wla;h m%:u mqreI wdLHd;h

Tyq$ weh$ <uhd ^fmd;a& n,hss'
Tjqyq $<uhs ^fmd;a& n,;s'
ls%hd mo
W;a;u mqreI uOHu mqreI m%:u mqreI
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' mdvfï tk ls%hd mo mqreI ;=k hgf;a fjka fldg olajkak'
W;a;u mqreI uOHu mqreI m%:u mqreI

2' Tn leu;s ls%hd mohla f;dard f.k th my; oelafjk igykg
wkqj jpkj,g;a mqreIj,g;a j¾. lr j.= .; lrkak'
mqreIh tal jpk nyq jpk
W;a;u mqreI
uOHu mqreI
m%:u mqreI
3' iqÿiq ls%hd mo jryka ;=<ska f;dard jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'
¸' uu w¨;a f,djla ''' ¸¸' wms w¨;a f,djla '''
¸¸¸' kqU w¨;a f,djla ''' ¸¹' kqU,d w¨;a f,djla '''
¹' <uhd w¨;a f,djla ''' ¹¸' <uhs w¨;a f,djla '''
^;k;s" ;kuq" ;kyq" ;kys" ;kñ" ;khs&
ld, fNaoh
¸' mdßfNda.slfhda fj<| m<g .sfhda h'
¸¸' ó ueiafida u,a frdka Wrd îfjda h'
¸¸¸' Tyq ish ks¾udKh ksud lf<a h'
¸¹' uu úfoia.; jQfhñ'
¹' wms úfoia.; jQfhuq'
³ fï jdlHj, we;s “.sfha h" .sfhda h" îfjda h" lf<a h" jQfhñ"
jQfhuq” hk ls%hd moj,ska lshfjk ls%hdj isÿ lr wjika h'
tneúka tajd w;S; ld, ls%hd mo f,i y÷kajuq'
¸' uu .S;hla ri ú¢ñ$ú¢kafkñ'
¸¸' wms lS%vd ;r.hg iyNd.S fjuq$jkafkuq'
¸¸¸' ksfõolhd ujqni yodrhs$yodrkafka h'
³ fïjdfha tk ls%hd moj,ska j¾;udk ld, w¾:hla m%ldY lrhs'
¸' uu fyg .S;hla ri ú¢ñ$ú¢kafkñ'

¸¸' wms fyg lS%vd ;r.hg iyNd.s fjuq$jkafkuq'
¸¸¸' ksfõolhd wksoaod ujq ni yodrhs$yodrkafka h'

³ fï jdlHj, we;s j¾;udk ls%hd moj,ska" wkd.; w¾:hla m%ldY
lsÍu i|yd fyg" wksoaod hk wkd.; w¾: f.k fok mo fhdod f.k
we;' uq,a f.dkq foflys jdlHj, ;sfnk ls%hd moj, w;S;" j¾;udk
hk ld, fol meyeÈ,sj olakg we;;a f;jk f.dkqfõ jdlHj,
wkd.; ld, ls%hd mohla olakg ke;' ta i|yd j¾;udk ld, ls%hd
mohla iu. wkd.; ld, w¾:hla m%ldY lrk mohla fhdod .kakd
nj ta wkqj meyeÈ,s fõ'
ls%hd mo
w;S; wk;S;
j¾;udk wkd.;
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' § we;s l;d mqjf;a tk ls%hd mo" ld, fNaoh wkqj j¾. lr olajkak'
2' my; oelafjk jdlH w;S; ld, ls%hd mo fhdod iïmQ¾K lrkak'
¸' ix.S;{hd ñysß jdokhla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸' wms fõ,dikska u mqia;ld,hg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸¸' uu ms<s.ekSfï W;aijh ne,Sug '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¹' .=re;=ud isxy, mdvu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¹' Tjqyq w,s wkd:d.drh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' my; oelafjk jdlH j¾;udk ld, ls%hd mo fhdod iïmQ¾K
lrkak'
¸' l=re,af,da wyfia mshdir '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸' jk i;a;= le,Efõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸¸' Tjqyq nia keje;=u lrd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¹' ldka;dj uys,d iñ;shg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¹' YsIHfhda lS%vd ;r.hg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' my; oelafjk jdlH wkd.; w¾:h m%ldY jk mo fhdod ,shkak'
¸' uu úNd.hg bÈßm;a ùug hñ$hkafkñ'
¸¸' wms fmryer ne,Sug huq$hkafkuq'
¸¸¸' Wmdisldj úydria:dkhg hhs$hkakS h'
¸¹' iñ;sfha idudðlfhda u< f.org iyNd.S fj;s$jkafkda h'
,sx. fNaoh
¸' ñ;=rd fmd;la ;E.s lf<a h'
¸¸' ñ;=ßh fmd;la ;E.s l<d h'
fuys m<uq jdlHfha ‘ñ;=rd’ hk Wla;hg ‘lf<a h’ hk wdLHd;h;a
fojeks jdlHfha ‘ñ;=ßh’ hk Wla;hg ‘l<d h’ hk wdLHd;h;a fh§
we;'
tfia fh§ we;af;a Wla;fha ,sx.hg wkqj h'
lf<a h hkafkka mqreI ,sx. w¾:h;a"
l<d h hkafkka ia;S% ,sx. w¾:h;a m%ldY fjhs'
³ fufia ,sx. fNaoh hgf;a j¾. l< yelafla m%:u mqreIhg

wh;a ls%hd mo mu‚'
¸' ñ;=rd fmd;la ;E.s lrhs'

¸¸' ñ;=ßh fmd;la ;E.s lrhs'
¸¸¸' ñ;=frda fmd;a ;E.s lr;s'
¸¹' ñ;=ßfhda fmd;a ;E.s lr;s'
³ fuu jdlHj, ls%hd mohkays ia;S% ,sx." mqreI ,sx. fNaohla
olakg ke;'
orejd ìug jefghs'
oeßh ìug jefghs'
fmd; ìug jefghs'

³ ta wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka isxy, NdIdfõ tk iuyr ls%hd
moj, ,sx. fNaohla olakg ,enqK o fndfyda ls%hd moj, ,sx.
fNaohla olakg ke;'
ls%hd mo
ia;S% ,sx. mqreI ,sx.
,sÅ; wNHdi

1' § we;s l;d mqjf;a tk ls%hd mo ,sx. fNaoh wkqj j¾. lrkak'
2' my; oelafjk jdlH w;S; ld, ls%hd mo fhdod iïmQ¾K lrkak'
¸' kx.S lS%vd kdhsldj '''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸' fidfydhqrd úNd.h iu;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸¸' uj orejka fmdaIKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¹' oeßh ìug ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¹' .=re;=ñh .Shla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' Tn leu;s ls%hd mohla f;dard f.k my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
w;S; wk;S;
tal jpk nyq jpk tal jpk nyq jpk
W;a;u mqreI
uOHu mqreI
m%:u ia;S%
mqreI ,sx.
mqreI
,sx.

10 jdlH ks¾udKh
óg by; mdvïj, § kdu mo yd l%shd mo .ek;a tajdfha j¾.

lsÍï .ek;a yeoErefjuq' oeka kdu mo yd ls%hd mo Ndú; fldg
jdlH ks¾udKh lruq'

<uhd me<hla isgqjhs'
) fuys ‘issgqjhs’ hk wdLHd;fhka isgqjkafka ljqre o hk m%Yakh
u;= fjhs' ms<s;=r jkafka ‘<uhd’ hkak hs'
th jdlHfha ‘Wla;h’hs'
) isgqjkafka fudkjd o hkak B <`.g u;= jk m%Yakh hs'
thg ms<s;=r jkafka ‘me<Eáhla’ hkak hs'
th jdlHfha l¾uh hs'
<uhd lrkafka l=ula o hk m%Yakh u;= lrkak' thg ms<s;=r
jkafka ‘isgqjhs’ hkak hs' th <uhd lrk ls%hdj hs' jdlHh
iïmQ¾K jkafka fï ls%hdj fh§fuks' ls%hdj iys; fldgi
‘wdLHd;h’hs'
) fï wkqj ir, jdlHhl¦
1' Wla;h 2' l¾uh 3' ls%hdj
hkqfjka m%Odk fldgia ;=kls'
<uhd me<hla isgqjhs
  
Wla;h l¾uh ls%hdj
) l¾uhla fkdue;sj o w¾: mQ¾K jdlH mj;S'
WodyrK(- i| mdhhs
u,a msfmhs'

jdlH ks¾udKfha § iïu; rgd mj;S' tjeks rgd lSmhla y÷kd .ksuq'
1' Wla;h m%dKjdÖ tal jpk kï wdLHd;h o tal jpk fjhs'
f.dúhd l=Uqr fldghs'
2' Wla;h m%dKjdÖ nyq jpk kï wdLHd;h o nyq jpk fjhs'

f.dúfhda l=Uqr fldg;s'
3'
Wla;h wm%dKjdÖ tal jpk jqj;a nyq jpk jqj;a wdLHd;h tal
jpk fjhs'
.i iq<`.g fi,fjhs'
.ia iq<`.g fi,fjhs'
4' Wla;fha mqreIh wkqj wdLHd;h o tu mqreIfhka u fhfohs' my;

igyfkka tal jpk" nyq jpk fNaoh wkqj mqreI ;=fkys jdlH
ks¾udKh jk wdldrh y`ÿkd .; yels h'
mqreIh tal jpk nyq jpk
W;a;u mqreI uu mdvï lrñ' wms mdvï lruq'
Tn mdvï lrys' Tn mdvï lryq'

uOHu mqreI f;da mdvï lrys' f;dms mdvï lryq'
hqIau;d mdvï lrys' hqIau;ayq mdvï lryq'
Tyq mdvï lrhs' Tjqyq mdvï lr;s'

m%:u mqreI YsIHhd mdvï lrhs' YsIHfhda mdvï lr;s'
YsIHdj mdvï lrhs' YsIHdfjda mdvï lr;s'
³ w;S; yd wk;S; hk ld, wkqj o jdlH ks¾udKh ilia úh yels h'

YsIHhd fmd; mdvï lrhs'$lrkafka h' ^wk;S; ld,&
YsIHhd fmd; mdvï lf<a h' ^w;S; ld,&

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' .e<fmk Wla; mo ysia ;ekg fhdod jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mdi,g hkafkñ' ûu$ud&
¸¸' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .=reka kuÈuq' ^wm$wms&
¸¸¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kegqï n,kakg hkafkyq' ^f;dms$f;dm&
¸¼' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wyfia mshdir lr;s' ^l=re,af,da$l=re,a,ka&
¼' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' frda.Ska /l n,d .ks;s' ^fyÈhka$fyÈfhda&
2' iqÿiq wdLHd; mo fhdod jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'
¸' Tjqyq jkhg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^msúishy$msúisfha h'&

¸¸' uj orejka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^rlskakS h$/laflda h'&
¸¸¸' .x.d uqyqog .,d ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^niS$niskafkda h'&
¸¼' fndfyda isjqmd i;a;= jkfha ''''''''''''''''' îeßir;s$ießierefõ h'&
¼' ixpdrlfhda fmryer '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^kerUQy$kerUqfõ h'&
3' my; oelafjk wk;S; ld, jdlH w;S; ld,hg yrjd ,shkak'
¸' uu mqj;am; lshjñ'

¸¸' Tn .ug hkakys'
¸¸¸' ñksiaiq Y%uodkhg iyNd.s fj;s'
¸¼' l=re,af,da leo,s lrd mshdUkafkda h'
¼' YsIHfhda mqia;ld,hg h;s'

11 l,d jejg mska §,d m,h,a,d
f.dú;ek Ôjfkdamdh lr .;a ,dxlsl ckhdg c,h ta i|yd

w;HjYH úh' jeis Èh muKla Bg m%udKj;a fkdjQ ksid c,dY
;kd c,h /ia lr .ekSug Tjqyq fm,UqKy' jeõ ks¾udKh jQfha
tys m%;sM,hla jYfhks' jej hkq ,dxlsl wmg u wdfõ‚l jQ
jdß ;dlAI‚l wx.hls' wd¾' t,a' fn%daysh¾ úiska rpkd l< The
Seeing Ceylon lD;sh fn%daysh¾ ÿgq ,xldj kñka wNh fyajdjiï
uy;d úiska isxy, NdIdjg mßj¾;kh lr we;' ta weiqfrka
,sheù we;s fuu mdvug l,d jej iïnkaO f;dr;=re mdol ù
we;'
,xldfõ jeõ yd ine¢ ukyr ckm%jdo fõ' l,d jej iïnkaOfhka

m%p,s;j mj;sk ckm%jdohla fufia h'
wE; w;S;fha § wkqrdOmqrfha lvjr kï ñksfila jQfha h' fudyq ish
Nd¾hdjf.a flfkys,slïj,ska fíÍug uyd jkdka;rhg .sfha ksù
iekis,af,a i;=áka Ôj;a ùug h' fuu isÿùfuka fodf<dia jirlg
miqj rc jdi,g uqj uia iemhQ uia jeoaod rc;=udg jd¾;d lf<a
k.rfhka mek f.dia le,Efõ Ôj;a jk ñksil= uyd ksOdkhla /l
f.k isák nj hs'
fï mqj;ska le,UqKq rcq k.rfha .sksfldk È.g ie;mqï 25la wE;ska
msysgd ;snQ fuu ia:dkhg .sfha h' f.dia lvjr keue;s ñksid
w;awvx.=jg f.k ;ud wìhig le|jd ksOdkh ms<sn| m%Yak flf<a
h' Tyq lshd isáfha l,je,a f.dkaklska c,h nei hk ud¾.h weysÍ
;sfnk ksid" c,h tla /ia ù ie;mqï .Kkdjla wE;g me;sr ;sfnk
c,dYhla ñi ;uka okakd fjk;a ksOdkhla fkdue;s nj hs'
fuys iaÓr c,dYhla ìys lsÍfï yelshdj ÿgq rc;=ud b;d m%S;shg m;aj
l,d jej ks¾udKh flf<a h' fï uyd jdß l¾udka;h ksu jQ miq th
n,d .ekSug rc;=ud úiska lvjr
m;a lrk ,È'


tla Èkl uyd j¾Idjlg miqj fï
jefõ c,h ldkaÿ jkakg úh' fï
c, ldkaÿj jyd u keje;ajQfha
ke;akï jeõ neïu t;ekska leã
hdug bv we;s nj lvjr ÿgqfõ h'
fï ldkaÿj kj;ajd .ekSug wka
l%uhla kqÿgq lvjr c,hg nei
;u isrer tA ldkaÿ jk ia:dkhg
;nd ;o lrñka c, ldkaÿj
keje;aù h' fï l%shdfõ § Tyq l,d jej
ñh .sh kuqÿ fï lem ùfï mska
uysuh ksid fya lvjr foúhka
ke;fyd;a l,d jej wê.DyS;
foúhka yeáhg Wmkafka h'
fï l;dj me/kakka fldmuK
weoyqfõ o h;a mer‚ jdk Wv
lvjr foúhka fjkqfjka lem jQ
foajd,hla o bÈ flß‚' ,xldj
n;ska nq,;ska fmdaIKh lsÍug
wêIaGdk lr.;a md,lfhla
miajk ishjfia § l,d jej yd jeõ neïu
n,¨ jej hk jeõ hq., tla lr
úYd, c,dYhla bÈ flf<A h' tA
Od;=fiak rcq h' fufia úYd,
c,dYhla l< rc;=ud" tu c,h wä
40la muK m<, fhdaO we< Tiafia
ie;mqï 54la ÿr we;s wkqrdOmqrhg
f.k .sfha h' ishjia oyihlg
fmr tn÷ uyd mßudKfha we<la
tjka N+ñ Nd.hl ks¾udKh lf<a
flfia o hkak úu;shg lreKls'
m<uq ie;mqï odyf;a § th fifuka
we§ hkafka ie;mqug wÕ,a
j¾;udk lvjr foajd,h

yhla muK nEjqula we;sj h'
Od;=fiak rcq úiska l,d Th
ksïkfha mqrd;k bxðfkarejka
,jd lrjQ fï úYaවl¾u
ks¾udKhg wu;rj ;j;a úYsIag
mqrella fuhg tla lf<a h' tkï
jdß ud¾. u.ska c,h iemhsh
yels j¾. ie;mqï 18l jmißhla
;=< l=vd .%dóh jeõ 100la bÈ lr jdk
tA iSudj ;=< wx. iïmQ¾K jdß
ud¾. moaO;shla ìys lsÍu hs'
wog o l,d jejg kqjr l,dúh
jeisfhda .re nqyquka olaj;s'
fun÷ ck lúhla Tjqka w;r
mj;skafka tneúks'
“l,d jefjka Èh foda;la îm,a,d
l,d jejg mska §,d m,h,a,d”
,xldfõ úYsIag;u jdk msysgd
we;af;a l,d jefõ h' fuh
l¿., lmd idod we;' fï jdk
uE; ld,hkays m%;sixialrKfhys § r<mkdj
mjd tfia u ;sfnkakg bv yer
we;' fuh wä 216la m<, wä
170la È.= tlls' fuh tlල
ks¾udKh flreKq mqÿudldr
ks¾udKhls' tl, isá Ys,amshdf.a
bjis,sjka;lu;a olaI nj;a ñka
ms<sìUq flf¾' úi,a jejl ;j;a
jeo.;a wx.hla f,i r<mkdj
y÷kajd Èh yels h' fuh" Èh /,s
jefõ we;=¿ ì;a;sfha je§fuka
ydks meñŒu je<elaùu i|yd
fhdod f.k we;a;ls' Èh /,af,ka ìfidafldgqj ^msg; fmkqu&

jeõ neïu wdrlaId ùu fuu ks¾udKh ksid isÿ fõ' ;=kajk ishjfia
isg u úYd, jeõj, ìfida fldgqj Ndú;j ;sì‚' ‘c,h niaijkjd’
hk w¾:h “ìfida fldgqj” hk jpkfhys we;' fuu`.ska c,h md,kh
l< yels jQjdla fuka u uq¿ukska kj;d oeóu o l< yels úh' ìfida
fldgq i;= úi,a fodrm¨ oefjka ksujd ;snQ w;r fïjd tieùug we;=ka
fhdod .;a nj is;sh yels h'
f.dkaklska - úYd, m%udKhlska
flfkys,slï - lror$ ysßyer
jeõ hq., - jeõ fol
jdk - jefõ w;sßla; c,h nei hdug idod we;s
lfmd,a,
kqjr l,dúh - kqjr jej" moúh jej" l,d jej" hk jeõ
;=fkka fmdaIs; m%foaYh kqjr l,dúh f,i
y÷kajhs'
wjfndaOh
1' “lvjr” ;u Ôú;h mQcd lf<a ljr wk;=rla j<lajd .ekSu i|yd o@
2' me/kakka “lvjr” fjkqfjka foajd,hla bÈ lf<a wehs@
3' Od;=fiak rc;=ud wx. iïmQ¾K jdßud¾. moaO;shla iEÿfõ hehs lsj
yelafla wehs@
4' ,dxflah jdß ;dlaIKfha úYsIag;ajh lshd mdk idOl fudkjd o@
5' ,xldfõ jeõ w;ßka úYsIag;u “jdk” l,d jej nj lSug n,mdk
idOl folla ,shkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' jeõ ks¾udKh ùug uq,a jQ ckm%jdo tl;=jla idokak'

2' Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk jeõ 10la iy tAjd msysá m%foaY j.= .; lrkak'
3' “Y%S ,xldfõ jdß ;dlaIKfha úYsIag;ajh” uefhka ì;a;s mqj;am;g
,smshla ,shkak'

ud;Dldkql+, rpkd ,sùu
rpkhla ,sùu i|yd ud;Dld lsysmhla ,nd ÿka úg bka tlla f;dard
.; hq;= h' tfia f;dard .ekSfï § wjOdrKh l< hq;= lreKq lsysmhls'
² ud;Dld lsysmhla ,nd § we;s úg tla ud;Dldjla uekúka is;d
n,d f;dard .; hq;af;a h'
² ud;Dldj f;dard .ekSfï § Tn b;d m%sh lrk tlla ùu jeo.;a
h'
² ud;Dldjg wod<j ,sùug ;rï iEfyk lreKq yd oekqu
;sìh hq;= h'
² ud;Dldj Tfí oekqug fia u jdlafldaIhg .e<fmkakla ùu
b;d jeo.;a h'
rpkdj ixúOdkh lr .ekSu
f;dard.;a ud;Dldjg wod<j rpkh ,sùug fmr tlS ud;Dldj ms<sn|

iaÓr ie,eiaula f.dv k.d .; hq;= h' fuh rpkdfõ ie,eiau
ke;fyd;a rpkdfõ iels,a, f,i kï l< yels h' tlS iels,a, ilia
lr .ekSug iqÿiq uÕ fmkaùula my; oelafõ'
² f;dard.;a ud;Dldj ms<sn| .eUqßka is;kak'
² iels,a,la ilid .kak'
² ud;Dldj ms<sn| is;g tk ish¨ lreKq fjk;a fld<hl ,shkak'
tlS lreKq iels,a,g wkqj fm< .iajd .kak' tys §
i. fkd .e<fmk lreKq"
ii. widrj;a lreKq"
iii. fnd<| hehs" fkd.eUqre hehs isf;k lreKq"
iv. wod< fkd jk lreKq lmd bj;a lrkak'
² m%Odk lreKq hgf;a fþo ;SrKh lrkak'

² tu fþo jvd §¾> fyda jvd flá fkd ù iu;=,s;j bÈßm;a
lrkak'
² rpkdj ixúOdkfha §"

i. m%fõYh fyj;a wdrïNh
ii. YÍrh" uOHh fyj;a ialkaOh
iii. wjidkh
hk lreKq ;=k .ek jeä jYfhka ie,ls,su;a ùu jeo.;a h'
m%fõYh
² rij;a m%fõYhla .ekSu jeo.;a h'

² WoaOD; mdGhla" ;u u;hla" úoaj;a u;hla" wdmaf;damfoaYhla
jeks fldgilska wdrïNh ,nd .ekSu th rij;a iy id¾:l
ùug fya;= fjhs'
YÍrh" uOHh fyj;a ialkaOh

² idrj;a jeo.;a fia u wod< lreKqj,ska mßmQ¾K úh hq;= h'
² fþo fnod ;sîu jeo.;a h'
² m%udKj;anj ;sìh hq;= h'
² iajlSh woyia bÈßm;a lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

wjidkh fyj;a iudma;sh
² rpkfha m%fõYh fia u wjidkh o jeo.;a h'
² wjidkfha § uq,ska oelajQ lreKqj, iïmsKavkhla bÈßm;a l<
yels h'
² rpkfha wjidkh rij;aj ;sîu jeo.;a h'
rpkhla ,sùfï §
² kdu mo" ls%hd mo yd ksmd; mo fjka lr ;sîu
² úrdu ,laIK ksis mßÈ fh§u
² ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih wkq.ukh lsÍu
² iïu; jdlH Í;s wkq.ukh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

12 weúÈk fld<hd
wm wjg mßirfha úúO i;a;= Ôj;a fj;s' Tjqkaf.a ndysr fmkqu"

Ôjk rgd wdÈ f;dr;=re oek .ekSug úoHd;aul m; fmd; lshúh
hq;= h' isxyf,ka tn÷ fmd;a ,sùug mqfrda.dó jQ ud¾áka úl%uisxy
uy;df.a ‘úoHd úfkdao l;d’ fmf<ka Wmqgd .;a l;djla fuys
oelafõ'
ñ;%fhda fofofkla le,Ejla ueÈka .uka lf<da h' le,Ej ueog meñ‚
Tjqyq j,il= ÿgqfjda h' tflla jy jyd .ilg kexf.a h' wfkldg
.ig keÕ .kag neß úh' Tyq mK fírd .;af;a Wmdhlsks' Tyq ìu È.
we§ u< ñksyl= fuka lsis u ye,fyd,aukla ke;sj isáfha h' j,id
Tyqg <x ù n,d tA u< lf|lehs is;d lsisjla fkd fldg wdmiq .sfha h'
wka;rdfhka .e,ùug fun÷ Wmdh fhdokafka ukqIHhd muKla fkd fõ'
fndfyda i;a;= o wka;rdh je<elaùug Wmdh fhdo;s' i;=rkaf.ka
fíÍug l=reñ‚ i;=ka fhdok Wmdh weiqfjd;a <uhska muKla fkd j
iuyr úg jeäysáfhda o lïuq,aj, w;a .id f.k mqÿuh m%ldY lr;s'
.fya b;sj, t,af,ñka ;sfnk úg fld< iq<Õska fi,fõ¦ ìu jegqKq
úg;a iuyr úg iq<Õska fld< fi,fõ' tfia jqj o weúÈk" lEu lk"
ì;a;r ouk fld<hla olskag ,enqfKd;a mqÿu fkd jk <ufhla isá;a o@
fuys ,xldfõ i;l=f.a o Wf.a ì;a;rj, o PdhdrEm fjhs' W!
fld<hlg iudk h' W!g ‘fld<hd’hs lshkafka tfyhsks' w;g f.k
ne¨jl=g mjd uQ fld<hla fkd j if;lehs lsj fkd yels h' l=ula
ksid o@ yevyqrelñkq;a mdákq;a W! fld<hlg u iudk neúks' yeu
w;ska u fld<hlg iudk neúka fndfyda fok fï i;=ka fld<j,ska
yg .ks;s hs úYajdi lr;s' th jerÈ úYajdihls' fï i;=ka yg .kafka
fld<j,ska fkdj ì;a;rj,sks'
fï i;d fld<hl yevyqrelu .kafka l=ug o@ ñksil= j,idf.ka
fíÍug u< l|la fuka jQ yeá fuys uq,ska lshd we;' fld<hd fld<hl

yevyqrelu .ekSug fya;=j;a fun÷
lreKls' tkï" l=vd i;=ka w,a,d
f.k lk l=re,a,kaf.ka o fjk;a
i;=rkaf.ka o fíÍu ms‚i h'
fld< ye¿Kq .ila hg isák
fld<hl= fiú,af,ka ne¨j;a W!
wmg jyd fkd fmfka' fld<hl
yevyqrelu;a mdg;a we;s W! wfma
mhlg mEf.kag mq¿jk' wfma
mhlg mE.=fKd;a iuyr úg W!
ñh hkafka h'
tfia jqj fyd;a fld<hl
yevyqrelu .ekSu fld<hdf.a
wdrlaIdjg fkd j úkdYhg
fya;= fjhs' fld<hd fld<fhys
yevyqrelu .ka f ka ñks i q k a f .ka
fíÍug fkd fõ' ñks i a i q Wf.a
i;= f rda fkd fj;s' mlaISyq Wf.a
i;=frda h' tnkaokaf.ka fíÍug
fld<hdg fld<fha yevyqrelu;a
mdg;a b;d m%fhdackj;a h'
msydgq yl=<d msg ueo tla
fldg ;nd f.k isák úg W!
fld<hlg iudk h' msydgq fol
tla jk ;ek fld<fhys ueo
kdráh jekak' ueo kdráfhka
fome;a;g weÿKq ySka kdrá jeks
kdrá o fld<hdf.a msydgqj,
we;af;a h' we;eï úg fld<hd
bÿKq fld<hl mdáka hqla; fjhs'
iuyr úfgl ks,a fld<hl
mdáka hqla; fjhs' fld<hd ìu
isák úg fld<hla u jekak'

W! ìu nv wek f.k u isák neúks' W! .uka lrkafka;a nv .dkakdla
fuks' fufia yeu úÈfhka u fld<hla nj fmkaùug ;e;a lrk uQ
fld;rï lmá if;l= úh hq;= o@ fld<hd fï lmálï lrkafka
mlaISkaf.ka fíÍu ms‚i h'
fld<hd wfkla lDñ i;=ka fuka uia ld Ôj;a jkafkla fkd fõ¦ fld<
ld Ôj;a jkafkls' Wf.a ì;a;r oeóu o wfkla lDñ i;=kaf.a ì;a;r
oeóug fjkia h' we;eï lDñ i;a;= j<j,a ydrd tys ì;a;r ou;s'
iuyre fldmqjla idod tys ì;a;r ou;s' iuyre .il fld<j, ì;a;r
w,j;ss' iuyre me<Eáhl l| úo ta ;=< ì;a;r ou;s' fld<hd l=rlalka
jmqrkakdla fuka ìu ì;a;r ouhs' Wf.a ì;a;r o weg j¾.hla jekak'
Wf.a ì;a;rhla w;g f.k ne¨j;a fmfkkafka lßú, weg jeks weg
j¾.hla f,isks'
wjfndaOh
1' my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
¸' fld<hdg tu ku ,enqfKa wehs@

¸¸' wd;audrlaIdj i|yd fld<hd fhdod .kakd Wmdh ud¾. fudkjd o@
¸¸¸' l;=jrhd fld<hdf.a ndysr iajrEmh úia;r lr we;af;a flfia o@
¸¹' wfkla lDñ i;=ka ì;a;r ouk wdldrh yd fld<hd ì;a;r ouk
wdldrh w;r we;s fjki l=ula o@
2' ksjerÈ ms<s;=r f;darkak'

¸' mdvfuys i|yka weúÈk fld<hd kï lDñ i;d yg.kafka"
^w& fld<j,sks' ^wd& ì;a;rj,sks' ^we& c,fhks'
¸¸' i;=rkaf.ka fíÍug fld<hdg m%fhdackj;a jkafka"
^w& yevyqrelu iy mdg hs'
^wd& ll=,a iy fõ.j;a nj hs'
^we& ksYaYío;dj iy myr§u hs'

¸¸¸' fld<hdg we;af;a"
^w& úI o< h' ^wd& j,s.hls' ^we& msydgq h'
¸¹' fld<hd ìu isák úg fld<hla jeks u jkafka"
^w& fkd fi,afjk ksid h'
^wd& fld< w;r u isák ksid h'
^we& ìu nv wek f.k u isák ksid h'
¹' fld<hdf.a ì;a;r iudk jkafka"
^w& weg j¾.hlg
^wd& l=rlalkaj,g
^we& fld<hlg
3' my; i|yka m%ldY yß kï R ,l=K o jerÈ kï Q ,l=K o

fhdokak'
¸' wka;rdfhka .e,ùug Wmdh fhdokafka ñksid mu‚' ^ &
¸¸' fld< ye¿Kq .ila hg isák fld<hl= foi fiú,af,ka
ne¨j;a W! wmg jyd fkd fmfka' ^ &
¸¸¸' wfma mhg mE.=K;a fld<hd ñh hkafka ke;' ^ &
¸¹' ñksiaiq fld<hdf.a i;=frda h' ^ &
¹' ks,a fld<hl mdáka o bÿKq fld<hl mdáka o hq;=
fld<fhda fj;s' ^ &
¹¸' fld<hd .uka lrkafka nv .dkakdla fuks' ^ &
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk moj,g iudkd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

i' hy¿fjda ii' wk;=r iii. m%;sjd§ka
iv' ll=, v. îc j¾.
2' my; i|yka jpk fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'
i. Wmdh ii' wka;rdh iii. yevyqrelu
iv. fiú,af,ka

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' my; i|yka ls%hdldrlïj, ksr; jkak'
² f.j;af;a yuq jk lDñ i;l= fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lr tA

ms<sn| úia;r we;=<;a fldg l=vd ,smshla ilia lrkak'
² tu ,smsh lshjd" Tn ñka fmr tu lDñhd ms<sn| fkd okakd
f;dr;=re fldmuK tys we;=<;aj we;aoehs úuid n,kak'
² mka;sfha hy¿fhfy<shkaf.a ,sms iu. Tfí ,smsh yqjudre
lr f.k lshjd" lDñ i;=ka ms<sn| oekqu j¾Okh lr .kak'
2' weúÈk fld<hd ms<sn| Tn is;a .;a f;dr;=re mka;sh yuqfõ bÈßm;a
lrkak'
3' úoHd úfkdao l;d fmd;a lshjkak'
4' úúO úIhhka w<,d ud¾áka úl%uisxy ,shQ fmd;a m;a ,ehsia;=jla
ilia lrkak'
úrdu ,laIK
l:d lsÍfï § wikakdg meyeÈ,s f,i f;areï .ekSu i|yd hï hï
ia:dkj, § iq¿ úrduhla ;eîu" y~ Wia my;a lsÍu" úiauh" fYdalh
jeks bßhõ uqyq‚ka m< lsÍu wdÈh isÿ flf¾' l:kfha § fhfok fuu
Wml%u fjkqjg f,aLkfha § fhdod .efkkqfha úrdu ,laIK hs'
;s; ^'&
 jdlHhl wjidkhg fhfoa'

Wod(- wms y;a mehla muK hd;%d fldg ¥mf;a ol=Kq me;a;g <Õd ùuq'
 mqoa., kduhl uq,l=re oelaùfï § fhfoa'

Wod(- ã' tï' tia' Èidkdhl È' uq' úu,r;ak

 jpk flá lr oelaùfï § fhfoa'
Wod(- r'uq'kS'i' ^rdcH uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dj&
,s'm';e' ^,shd mÈxÑ ;eme,a&
rd'fia'ms' ^rdcH fiajh ms‚ihs&
fm'j' ^fmrjre&
m'j' ^miajre&
fldudj ^"&
f,aLkfha úúO wjia:dj, § fldudj fhfohs'
 jdlHhl flá úrduhla oelaùug fldudj fhfohs'
Wod (- fojk i;sfha wjidk ojfia /fhys" .,a .=ydj bÈßfhys jQ .,a
;,djl È.d ù Wka ðkakd ke.S" u|la wE;ska jQ wfkla .,a;,djl
jdä ù" .Õ foi n,d f.k Wka ug y~ .Efõ h'
 jdlHhl wduka;%K mohla fhfokafka kï th wfkla jpkj,ska
fjka lr oelaùu i|yd fhfokafka fldudj hs'
Wod (- Wmd,s uy;a;hd" wr n,kak'
 jpk ud,djlaa bÈßm;a lrk wjia:dj, tA jpk fldud fhdod

oelafõ'
Wod (- ufvd,a ¥fjys wm jdih l< me;a; l%ufhka t<suyka fmfoila
j;a u n;," u[af[dlald" t<j¿ wdÈh jjk ,o fyak l%ufhka
úYd, úh'
m%Yakd¾: ,l=K ^@&
 m%Yakhl wjidkfha § fhfoa'

Wod (-¥mf;a Th me;af;a wj;drhla bkakjd hehs fmdä .urd, wmg
lsõjd u;l o@

úiauhdÈ ,l=K ^æ&
 mqÿu iy.; nj" úiauh m< lsÍu i|yd fhfohs'

Wod (- wr" wr n,kakæ t<sh md;a fjkjd" biafikjd' wdhs;a .uka
lrkjdæ
 fYdalh m< lsÍfï § fhfoa'

Wod (- wfkaæ wehs fufyu jqfKa@
 wduka;%Kj, § yd ksfhda.hkays § fhfoa'

Wod (- orejfka æ <uhsfka æ
fu;kska mdr udre fjkq æ
 wdYS¾jdohla" m%d¾:kdjla fyda iqn me;=ula lsÍfï § fhfohs'

Wod (- iemfõjd æ wdhqfndajka æ iqn Wmka Èkhla fõjd æ
hq., Wvq fldud$fmr<s fldud ^“ ”&
 hful= lsjQ fohla h<s ta whqßka u ,sùfï § fhfoa'

Wod(- “fï ? ¥m; jfÜ Tre mÈkak .sfhd;a Trefõ lE,s yïn fjkafk;a
kE” hs ðkakd lS h'
 hula úfYaI fldg oelaùug wjYH wjia:dj, § fhdod .efka'

Wod(- NdId rdYshlg mßj¾;kh jQ rij;a kjl;djls" ud¾áka
úl%uisxyhkaf.a “ ufvd,a ¥j'”
 WoaOD; mdG i|yd fhfoa'

Wod(- “.,a f,k ì|,d - f,ka fodr yer,d” hkq isxyndyq kdgHhg
wh;a .Shls'

;ks Wvqfldud ^z‘ Z&
 WoaOD; mdGhl we;=<; ;j;a WoaOD; mdGhla ke;fyd;a úfYaI

jHjydrhla oelaùug fhfoa'
Wod(- “cd;sl ùrhka .ek l;d lrk úg ‘whshKaä ìh fkd jkak
uefrk yeá uu fmkajñ’ hkqfjka ùr uoaÿu nKavdr l<
m%ldYh neyer l< fkd yels he”hs Tyq lSfõ h'
“Tyqf.a ku ðkodi jqj o ud Tyqg y~.dkafka ‘ðfka’ ‘ðkakd’
hk kï folska tllsks'”
1' my; i|yka fþoh úrdu ,laIK fhdoñka wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'

fmdä .urd, muKla fkdj fjk;a .eñfhda o wfma ¥m;g
tkag jQy we;eï ojil .fÕa fi,a,ï ms‚i hd;%d lsÍug;a
ud¿ nEug;a fld<ôka meñ‚ msßñkq;a .Ekq;a <uhskq;a ufvd,a
¥jg f.dv nei tys § oyj,a lEu ld .sfhda h wm oek ye¢k
.;a Tjqyq fndfyda ikaf;daI jQy we;efula fld<Ug tkak hhs
wmg wdrdOkd lf<da h ufvd,a ¥j j.d lsÍu .ek ljqre;a wmg
m%Yxid l<y jrla .d,af,a fmrlfodarejl=;a Tyqf.a ìß| iy
ÿj;a mq;d;a ufvd,a ¥jg meñ‚fha fmdä .urd, iu. h wms
tÈk n;a Whd uhsfhdlald ;ïnd fmd,a iïn,hla idod l=ïn,d
lrj, Whd thska Tjqkag ix.%y lf<uq

13 w.a.<d lxfvdax mq;dæ
wdydr hkq ñksidf.a uQ,sl wjYH;djls' ld,fhka ld,hg ráka

rgg wdydr rgd úúO fõ' fmdaIKh" .=Kh" w,xldrh" j¾Kh"
iqj| wdÈh wdydrfha rih ;rug u jeo.;a fõ' fuu mdvu kqjr
hq.fha ,xldfõ mej;s wdydr rgd ms<sn| frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a
jd¾;d weiqßka ilia jQjls' Tyqf.a Historical Relation of Ceylon
kï lD;sfha fâúâ lreKdr;ak uy;d úiska lrk ,o tod
fy<Èj kï wkqjdofhka Wmqgd .;a f;dr;=re fuys wka;¾.; fõ'
mer‚ ,dxlslhdf.a wdydr rgdj úúO;ajfhka hq;= úh' rij;a ùu;a"

.=Kj;a ùu;a wdydrhl ;sìh hq;= uQ,sl idOl fia me/kafkda ie,l+y'
Tjqkaf.a wdydrh iïmdokh lr .ekSu i|yd yd¨;a" ¨Kq;a ;snqKfyd;a
fyd|g u m%udKj;a h' weUq,a" .ïñßia yd ¨Kq oud m,d fld<j,ska
lgg" Èjg ri we;s lÈu wdydrhla idod .ks;s' m%Odk wdydrh n; jk
w;r fiiq wdydr Wmfhda. lr .kq ,nkafka n;g jHxck jYfhks'
wdydr iïmdokh yd wdydr fn§u muKla fkd j wdydr N=la;s ú£u o
Tjqyq b;d msßisÿj lr;s' b;d blaukg;a msßisÿjg;a wdydr msiskakg
Tjqyq iu;a fj;s' fulS wdydr i|yd flfkla mqreÿ jqj fyd;a tlS
mqreoao È.g u mj;ajd f.k h;s' ta wdydrj, mj;sk rij;a nj ksid h'
wdydr j¾. myla yhla idok úg bka uia fyda ud¿ tlla fjhs' t<j¿
j¾. lsysmhla Bg tl;= lr;s' w, j¾.hla o tl;= lr;s'
wdydr msiSfï § iQÿre" uyÿre fia u rïfma" lrmsxpd hk Ydl m;% o
l=re÷ fmd;= o tl;= lr .ks;s' fïjdhska wdydrh jvd rij;a lr .ekSu
,dxlslhdf.a isß; h' ,dxlslhdf.a idudkH îu j;=r h' iEu
ksjil u fjk fjk u msßisÿ c, n÷kla fjkaj ;nhs' wdydr wkqNjhg
fmr yd miqj w; lg fidaod .ekSu Tjqkaf.a isß; h' úÑ;%Ndjh wdydr
ms<sfh, lsÍfï § wksjd¾hfhka oel .; yels ,laIKhls'
fï rfÜ we;s ;j;a m%Odk wdydr j¾.hla kï bx.sßisfhka ‘cela’
^Jack& kñka y÷kajkq ,nk fldia h' fï j¾.fha <má f.äh fmdf<dia
kñka o" meyqKq f.äh ‘fyr<s’ kñka o bÿKq l, ‘je<’ yd ‘jrld’

kñka o fï rgjdiSka w;r m%lg h' je< yd jrld foj.fhys we;s
fjki kï jrld ;o h¦ je< fudf<dla h" fodfod,a n÷ h' fï foj.fha
.iaj, u| fjkila o we;s nj fmfka' ,xldjdiSkayg fndfyda
m%fhdackj;a jQ fï .iska Tjqkaf.a wdydrfhys ie,lsh hq;= fldgila
msßuefikafka h' .i ;rula úYd,j jeã .sh l, f.ä yg .kS' fï
f.ä wfma rfÜ me;e,s mdka f.ähla ;rug úYd, h' msg me;a; lgq
iys; jQ fï f.äfhys mdg fld< mdgg yqre h' fï f.äfhys weg
f.äh mqrd uÿ¨ we;=<; msysgd we;' isxy,fhda fï wegj,g ‘ì;a;r’
hehs lsh;s'
idudkH jYfhka fldia f.äh bfokakg m%:u f.äh fk<d .kq
,efí' f.äfha meiqKq fkd meiqKq nj oek .kq ,nkafka tys msg;ska
ishqï isÿrla fldg uÿ¨ lefn,a,la fyda weg lefn,a,la fyda f.k
n,d h' fldia f.ä m¨ fldg lmd uÿ¿ fjka fldg f.k ;ïnd" n;a
fjkqjg l=i mqrd wkqNj lr;s' Tjqka fldia lkafka wfma rgjdiSka
‘g¾ksma’ fyda f.dajd lkakdla fuks' fï fldia ;eïnqu rifhka o
iqj¢ka o f.dajdj,g iudk h' úYd, f,i yg .;a f.ähla y;a wg
fofkl=g iEfyhs' meiS bÿKq l, fyj;a je< fyda jrld jQ l, iquOqr
rihlska hqla; jQ fuh" fkd msi u lkq ,efí' meiqKq fldia weg
mdáka yd iqj|ska muKla fkd j rifhka o wfma rfÜ ‘fpiakÜ’
f.äj,g iudk h'
idudkH ck;dj fldia weg ;ïnd l;s' ke;fyd;a .sks w¿ hg oud
mq¿iaid l;s' yeu f.orl u f,dl= fldia weg f.dvla ,sma fndlafla
;ekam;a ù ;sîu isß;ls' iuyre .uka ìuka hk úg u. § wkqNj
lsÍug fldia weg miqïìhl ,d f.k h;s' fldia ysÕ ld,fha § fldia
weg fidhd .; fkd yels ksid fldia jdrfha § ‘je,s fldia weg’ kñka
l,a ;nd .; yels wdldrfhka fldia weg idod .ekSug ,dxlslhd
iu;a h'
fldia f.äh lemQ l, ;dr fuka >k jQ" tfy;a j¾Kfhka iqÿ jQ
Èhrla" ue,shula .,hs' wef,k .;sfhka hqla; jQ fï fldfyd,a,Ej
fl,a,ka fld,a,ka úiska l=re,a,ka w,a,kakg Wmfhda. lr .kq ,efí'
we;eï wh fï fldfyd,a,E iy,a msá iu. ñY% fldg wkqNj lrk nj
fmfka' ta lEu ì;a;r neomq lf,l f,iska ri h'

foys .iaj, ire f,i M, yg .kakd
ld,fha Tjqyq foys lvd weUq,a ñßld ueá
n÷klg f.k ¨Kq oud .skafka fyda
wõfõ lldrjd ‘¨Kq foys’ oud miqj
m%fhdackhg .ekSu i|yd ;nd .ks;s'
wdydr iq,n fkd jk ld,j, .ekSu
i|yd wdydr ieliSug ,dxlslhd yqrejla
olajhs' Tjqyq úúO wdydr ixrlaIK l%u
oek isáhy' foys ysÕ ld,fha § ¨Kq foys
fndfyda m%fhdackj;a h'
Tjqkaf.a ri leú,s úúO h' ta ri leú,s
w;r m%Odk;ajh .kakd lejqï" iy,a
msáfhka yd me‚fhka idod .kq ,efí'
iy,a msá wkd .=<s .id fld<m;l ;nd
weÕs,af,ka me;,s fldg mefyk f;,a
we;s,sfha nyd moug lr jQ miq f;f,ka
t<shg .ks;s' ,kafoaiska ,xldjg meñ‚
wjêfha" Tjqka yg rdclSh ix.%yhla
lrkq leue;s jQ lkao Wvrg rcq Tjqkag
lejqï msi hjk f,i rdc mqreIhkag
kshu lf<a h' tu lejqï ld mqÿuhg m;a
jQ ,kafoaiSyq tmuK m%Œ; wdydrhla
ñksia w;lska kï ieÈh fkd yels hehs
is;d ‘fïjd .iaj,ska lvd .kakd fohla
oe’ hs weiqfjda¨æ
w.a.<d kñka idod .kakd ;j;a ri
leú,s j¾.hla fjhs' neÈ iy,a msá
me‚fhka wkd .ïñßia" lrouqx.= yd
l=re÷ fmd;= u| jYfhka uqiq fldg fuu
.=<s idod .kq ,efí' fïjd .=<s lsÍfuka
miq ;o fjhs' wE; .uka ìuka hEfï §
w.a.<d miqïìj, oud f.k hEu Tjqkaf.a
isß; h' msá iy me‚ fhdod idod .kakd
w¨jd kï ;j;a ri leú,a,la fjhs'
fjkilg we;af;a yevh muK hs' w.a.<dj jgl=re jQ w;r w¨jd
me;,s h' wdydr wfyaksfhka ydu;a jQ úg w¨jd ld blaì;s j;=r fndkq
,efí'
hla meá kï ;j;a wyrla fjhs' yd,a msá fmd,a yd yl=rej,ska idokq
,nk fuh ri wyrls' yd,a msá" me‚ yd uqiq fldg fld<hl ,d
jKavqfõ ;ïnd .ks;s' b;d fudf<dla jQ fuh nqÈk úg yl=re iu. iqÿ
mdka lk njla yefÕkafka h'
furfgys ;j;a uk jvk
wdydrhla kï msÜgq h' Ndckhlg
l=rlalka msá f.k u|la Èh bi
;rul weg fyj;a .=<s jk ;=re
w;.d Èh msrE ie<shl frÈ lvla
ne| yqud,fhka ;ïnd fuu .=<s
iys; wekQ msá Bu; uqÿka jk
fia ;nd fjk;a n÷klska jid
;ïnd .ks;s' n; fuka l; yels
fuh m%Œ; wdydrhls'
mer‚ ,xldfõ wdydr rgdfõ olakg ,enqKq úfYaI wx.hla jQfha
m,;=re h' wkakdis" Wla" fo¿ï" lelsß" flduvq" lcq" je<" jrld" fudr"
cïnq wdÈ m,;=re j¾. ,dxlslhd wdydrhg .;a rij;a m,;=re h' YÍrhg
.=Kodhl" mQ¾K fmdaIKh i|yd fya;= jQ iajNdjO¾uh iu. in|;djla
;snQ wmQre wdydr ixialD;shlg w;S; ,dxlslfhda Wreulï lSy'
wjfndaOh
1' mer‚ ,dxlslhd idod.;a leú,s j¾. folla kï lrkak'
2' ld,hla ;nd.; yels jk mßÈ ,dxlslhd ms<sfh, l< wdydr j¾.
folla ,shkak'
3' “we;eï wdydrj, m%Œ; nj fya;=fjka tajd uq,a jrg wdydrhg .;a
wfhla úu;shg m;a fõ'” fï nj ikd: lrk mdvfï tk isoaêh
l=ula o@
4' fidndoyu iu. ne÷Kq wdydrmdk rgdjlg ,dxlslhd Wreulï lshQ
njg ksoiqkla ,shkak'
5' mer‚ ,dxlslhdf.a wdydrmdk rgdj u.ska ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y
folla ,shkak'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' iqÿiq jpk mdvfuka f;dard f.k ysia ;eka mqrjkak'

¸' foys ysÕ ld,hg Tjqyq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wdydrhg .;ay'
¸¸' wE; .uka ìuka hdfï § '''''''''''''''''''''''''' keue;s leú,s úfYaIh
me/kafkda f.k .shy'
¸¸¸' fldia jdrh ksu jQ miq wdydrhg .ekSu i|yd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
idod .ekSug ,dxlslhd ls%hd lf<a h'
¸¹' ,dxlslhdf.a m%Odk wdydrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' h'
¹' meiqKq fldia f.äh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kñka o ye¢kafõ'
2' my; moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo ,shkak'
i. wd.ka;=l -
ii. úfYaI -
iii. úfoaYsl -
iv. úúO;ajh -
v. msßisÿ -
3' my; ,nd § we;s ud;Dld w;ßka tlla ms<sn| jdlH rpkhla
,shkak'
¸' ksfrda.sNdjh i|yd wdydrj, jeo.;alu
¸¸' ‘jjkafkda - Èkkafkda h’
¸¸¸' ñysl; iqrlsk - ;=re,sh
¸¹' c, iïm; iqrlsuq
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' Tnf.a m%foaYhg wdfõ‚l wdydr ixrlaIK l%u ms<sn| flá

úia;rhla ,shkak'
2' Tnf.a m%foaYhg wdfõ‚l jQ wdydr j¾. folla ms<sfh, lrk
wdldrh jeäysáhkaf.ka wid ,shkak'

14 ii| ii| y|mdfka wms hkjd
W.;=ka w;r me;sreKq isxy, lúh ixialD; NdId {dkh yd

fmd;a m;a u.ska Wlyd .;a oekqu u; ilia jQjls' isxy,h yer
fjk;a NdId fkd o;a" fmd; mf;ys me;sreKq oekqula ke;s fmdÿ
ckhd w;r o lú iïm%odhla úh' th ck lúh kñka ye¢kafjhs'
.eñhdf.a tÈfkod Ôú;h weiqfrka ,o w;aoelSï mdol lr f.k
ìys jQ ck lú fndfyda h' ck lúfhka .eñhdf.a ÿl" i;=g"
;kslu wdÈ yeÕSï m%ldY lr we;' úúO jD;a;Ska weiqfrka
ks¾udKh ù we;s ck lú w;r me,a lú" .e,a lú" fk¿ï lú"
mdre lú wdÈh oelsh yels h' fuu mdvug we;=<;a jkafka .e,a
lrejkaf.a jD;a;sh weiqre lrf.k ks¾udKh jQ ck lú h'
;Kavf,a fokak fofmdf<a olalkjd

lgqlef,a .df, fkd ,syd jo fokjd
ymq;f,a lkao oel,d nv okjd
mõ l< f.dfkda weomka ymq;,a hkjd
wdrkafka m÷r jg lr o¨ ,kag
mSrkafka jr, f;,a .d Tm fjkag
fudarkafka yf|a lrej, jeä fjkag
f;afrkafka keoao fï ÿl foúhkag
ii| ii| wms y|mdfka hkjd
uïu, n|g f.dka ndkla olalkjd
i;aish i.jqjg frdafoa lerflkjd
o;a lel=<g wms l=reKE.,a hkjd
tf.dv f.dfâ kd lKqfõ nekao f.dkd
fuf.dv f.dfâ imq lKqfõ nekao f.dkd
fof.dv ;,d hk j;=rg mekak f.dkd
wfka uf.a rkauq;= j,a,shd f.dkd

l¿.,a ;<d,hs mdrg oukafka
tu .,a mE.s,hs f.dka l=r f.fjkafka
f.dkd fkdfjhs yrlhs nr wÈkafka
lsß.,a fmd;a; lkaohs fï f.fjkafka
jhsr f.dkd oK .y,d wÈk fldg
uhs, f.dkd mekakhs miaig fydrg
fudlo lrkafka mQrefõ l< mjg
mõ l< f.dfkda weomka .d, .djg
n;g lkak neß n;f,a ., lkao
w,g lkag neß w,.,af,a lkao
yqkg lkag neß yqkakia .sß lkao
ful÷ ;=kg kdhl iuk, lkao
l÷ weo,d fomhg iú ke; b;sfka
nr weo,d b, weg fmdäúh ;Èfka
ÿl is;s,d .u kEhka u;la WfKa
.u b|,d j;a mK hkak fkd ,enqfKa
wjfndaOh
1' “ymq;f,a lkaao oel,d nv okjd” hk mµ mdGfhka yeÕfjk

jHx.Hd¾:h l=ula o@
2' .e,alre iy f.dkd ú¢ ÿla .eyeg jvd;a .uH jk lúh Wmqgd
olajkak'
3' “tf.dv f.dfâ kd lKqfõ nekao f.dkd '''” hk lúfhka Tng
yefÕk foa úia;r lrkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk kdu moj, nyq jpk mo ,shkak'

f.dkd" yrld" kEhd" .i" m÷r" lKqj" l¿.," mdr" lkao"
2' my; oelafjk moj,g iudkd¾: fok mo mdvfuka Wmqgd
olajkak'
¸' fldKavh - ¹¸' l=¨k -
¸¸' fodïki - ¹¸¸' {d;Ska -
¸¸¸' fmr - ¹¸¸¸' ysxid -
¸¹' ud¾.h - ¸º' l=i -
¹' Yla;sh - º' wkaOldrh -
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fuu lú fm< ;d,dkql+,j .dhkd lrkak'

2' úúO jD;a;Ska wdY%s;j ,shjqKq ck lú tl;= fldg l=vd fmd;la ilia
lrkak'
3' “.e,alrejl=f.a Ôú;h” hk uefhka rpkhla ,shkak'
4' my; oelafjk rEmhg iïnkaO ck lúhla fidhd ,shkak'

15 ‘iod fuf,i mqr forfKa’
isxy,h iajdëk NdIdjla fia j¾Okh ùu yd iu.dój isxy,

lúh o j¾Okh jQ nj oekg b;sß ù we;s mer‚ u isxy, ldjH
ks¾udKj,ska meyeÈ,s fjhs' isxy, NdIdfjka ,shejqKq mer‚ u
isxy, ldjH ks¾udK wmg yuq jkafka iS.sßfha legm;a mjqßks'
bka miqj ,shejqKq isxy, lú fmd;a rdYshlska lsysmhla
wdrlaId ù mrmqfrka mrmqrg mej; tñka isxy, ldjH b;sydih
§ma;su;a lrhs' lõis¿ñK" ie<,sys‚ ikafoaYh" .=;a;s,h"
iqNdIs;h" f,dafldamldrh ta w;ßka lsysmhls' wfma mer‚ lú
fmd;a follska Wmqgd .;a lú lsysmhla fï mdvfï oelafõ'
ldjHfYaLrh
ldjHfYaLrh f;dg.uqfõ Y%S rdyq, ysñmdKka úiska rpkd lrk ,o
lD;shls' fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iuhg wh;a fuu ldjH .%ka:h i|yd mdol
ù we;af;a mkaish mkia cd;l fmdf;ys tk ‘i;a;=N;a; cd;lh’ hs'
my; oelafjkafka ldjHfYALrfha ;=ka jk i¾.fha tk lú lsysmhls'
1' o;a lel=¿ mE ,d

iqr;,a iskd iS ,d
fnd<| nia § ,d
fl<S ish,`. ¥,s .d ,d
2'
l| l=uß÷ f,is k
nuqKq meáhka iu.s k
fkd u| iõ biqfr k
jeä‚ kj i| fuka Èfkka Èk

3' b`.=re ÿre wE hq;=
u,af.duq yd jjd j;=
.j ó ;ud k;=
oiqk ms<súi n,j we;s ;;=
4' bre .sf,k oj fia
.yK o fmdfyda oj fia
i| isl=re oj fia
f.dñka msßnv .kqj ksj fia
5' ks;s f.a fodr weuo
le,s li< oel fkdu b|
Wodik iji o
myka o,ajj úuk fkd jro
ish,Õ - i¾jdx.fhys$we`. mqqrd u

¥,s - ¥ú,s
l| l=uß÷ - ialkaO l=udr$l;r.u foúhd
nuqKq meáhka - n%dyauK l=udrhka
fkdu| - wm%udK
iõ biqfrk - il, wdYap¾hfhka" ish¨ iem iïm;ska
kj i| - wudjlg miq od wyfia mdhk iò
ÿre - ÿre j¾. îQÿre$uyÿre wdÈ&
wE hq;= - wdÈh iys;
;ud k;= - ;uka ika;l
ms<súi - úuid
msßnv - ms<silr lr
úuk - ksji
.yK - .%yKh îQ¾h .%yKh$pkaø .%yKh&

.=;a;s, ldjHh
.=;a;s, ldjHh jE;a;Efõ ysñmdKka úiska rpkd lrk ,o lD;shls'

fuh o fldaÜfÜ wjÈhg wh;a lD;shls' .=;a;s, ldjHh i|yd mdol ù
we;af;a mkaishmkia cd;l fmdf;a tk ‘.=;a;s, cd;lh’ hs' .=;a;s,
ldjHfha tk ‘Wfoaks mqr ieKfl<sh’ kue;s fldgfika my; oelafjk
lú Wmqgd f.k we;'
1' iojd iqÿ je,s msú;=re

n|jd rka oo mshlre
isgqjd fodr fodr rU;=re
;njd mqkal=Uq úis;=re
2' Wod Èks÷ lr yrfKa

úod w÷re osis lsrfKa
fhdod fomi rka f;drfKa
iod fuf,i mqr forfKa

msú;=re - mú;% jQ
rka oo - r;a;rka fldä
rU;=re - flfi,a .ia
mqkal=Uq - mqkal,ia
Èks÷ - iQ¾hhd
fomi - fome;af;a
mqr - k.r
wjfndaOh
1' ldjHfYaLrfha oelafjk l=ure" l=vd orejl= f,i ksrEmKh l<

yeisÍï fudkjd o@
2' ldjHfYALrfhka Wmqgd f.k we;s fojk lúfha tk Wmud folla
kï lrkak'
3' .=;a;s, ldjHfha i|yka mßÈ iEu ksjila mdid u ;nd we;af;a
fudkjd o@
4' Wfoaks mqrh ieKfl<s isßhla .;a njg ksoiqka folla Wmqgd
olajkak'
5' ‘iojd iqÿ je,s msú;=re’ lúh lshùfï § Tng yefÕk foa fláfhka
,shkak'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾: mo ,shkak'

¸' fkd u| -
¸¸' ks;s -
¸¸¸' msú;=re -
¸¹' mqkal=Uq -
¹' Èks÷ -
2' mdvfï tk lúj,ska Wmqgd f.k we;s my; i|yka moj, w¾:
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
¸' fnd<| nia -
¸¸' oiqk -
¸¸¸' u,af.duq -
¸¹' msú;=re -
¹' mshlre -
3' mdvfï we;=<;a lúj, w¾: ,shkak'

4' fuu mdvfuka Ôú;hg ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y folla kï lrkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' ‘Tn Wfoaks mqr ieKfl<sh’ kerUqjd hehs i,ld mka;sh bÈßfha
l:djla lrkak'
2' ‘ldjHfYaLrfhka Ôú;hg .; yels wdo¾Y’ uefhka l:djla lrkak'
3' Tn ÿgq ieKfl<shla ms<sn| lú lsysmhla fyda rpkhla ,shkak'

16 urK ;=kla we;s ñksfila
meKs lE h '''
lsishï wjia:djlg .e<fmk mßÈ fhdod .; yels mer‚
lshukla m%ia;dj msre<la f,i ye¢kafõ' m%ldY l< hq;= foa b;d
meyeÈ,sj fláfhka fuka u is;a .kakd wdldrhg bÈßm;a lsÍug
m%ia;dj msre¿ ukd msgqn,hla fõ' ñksiqkaf.a w;aoelSï" jgmsgdj
wdYs%;j f.dv ke.S we;s fun÷ msre¿j,g miqìï jQ rij;a l;d
mqj;a o fndfyda úg oelsh yels h' m%ia;dj msre¿j,g mokï jQ
l;d /ia fldg fma%uodi YS% w,j;a;f.a úiska iïmdokh lrk
,o msre¿ l;d lD;sfhka Wmqgd .;a l;dkaor ;=kla fï mdvug
we;=<;a fõ'
.`.g bks lemqjd jdf.a

tla .eñfhla nq,;a fldrgqjla jeùug woyia lf<a h' fldrgqfõ nq,;a
je,aj,g isgqùu i|yd fyd| me< bks ´kE úh' tA ksid Tyq tla Èkla
mdkaoßka u ke.sg wE; le,Ej n,d msg;a jQfha me< bks f;d.hla lmd
.ekSu i|yd h'
uoaoyk jk;=re u Tyq uy;a fia fjfyi ord fyd| fyd| me< bks
f;dard f.k lm lmd f.dv .eiqfõ h' wka;sfï § úid, bks f.dvla
tla /ia ù ;snq‚'
“fuÉpr bks f.dvla ux fldfydu o ;ksj u Wiaidf.k hkafk@” Tyq
l,amkd flf<a h'
Tyq bks lmñka isáfha .x bjqrl hs' yÈisfha u .Õ ÿgq Tyqg fyd|
woyila my< úh'
“fï .Õ .,kafk wfma .u ueoafoka' b;ska fï bks ál Tlafldu .Õg
oeïfud;a .fÕa j;=r mdrg .Õ Èf.a fkd jer§ u .ug hdú' Tõ" fïj
Wiaif.k .sys,a,d kslx uykais fjkak ´fk kE” Tyq is;=fõ h'
wk;=rej Tyq lemQ bks ish,a, u .Õg oeïfï h' tAjd .fÕa ie`v myrg
wiqj .id f.k f.dia fkd fmkS .sfha h' Tyq wdmiq .ug .sh;a me<
bks kï olskakg ,enqfKa ke;'
urK ;=kla we;s ñksfyla me‚ lEjd jdf.a
jkdka;rfha weúo f.k .sh tla ñksil=g yÈisfha u w,sfhla uqK
.eiq‚' ;ks w,shd ìysiqKq h' W! ñksid miqmi mkakd wdfõ h' Tyq ur
ìfha Èj hoa§ le,Ej ueo jQ md¿ <s|lg rEgd jegqfKa h'
Tyq my<g jefgk úg <s| ;=< t,af,ñka ;snQ je,a fofmdgla oE;g yiq
jQ neúka tu je,a fofmdfÜ oE;ska t,a,S .;af;a h' tA;a" tl w;lg yiq
ù ;snQ je,a mfÜ lrje,d kï jQ i¾mfhla o úh' ñksidf.a w;g ;rfha
yiq ù isá ksid fi, ù .; fkd yelsj isá lrje,d fldamhg m;aj
isáfha h' w; u|la fyda nqre,a jqfKd;a W! imd lkq ksh; h'
Tyq my< ne¨fõ h' <s| m;=f<a kd.fhla orK .id fmKh kÕd f.k
n,d isà' <s|g jegqfKd;a W! oIag lrkq ksiel h' thska o ii, jQ Tyq
by< ne¨fõ h' <sx lg wi, ;ks w,shd fyd~ Tijd f.k /l isà' tA
fudfydf;a Tyq ;=ka f,ilska urK ;=klg <xj isáfha h'
ñksidf.a wfkla w;g yiq ù ;snQ je,amfÜ ó johla ;snq‚' ó joh
w;g fmdä ùu ksid bka ó me‚ fíre‚' tA me‚ Tyqf.a w; Èf.a o
.,d wdfõ h' urK ;=klg ueÈj b;d ìysiqKq fudfyd;lg uqyqK md
isáh o me‚ ÿgq úg Tyq tA flfrys f,d,a úh' ish,a, u|lg wu;l l<
Tyq ysi yrjd w; Èf.a fífrk me‚ Èj .d lkakg mgka .;af;a h'

jfka .sð|d h ÿgqfjd;a jkid h
<sf|a m‚|d h jegqfKd;a W! ld h
w;lska lrjef,ls w;lska o~q nEh
urK ;=kla we;s ñksfila me‚ lE h

weá flfy,a ldmq W.=vqjd jdf.a
W.=vqrd, weá flfy,aj, w.=K fyd¢ka oek isáfha h' tA ;rug nvg
wiSre fjk;a lEula ke;s nj uq¿ W.=vq mrmqr u okS' tA ksid W.=vqrd,
ish W.=vq mexpdg o weá flfy,a .ek wk;=re wÕjñka wjjdo lsÍug
wu;l fkd flf<a h'
“weá flfy,a lkjd ;shd tAjd .ek ys;kak j;a tmd” hehs W.=vqrd, lS
úg mexpd ysi jkd tA wjjdo ms<s.ekSug tlÕ úh'
tfy;a tyd le,Efõ weá flfy,a u,la jeà" meiS" b§ iqj| yukakg jQ
úg mexpdg uy;a wuq;a;la oeks‚' tA iu. u ;d;a;df.a wjjdoh o
u;la úh'
“tyd le,Ejg .shdg fudlo@ ux weá flfy,a lkafk kE fkdje” lshd
is;+ W! tyd le,Ejg .sfha h' “.y w;.d,d ne¨jg ldßhla kEfk”
lshQ W! .y w; .d ne¨fõ h'
“.yg álla ke.,d ne¨jg jrola fjkafk kE” hehs ;udg u lshd .;a
W! .yg nv .Efõ h'
“weá flfy,a álla bU,d n,kak ´fk' lkafk kï kE” lshd W! weá
flfy,aj,g kyh ;enqfõ h'
“wmQre iqj|æ tl f.ähla wrx lfÜ ;sh, ry ú;rla n,kak ´fk'
lkak kï fyd| kE” lshQ W! f.ähla lfÜ ;nd ne,S h' tAjd rij;a
nj W!g jegys‚'
“fmdä lE,a,la ld,d n,kak ´fk' f.dvla kï lkafk kEuhs” lshQ
W! l=vd lE,a,la ld ne¨fõ h' tA;a tAjd b;d ri nj oekqKq W! f.äh
u ld oeïfï h'
“oex b;ska tlla ldmq tfla ;j fol ;=kla ld,d u hkak ´k” lshd
is;+ W! flfuka uq¿ weá flfy,a lek u ld oeïfï h'
u, my lrkakg .sh W.=vq mexpdg we;sjqfKa iq¿ mgq wmyiqjla fkdfõ'
“wfka fohshfka" ;d;a;f. wjjdfo ms<smeoaod kï fldÉpr fyd| o@
wfmdhs ux lr .;a;= fudavlulaæ” hehs lshñka W.=vq mexpd blsì¢ñka
y~kakg jQfha h'

ie`v myr - fõ.j;a Èh myr
ìysiqKq - nh Wmojk
.sð|d - we;a kdhlhd" yia;srdchd
m‚|d - kd.hd" kd. rdchd
wiSre - wudre" wmyiq
flfy,a u,la jefgkjd - flfi,a lekla yg .ekSu
flfuka - l%ufhka" ms<sfj<ska
u, my lrkjd - wY+Ñ msg lsÍu
;rfha - ;oska
wjfndaOh
1' m<uq l;dfõ .eñhd myiqfjka bks f.k hdug Ndú; l< Wml%uh
l=ula o@
2' wdmiq .ug .sh .eñhdg me, bks oelSug fkd ,enqfKa wehs@
3' jkdka;rfha weúo f.k .sh ñksidg uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ wk;=re
fláfhka kï lrkak'
4' W.=vq mexpd tyd le,Ejg f.dia l< foaj,a wkqms<sfj<ska ,shkak'
5' ;d;a;df.a wjjdoh fkd ms<sme§u ksid W.=vq mexpdg isÿ jQ wlr;eính
l=ula o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; i|yka jpkj,g iudkd¾: jpk mdvfuka f;dard ,shkak'
i. uykaish vi. kÈh

ii. c,h vii. uOHyak
iii. le,h viii. flaka;sh
iv. pxp, ix. mrïmrdj
v. l%ufhka x. Worh

2' tu jpkj,g iudk w¾:h we;s Tn okakd fjk;a jpk ,shkak'
3' my; i|yka jpkj,g úreoaOd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'
i. uE; ii. l=vd
ii. mq¿,a iv. krl
iii. iel vi. ;o
vii. ÿ.| viii. myiq
ix. wu;l x. my<
4' tu úreoaOd¾: mo fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska ks¾udKh lrkak'
úfYaIK mo
kdu mohl fyda l%shd mohl uq,g fh§ tA mo ;j ÿrg;a úia;r lsÍu
i|yd Ndú; jk mo" úfYaIK mo nj by; idlÉPd lf<uq' fï mo
úfYaIh fohdldr fõ'
i.
kdu úfYaIK ii. l%shd úfYaIK
kdu úfYaIK
kdu mohl uq,g fh§ th jeä ÿr úia;r lrkq ,nk mo" kdu úfYaIK
f,i ye¢kafõ'
WodyrK(-
i' “lshùu i|yd fyd| fmd;la f;dard .kak” hhs .=re;=ud
mejiqfõ h'
ii' w;a;ïud iqÿ idßh ye| isà'
ls%hd úfYaIK
l%shd moj,g uq,ska fh§ tu mo jeä ÿrg úia;r lrkq ,nk mo" l%shd
úfYaIK hs'
WodyrK(-
i. l%Svlhd fõ.fhka ÿjhs'
ii. <orejd yhsfhka w~hs'

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; i|yka kdu mo i|yd úfYaIK mo ,shkak'

i'
úÿy, iv' mka;sh
ii'
ñksid v' .S;h
iii'
l=re,a,d
2' tu úfYaIK mo iys; kdu mo fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska
ks¾udKh lrkak'
3' my; i|yka jdlHj, l%shd mo i|yd úfYaIK mo we;=<;a lr
kej; ,shkak'
i. .=re;=ud mdvu b.ekakqfõ h'
ii. “Tng isÿ jQ úm; mjikak'”
iii. fmd,sia ks,OdÍyq wk;=r isÿ jQ ia:dkhg Èjqfjda h'
iv. YsIH YsIHdfjda WoEik /iaùug iyNd.s jQy'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' m%ia;dj msre¿j,g wod< l;kaor tla lr fmd;a msxpla idokak'

2' j¾;udkfha ks¾udKh ù we;s m%i;
a dj msre¿ lsym
s hla fidhd ,shkak'
3' fjk;a m%ia;dj msre<lg mdol jQ l;djla f;dard f.k tys wjia:d
Ñ;% l;djla f,i bÈßm;a lrkak'
4' mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fn§ m%ia;dj msre¿j,g mdol
jk l;dj ne.ska f;dard f.k th kdgHdkqidrfhka bÈßm;a
lrkak'


17 mqxÑ mef<a .i fjkd
idys;H ks¾udKlrKfhys ,d
f,aLlhdf.a <ud úfha w;aoelSï
ksielj u n,mdhs' f,dal m%lg
fYa%IaG idys;HOrhka fuka u úYsIag
.Kfha f,aLl pß; yd Tjqkaf.a
ks¾udK weiqfrka th wm fldf;l=;a
w;aoel we;' we;eï f,aLlhka ;u
<ud úfha w;aoelSï tla lr ish
pß;dmodkh ,shd ;eîug W;aiql
jQfha o ta ksid u úh hq;= h'
kQ;k isxy, idys;H lafIa;%fha m%lg" mqfrda.dó f,aLlhl= jk
fla' ch;s,lf.a ‘mqxÑ mef<a .i fjkd’ lD;sh iajhx pß;dmodkhlehs
lsh yels h' ta weiqfrka fuu mdvu ilia lr we;'

mjqf,ka" .ï fodfrka u;= fkd j mdif,ka yd wOHdmkfhka o .=re
Nj;=ka yd iu jhia orejka weiqfrka o hul=f.a isiq wjêh;a nd,
wjêh;aa o¨ ,d jefvk rÕ wms ljqre;a mdfya oksuq' fla' ch;s,lhkag
o th tfiau jQ w;r Tyqf.a pß;fha uq,a w;= b;s o¨ ,kakg .;af;a
rodjdk mdGYd,dfõ bf.kqu ,nk wjêfha § u h' “yefok .y
fofm;af;ka oefka” hk m%lg ck lshuk ienE lrñka wmf.a m%Odk
pß;fha mshux ,l=Kq ta mdi,a iufhka u;=j wd whqre mdi,;a" mdif,a
§ ;udg u. fmka jQ .=reNj;=ka yd iuld,Sk ñ;=rka .ek;a Tyq lrk
fï i|yfkka lshefõ'
“.%dóh wOHdmk l%uh hgf;a wmg .ïuqkaf.a f.j,aj, W¿ fiú,s lr
§u" l=Uqre jev lr §u wdÈfhys o fhfokakg isÿ úh' wm úiska ÿmam;a
mjq,a follg jeisls<s folla ;kd fok ,È' fï jev" úfYaIfhka
wkqkag jeisls<s ;ekSu foujqmshkaf.a ;on, fodaIdfrdamKhg ,la úh'
tfia jqj;a Tjqka ;=< jQ lsishï yslaóula ksid mdi, úiska f.k hk

ljr jHdmdrhlg fyda ixúOdkh jQ úfrdaOhla fkd mdk ,È' fï
jevj, fh§u ksid wfma bf.kSug ndOd jQfha hehs fkd is;sh hq;='
kshÕlska fõ<S .sh fmfoil msysá f.dúm<la yÈisfha ,o j¾Idjlska
m%dKj;aj o¨ ,kakd fia wfma bf.kSu o m%fndaOj;a úh' fï msáirno
l=vd mdi,ska úúO lafIa;%j, olaI;d ysá wäfha u;= jkakg úh' .fï
wkqrejla biaflda, j;a; ueo ;eks‚' YsIHhka úiska u .nvd ldurhla
f.dv keÕs‚' j;a; msáh u,a m,;=rej,ska .ejiS .sfha h' isiqyq kdgH
folla rÕ oelajQy' bka tll m%Odk wuq;a;d jQfha tjl m<d;a md,k
weu;s;a m<df;a uka;S%jrhd;a jQ weia' ví,sõ' wd¾' ã' nKavdrkdhl h'
fï ms<sn| úia;r mqj;am;aj, m< úh' kdgHfhka ,o ,dNfhka mdi,g
.=jkaúÿ,s hka;%hla ñ, § .eks‚' <uhs .=jkaúÿ,s .dhkd ;r.j,g
bÈßm;a jQy' ûq,ska u fï i|yd bÈßm;a jQfha weï'Ô' iurfialr - miqj
uy.u fialr - YsIHhd h'& fialr .dhlhl= fuka u olaI k¿fjla o úh'
kdgHj, ljghdf.a pß;h" rÕmEfõ Tyq h' uu o tla kdgHhl rÕmd
we;af;ñ' ta úch kdgHfhys ;dmihd yeáhg h' ;dmihl= yeáhg
fmkS isàug ug rÕmEula wjYH fkd ù hæ ud ol=K; Tijd “úch
f;dmg ch fõjdæ” lsh;a u úch we;=¿ msßi ud bÈßfha o‚ka jeà
kuialdr lr;s'
wm fld;rï lshùfuys .e,S isáh;a idys;Hh ms<sn|j l%udkql+, oekqula
yd kshu reÑhla wm ;=< j.d lrk ,oafoa chfialr uy;d úisks' ‘isxy,
rpkh’ wdÈ fmd;a lsysmhla ,shd we;s .ïfyajd .=Kj¾Okf.a ^wìrï
.ïfyajdf.a fidfydhqre& ñ;%hl= jQ chfialr uy;d l=udr;=x.f.a
‘fy<’ ffY,shg nr jQfjla úh' tjlg isxy, idys;Hfhys ls%hd;aul
j ;snQ m%Odk n,fõ.h th u úh' fufyhska wm o ,oafoa fy<hg
keUqre jQ idys;H reÑhls'
Tyq wmg idys;Hh b.ekaùu wdrïN lrk ,oafoa wgjeks m%udKfha § h'
wjqreÿ ;=k y;rla .; jk l,sfhka lõis¿ñK olajd jQ iEu mer‚
isxy, idys;H .%ka:hla u ud lshjd ;snqfKa hehs lSu w;sYfhdala;shla
fkdfõ' fï ld,fha § uf.a iaurK Yla;sh o wêl úh' .=;a;s,fhys w.h
lsisjl= wmg fmkajd § fkd ;snqKq kuq;a thska Nd.hla muK ug lg
mdvfuka lsj yels úh' Wïu.a. cd;lfha uq,a msgq .Kkla u u;l ;sìK'
ví,shq' ta' is,ajdf.a kjl;dj, iuyr fldgiq;a" /' f;kakfldakaf.a
jjq¨fjka úYd, fldgil=;a tl È.g u u;lska lsj yels úh' tmuKla
fkd j l=udr;=x. újrK .%ka: ud lshjQfha kjl;djla lshjk
;rfï u wNsreÑhlsks' l=udr;=x.g ish nyqY%e;;dj blaujd hk ks¾udK
Yla;shla ;sì‚' jpkhla folla fjkia fldg wkqkaf.a kSri lúhlg
mjd ri nyd ,Sfï mqÿu Yla;shla Tyqg ;sìK'
óg wjqreÿ lsysmhlg miq lõis¿ñfKa tl o lúhla j;a f;areï .ekSug
kqmq¿jka j isá ;eke;a;l=g wjidk .=re úNd.h i|yd uu th lshd
ÿksñ' .=re úNd.hg lõis¿ñK .ek b;d .eUqre oekSula n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jQfha ke;s nj ienú' tfia jqj;a Tyq bka iu;a ùfuka fmkS hkafka ta
fmd;a ms<sn| iEfyk wjfndaOhla ug ;snqKq njhs' óg;a miq ld,fhys
,kavka úYajúµd,fha isxy, f.!rj Wmdêhg fmkS isá wjia:dfõ §
mjd kshñ; fmd;a jrla lshjQjd úkd úfYaI wOHhkhla fkd flf<ñ'
chfialr uy;d ug jvd,d;a wu;l fkd jkafka wkH;r jQ fya;=jla
ksid h' Tyq ish f.dúmf<a ish¨ me<Eàkaf.ka tl u m%;sM, wfmalaId
fkd flf<a h' Tyq ta tlsfkflka f.ä" u,a" lr,a" w," uq,a" bo,a wdÈ
jYfhka úúO jQ m%;sM, n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh' Tyq tajdg id;a;= imamdhï
lf<a o ta wkqj h' fï f.dúmf<a laI‚lj jevqKq W÷" uqx" ñßia w;r
uu tfia laI‚lj fkd jevqKq lcq me<hla ùñ' fï Wmudj uis;g
kÕskafka chfialr uy;d meñŒug fndfyda l,lg by;" tkï¦
ud m<uqjeks fyda fojeks m%udKfha § W.;a mqxÑ lúhla fya;= fldg
f.k h' l=uk lreKla ksid fyda ta lúh uf.a is;g o ;Èka ld je§
we;'
mdGYd,d N+ñfha msyá
s fi,a,ï msÜgkshg Tífnka w;= m;r úoyd .;a
úYd, lcq .ila úh' fï .i hg jQfha ueá ìuls' tys tl o ;K
fld<hla j;a fkd ù h' .fika jefgk úh<s lcq fld< o Èkm;d wyq,d
bj; oukq ,en msßisÿj meje;af;a h' mdif,a t<suyka mka;s meje;ajf
Q ha
fu;ek h' wms .=rejrhd jgd j,hdldrj isg f.k lú yd l;kaor
W.;su'q bka fï lúh ta lcq .i u ixfla; lr ;ekqjla jeks úh'
mqxÑ wefÜ me< fjkd
mqxÑ mef<a .i fjkd
mqxÑ mqxÑ kqj‚kd
mqxÑ <fuda mç fjkd
fï mqxÑ me<Eáh urKdikakj ;sìh § fírd f.k j¾Okhg rel=,a
fok ,oafoa chfialr uy;d úisks' fï ms<sn| my; i|yka mqj; ud
fuf;la lsisfjl=g lshd fyda lsis ;ekl ,shd ke;' Bg fya;=j álla
th uf.a ;rug jeä l;djla hehs ;j u;a isf;k neúks' th ljod
fyda lsh hq;a;la ksid fuys i|yka lrñ'
lDIsl¾uhg" l¾udka;hg fyda fudk u l,d Ys,amhlg j;a oialula
ud ;=< fkdue;' tla;rd wkaoulg mka;sfhka fldka ù isák uu o
fiiq <uhska iu. mka;shg meñfKñ' l,ska Èk ndr ÿka wfma rpkd
iys; fmd;=;a /f.k .=re;=ud mka;shg meñfKhs' yß nß .eyS jdä
fjk Tyq tys Wäka u we;s rpkd fmd; f.k /,a nqre,a wßhs' ta uf.a
fmd;hs' uu isyska ìhlska fj<S hñ'
Tyq ta rpkh lshjkafka fyd| ksid o@ ÿ¾j, ksid o@ Tyqf.a uqyqfKa
mj;skafka mS%;shla ñi fldamhla fkd fõ' rpkfha lsishï ;ekl
tk woyila wjOdrKh lrk Tyqg ‘fjß .=â whsähd’ hehs bfíg u
lshfjhs' isxy, mqyqKq .=rejrhl= fj;;a Tyqg n,j;a i;=gla we;s jQ
wjia:dj, fufia bx.S%is jdlHdxYhla fyda jpkhla lshfjhs'
‘fukak fï jf.a ;uhs jdlH rpkd ,shkak ´kE’ chfialr uy;d
mka;sfha uq,a,l .=,s ù tfy;a i;=áka msïî isák ud foi n,d mjihs'
bka miq ud mka;sfha bÈßhg le|jd lshk mqrdjD;a;hla we;'
‘i¾ ã' î' ch;s,l Wkakefy fndfydu wudrefjka bf.k .;a;=
flfkla' mqxÑ ldf, Wkakefyf. ku ndfrdka' ndfrdka bf.k
.;af; úoHd,xldr msßfjfka wêm;s r;au,dfka YS% O¾udrdu kdhl
yduqÿrejkaf.ka' ndfrdka mdvï fok fldg yduqÿrefjda ks;r lshmq
fohla ;uhs ‘ndrd;a ljod yß ñksfyla fjhs’ lshk tl' Tyq mqxÑ uf.a
isref¾ Wv isg my<g weia ÿjjd ysi i,hs' ‘ta jf.a wfma fï ndrd;a
ljod yß ñksfyla fjhs'’
Tyq fuh úgla folla muKla fkdj fndfyda jdr .Kkla mjid we;'
ta jkdys wïudf.ka muKla Èh ì|la ,nñka ;snQ by; lS me<Eáhg
,enqKq c,Odrdjla úh'
chfialr uy;df.a m%Yxid fya;= fldg f.k mka;sfha lsisfjla ug
B¾IHd flf<a ke;' tlaflda Tjqka tys kshu .eUqr fkd yÕskakg we;'
ke;akï ud jeks flfkl=g bka we;s jk hym;la ke;ehs is;kakg we;'
fjfklla ;nd Tjqka ug jvd fyd¢ka ,shkakg mq¿jka hehs ie,l=fha
fjk;a <uhl=g hæ Tyq idudkHfhka yeu jevlg u olaIlula fmkajQ
vhia mjqf,a idudðlfhla úh' Tyq fndfyda ld,hla fudag¾ r: fiajd
ia:dkhl fiajh lrñka isg miqj .=rejrfhla úh'
fuhska jevla úkd wjevla isÿ jQfha ke;' jfÜ bkakka .ek fkd;ld
lD;sh flf¾ úYajdih flfuka ÈhqKq lr .ekSug ug bka bv m%ia;dj
ie,iq‚' my< uOHu .Kfha nd, isiqka foi neÆ WfmalaIdfjka u ug
Tjqka foi o ne,Sug neßlula ke;'”
idys;H ks¾udKfhys,d ish isiq orejka ;=< ks¾udKdfõYh;a"
WfoHda.h;a Èßh;a oe,ajQ chfialr uy;d n÷ .=re mshjre" .=re ujqjre
iod f.!rjhg md;% úh hq;af;da u h' ukao h;a" ta mqxÑ me< fmdä o¨
,kq oel Bg ksis Èh fmdfydr ,d ire mila ;kkqfha Tjqkaf.a we.hqï"
wkqoekqï" u. fmkaùï wkqj jk fyhsks' mdi,a úfha § u wm ;=<
oe,afjk ksi. m%;sNdkh ksjerÈj y÷kd .kafkda o Tjqyq u h' tfyhska
fun÷ iqmika úh;a Èú ux ;kd,kafkda o Tjqyq u h'
fla' ch;s,l jeks lD;yia; f,aLlhl= ish Ôjk w;aoelSï m%fhdackhg
.ksñka ,shd ;enQ kjl;d" flál;d iy úpdr m; fmd; wo wmf.a
iïNdjkdjg md;% jkqfha u hg lS <ud jhfia mgka Tyqf.a pß;h
;=< jevqKq" ieÕjqKq kej; u;= jQ hï hï is;=ú,s ixl,amkd fyj;a
mßl,amkhkaf.a wmQ¾j;ajh ksid h' f,dj mqrd Ôjudk tn÷ ks¾udKYS,S
f,aLlhkaf.a pß;dmodk lshùfuka Tjqkaf.a fYa%IaG ks¾udKj,ska u;=
jk ta ta wjHdc yeÕSï" oekSï" ú£ï fia u Tjqkaf.a Èú meje;au yd
Ôjk o¾Ykh wmg o mila lr .; yels kï wmf.a ks¾udKYS,S;ajh;a
ri{;dj;a Ôú; mß{dkh;a jvd,Sug th u bjy,a jkafka h'

iajhx pß;dmodkh - ;udf.a u Ôú; l;dj

wkH;r - fjk;a
mqrdjD;a;h - w;S; l;d mqj;
Ôú; mß{dkh - Ôú;djfndaOh
nyqY%e; - fndfyda weiQ msrE ;eka we;s
wjodkï - wk;=reodhl
iaurK Yla;sh - u;l Yla;sh$OdrK Yla;sh
j,hdldr - j<,a,l wdldrhg
ÿUq,a - wmeyeÈ,s

wjfndaOh
1' fï f,aLlhdf.a Wmka .u yd W.;a mdi, l=ula o@

2' fla' ch;s,lhkaf.a <ud úfha w;aoelSula fláfhka úia;r lrkak'
3' ch;s,l YsIHhdf.a olaI;d y÷kd .;a .=re;=ud ljfrla o@ bka fï
YsIHhdg w;a jQ m%;sM, ljf¾ o@
4' fuu mdvfï oelafjk m%isoaO f,aLlhka fofokl= kï lrkak'
5' mdvfï i|yka wdldrhg fuu f,aLlhd lshjQ mer‚ isxy, fmd;a
fudkjd o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk jdlHhkays woyi ieflúka ,shkak'

¸' ‘mqxÑ me<Eáh urKdikak j ;sìh§ fírd f.k j¾Okhg rel=,a
fok ,oafoa chfialr uy;d úisks'’
¸¸' ‘ta jkdys wïudf.ka muKla Èh ì|la ,nñka ;snQ by; lS
me<Eáhg ,enqKq c, Odrdjla fõ'’
¸¸¸' ‘wms .=rejrhd jgd j,hdldrj isg f.k lú yd l;dkaor W.ksuq'’
¸¹' ‘yefok .y fofm;af;ka oefka'’
¹' ‘mqxÑ mqxÑ kqj‚kd - mqxÑ <fuda mç fjkd'’
3' fï moj, w¾:h fok fjk;a mo îudkd¾: mo& ,shkak'

¸' u;lh - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸' mqIam - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸¸' mdGYd,dj - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¹' .%dóh - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¹' reÑh - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4. flá ms<s;=re imhkak'
¸' fla' ch;s,l iu.u tl mka;sfha W.;a uy.u fialr m%lg jQfha
l=ula ksid o@
¸¸' foiaa - úfoiays fYa%IaG f,aLlhka ,shQ fjk;a iajhx pß;dmodk
lD;s folla kï lrkak'

¸¸¸' ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a <ud ld,h .ek Tn wid we;s f;dr;=re
fudkjd o@
¸¹' mdif,a § u;= jQ Tn i;= iyc l=i,;d fyda iqúfYaI yelshdjka
ljf¾ o@ ta i|yd Tn ,;a Èß .ekaùï fyda we.hqï fudkjd o@
¹' Tfí foujqmshka" jeäysáhka iy .=rejreka flfrka Tn wid
we;s m%Yxid;aul joka fyda Tjoka fudkjd o@ tajd Tfí pß;fha
yev.eiaug flfia n,mdkq we;a o@
5' ‘uf.a <ud úh’ fyda ‘uf.a mdi,a Ôú;h’ hk uefhka Tfí u
w;aoelSï iys; flá rpkhla ,shkak'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' lKavdhï jYfhka fn§ my; i|yka úYsIag .Kfha mqoa.,hkaf.a

Ôjk w;aoelSï iy úfYaI f;dr;=re mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
ud¾áka úl%uisxy
rùkaøkd;a ;df.da¾
ulaisï f.da¾ls
Ô' î' fiakdkdhl
uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø
2' fla' ch;s,lf.a fmd;a kdudj,shla ms<sfh, lrkak'
3' fla' ch;s,lf.a lD;s w;ßka Tn is;a .;a fmd; ms<sn| rpkdjla
,shkak¡

18
jdikdjka
´kE u rgl iqkaor;ajhg i;=ka" .yfld<" we<fod< .x.d wdÈh

fya;= fõ' wfma rg o iqkaor mßirhlg ysñlï lshhs' th wmg
uy;a wNsudkhls' ví,shq' ta' wfíisxy úiska rpkd lrk ,o
fuu ks¾udKh wfma rfÜ iqkaor;ajh .ek lshefjkakls'

u,a frdkg nure jäkd
,sh u~q¨ ksn| ks,kd
we,a mjk .suk ksjkd
ks,a forK jdikdjka
.,a l=f<ka l=<g yefmkd

ÿ,a ß§ Èfhka fidnkd
Èh l÷re .,d niskd
ks,a forK jdikdjka
;=re isri wrd isákd

fid| ná;s u,s;s fkdñkd
hi ñysß iskaÿ lshkd
ks,a forK jdikdjka
fl<s u;sk bms, msyskd

fkl oKaä megõ kgkd
Èh lä;s is£ fkdhkd
ks,a forK jdikdjka


wjfndaOh
1' jdikdjka hk ks¾udKfha f;audj l=ula o@
2' fuys i|yka wdldrhg wfma rgg Wreu iajdNdúl iïm;a fudkjd o@
3' rplhd wfma rg ‘ks,a forK’ f,i y÷kajd we;af;a wehs@
4' fï ks¾udKh lshjk úg wfma rfÜ iqkaor;ajh .ek Tfí is;g
tk yeÕSï ms<sn| jdlH ;=kla ,shkak'
5' ‘;=re isri’" ‘fl<s u;sk’ hk jpkj, w¾: ,shkak'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' fuys my; oelafjk woyi yeÕfjk .S mo Wmqgd olajkak'

¸' l÷ uqÿkaj,ska .,d yef,k ß§ meye;s Èh oyrd h'
¸¸' ;=re uqÿkays l=re,af,da ñysß kdo mj;aj;s'
¸¸¸' isys,a iq<Õska .S%Iauh ksfjhs'
2' my; oelafjk jpkj,g iudkd¾: fok mo .Sfhkaa Wmqgd
,shkak'
¸' .S%Iauh ¸¸' lS%vd ¸¸¸' ysi
¸¹' ,;d uKavm ¹' fmdf<dj
3' my; oelafjk mµ mdGj, woyi Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'
¸' u,a frdkg nUre jäkd
,sh u~q¨ ksn| ks,kd
¸¸' .,a l=f<ka l=<g yefmkd
ÿ,a ß§ Èfhka fidnkd
Èh l÷re .,d niskd
¸¸¸' fl<s u;sk bms, msyskd
fkl oKaä megõ kgkd
Èh lä;s is£ fkdhkd
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fï ks¾udKh mka;sfha § ;d,dkql+,j .dhkd lrkak'

2' wfma rg .ek ,sheù we;s .µ mµ ks¾udK tla/ia fldg fmd;a
msxpla ilia lrkak'

19 rdisxfohshkag neK jeÿK
uqrlrejd
iudcfhys ùr;ajfhka ie,l=ï ,nk pß;j, ls%hdldrlï w<,d
ks¾udKh jQ mqrdjD;a; o ck m%jdo úfYaIhls' fïjdfhys úfYaI;ajh
jkafka thska m%ldYs; pß; yd isoaê i;H fia fmkS hdu h' tu.ska
ck iudchg jákdlï yd idrO¾u yqjd oelaùu isÿ flf¾'
ã' mS' úl%uisxy úiska iïmdÈ; u. È.g ck l;d lD;sh uykqjr
m%foaYfha m%p,s; mqrdjD;a; yd ck l;d ix.%yhls' fuys we;=<;a
mqrdjD;a;j,g mokï jQ hq.fha iudc b;sydi l;d o wka;¾.;
ùu tys jeo.;alu hs' fï l;dj u. È.g ckl;d fmdf;ka Wmqgd
f.k we;'
ßls,a,.ialv lvj;ska mgka f.k ú,aj," fudrmdh úydria:dk miq

lr f.k ukaodrï kqjr olajd mqrdK .uka ud¾.hla ;snqfKa h' oekqÿ
we;af;a h' tu uf.ys fudrmdh úydria:dkh wi, msysá udkdfld< kï
.fuys tl, uqrfmd<la úh' mqrdK .uka ud¾.hkays lvj;a fkdfyd;a
uqrfmd<j,a msysáfha l÷ w;f¾ jQ lfmd¨ wi, h' lfmd,af,ka
msg;g hd fkd yels fia úYd, lgqme,e,a,lska th wdjrKh lrk
,oafoa h' ta wi, uqrlrefjla Èjd rd;%s folays u /lj,a f.k isà'
uqrlre fkdokakd jQ o wúYajdi lghq;= jQ o lsisjl=g uqrfmd<ska Tíng
hEug bv fkd ,efí' tfia ÿr neyer kd÷kk whl= jqj fyd;a m<df;a
uq,doEkshl=f.ka wjir m;%hla f.k wd hq;= fõ' hqoaO uq,doEkSka w;r
muKla jHjydr jk “wjir mohla” we;af;a h' wjir moh o;a ´kE u
flfkl=g uqr fmd<ska hdug ndOdjla fkd ;snqK nj iuyr ft;sydisl
m%jD;a;sj,ska Tmamq fõ' tu wjir moh wfkla lsisfjl=g oek.kag fkd §
wdrlaId lsÍu uqrlrejkaf.a iy uq,doEkskaf.a hq;=lfuls' ta wkqj n,k
úg lvj;a uqr lsÍfï ld¾hfhys fhfokafkda b;d úYajdi lghq;=" ´kE
u wjia:djl rcq fjkqfjka Èú ms§ug iQodkï ks¾NS; ffO¾hjka;fhda
fj;s'
udkdfld< uqrfmd< msysáfha b;d Wia l÷ m%dka;hl wka;su fl<jfrys h'
bÈßmssáka we;s l÷ nEjqfuys u;=rg wdÈ .ï rdYshla msysgd we;af;a h' fï
l÷jeá fol w;frka fn,syq,aTh .,d niS' l=ÿ uy;a .,al=¿ w;frka
iqfoda iqÿ c, Odrd weo yef<ñka .,d niakd fn,syq,aTh o j,dl=¿j,ska
fj<S mj;akd ks,ajka .sß YsLr o wfkla mfika we;s ukaodrï kqjr jg
l< uyd l÷ mx;sfhys .sß YsLr j,d ÿyq,ska ieriqK fhdaO fm<la fuka
fmfka' tlska tl mäfm<la fuka úys§ .sh ,shÈj,ska hq;a l=Uqre iuQyh
ueo fmd,a" ls;=,a" fldia wdÈ jDlaIhkaf.ka ieÿï ,o .ïf.dvj,a /i
id.rh ueo msysá Èjhska fuka o¾Ykh fõ' fn,syq,aTh wi, u msysá
fudrmdh úydria:dkh ksid fï o¾YkSh;ajh oaú.=K flf¾'
;%sisxy,dëYajr fojk rdcisxy fyj;a rdisxfohshka oji udkfld<
lvjf;ys uqr fiajdj Ndrj isáfha ‘yjähd’ kï ,;a rdcmdlaIsl
ffO¾hj;a .ïjeisfhls'
uykqjr m%;sld¨ka w,a,d f.k isá ld,fha § Tjqkaf.a T;a;=ldrhka
Wvrg mqrd rcq fidhd weú§fuys fh§ isák nj rdcisxy rc okafka h'
ta ksid “T;a;=ldrhka .ek lvj;a uqrlrejka ksis fia l%shd flf¾oe”
hs oek.ekSug rcqg wjYH úh' rc;=ud tla ojil .ïjeishl= f,i
ieriS udkdfld< lvj; mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd tys meñ‚fha h'
rc;=ud uqrlreg l:dfldg lvj;ska Tíng hdug bvfok f,i b,a,d
isáfha h' uqrlre W;a;r foñka “ud fu;k isákafka fkd y÷kk
wúYajdi whf.a .uk k;r lsÍug h' Tn ljqo@ l=ula i|yd fldys
hkafkys o@ .urg fldys o@ hk lsisjla uu fkd okafkñ' Tng ñka
Tíng hdug bv §u udf.a rdc fiajh meyer yeÍuls' tneúka Tng
ñka bÈßhg hdug bv fkd foñ' jyd wdmiq yeÍ hkq uekj”hs b;d
YslaIs;j oekqï ÿkafka h' túg fjiaj<d .;a rc;=ud bka miqng fkdù
“uu uykqjr wi, .ïjeisfhlañ' uf.a Nd¾hdj iy orefjda ukaodrï
kqjr fjfi;s' Tjqka ne,Sug hdu i|yd bv ÿk uekj”hs lSfõ h' “Tn
uykqjr wi, .ïjeishl= kï t.u .ï wdrÉÑ,f.ka fyda fldarf<a
ks,fu;=udf.ka .uka wjir m;%hla f.kdfjys oehs” uqrlrejd m%Yak
flf<a h' túg rcq “wfkaæ wdhqfndajkag uu ta fofmd< u fidhkag
.sfhñ' kuq;a iïn fkdù h' orejl=g wikSm hhs wdrxÑ ksid blaukska
hdug meñ‚fhñ' uu T;a;=ldrhl= fyda fndreldrfhla fkdfjñ¦ ta
ksid ug hkag bv ÿk uekj”hs b;d ´kElñka b,a,d isáfha h'
“Tn l=ula lSj;a uu Tng fu;ekska hdug bv fkd foñ' ta uf.a fiajh hs'
uf.a fiajhg le<,la uu lsis lf,l fkd lrñ' ta ksid fu;ek /£
fkd isg wdmiq hkq uekj” hs kej; b;d úkS; wkaoñka lSfõ h' túg

u.S fjiska isá rc;=ud T,.=jg w; oud rka ldishla f.k" —fuh
/f.k ug hkag bv ÿk uekj˜hs b,a,d isáfha h' tniska uqrlre
oKafvka myr ,;a i¾mhl= fuka l=ms; ù" uqr fy,a, w;g .;af;a h'
“uu f;dmf.a w,a,ig .scq ù uf.a fiajh meyer yßk ksjgfhla fkd
fjñ' f;dm kï taldka;fhka rdcfødayS T;a;=ldrhl= fuka fmfka'
;%sisxy,dëYajr rdisxfohshkaf.a wK we;akï fu;ekska tydg wählaj;a
fkd ;nj¦ tfia wählaj;a bÈßhg ;enqfjd;a rdisxfohshkaf.a w‚ka
f;dmf.a Èú f;dr lrk nj oek .kqj” hs .¾ckd flf<a h' bka miq
u.shd ;j;a fm/;a; fkd lr miqnei wdmiq yeÍ hkag .sfha h'
miq Èk y`.=rkafl; uyjdi,g jyd meñfKk fuka yjähdg rdcd{djla
,eì‚' Tyq ;udf.a fiajh ish w;jeiaidg mjrd fo.sä fojdre is;ska
rcjdi, lrd meñ‚fha h' fï rdcd{dj l=ula i|yd ù o@ fuhska
;udg hym;la fõ o@ whym;la fõ o@ hkq ksYaph lr .ekSug Tyqg
fkd yels úh' ^fo.sä fojdre is; kï thhs'& kuq;a ;ud oekqj;aj kï
rdcfødayslula fyda rdc fiajh meyer yeÍula fyda isÿ ù ke;s ksid
is;g ;rul iekiSula we;s úh'
kshñ; fõ,djg isxydikdrEV jQ ñysm;s f;fï “udkdfld< lvj;
uqrlre fuys le|jõ”hhs wK flf<a h' ta wkqj yjähd rcq bÈßfhys
fmkS isg" uq‚ka jeà kuialdr lr mfilg úh' “Bfha yjia
jrefõ udkdfld< lvj; uqrlf<a ;d oe”hs rc ms<súiS h' “tfia h
foajhka jykaiæ n¨.e;a;d tu fiajfhys fh§ isáfha h” hs b;d hgy;a
my;a niska ie, lr isáfha h' ta fõf,ys hïlsis mqreIfhla uqrfmd<ska
hdug jEhï flf<a oe’hs kej;;a rc weiS h' ‘tfiah foajhka jykaiæ
hïlsis T;a;=ldrhl= jeks mqoa.,fhla uqrfmd<ska neyer hdug jEhï
flf<a h' uu Bg bv kqÿkafkñ' wka;sfï § Tyq ug w,a,ila § hdug
jEhï flf<a h' tfõf,ys uu uydrdfcda;a;uhdKka jykafiaf.a wK
uq,a fldg Tyqg ;¾ckh lr wdmiq m,jd yeßfhñ” hs uqrlrejd b;d
ne.Em;aj okajd isáfha h'
“Tyq ljfrla o hk nj ;d oks;a oe”hs kej; rc m%Yak
flf<a h' “Tyq ljqre o hk nj fkd oksñ¦ ljqre fyda fõjdæ Tyq kï
T;a;=ldrhl= fyda rdcfødayshl= fyda úh hq;= h' ug w,a,ila § fyda Tyqg
hdug Wjukdj ;snq‚' ta ksid u uu Tyqg ;¾ckh lf<ñ' túg Tyq lr nd
f.k wdmiq yeÍ wdfõh” hs yjähd kej;;a ne.Em;aj ie, flf<a h'

“tfia kï oek .kqj" ta hkag jEhï l< rdcfødayshd kï uu fjñ'
wfkflla fkd fõ h” hs rc m%ldY flf<a h' tjoka weiQ yjähdf.a
W.=f¾ fl< is¢‚' .;ska odäh u;= ú‚' ‘ud kskaod wmydi flf<a
;%sisxy,dëYajr rdisxfohshkag fkd fõ oe”hs mmqj .efykag úh' Tyq
uq‚ka jeà je| “wfydaæ foajhka jykaiæ n¨.e;a;d fkd oek l<
jrog uyjdi, lreKdj ,efnk fialajd” hs lkak,õ lrkag úh'
túg rc iskd uqiq uqyq‚ka hq;=j “tïnd uqrlrej" f;dm uyjdi,g lsis
jrola fkd flf<ys h' f;dm jeks rdc fiajlhka we;s uu wdvïnr
fjñ' f;dmf.a Rcq iy.; rdc mdlaIsllu .ek uu b;d m%S;s ùñ'
rdc fiajfhys fhoúh hq;af;a w,a,ig <eÈ fkd ù ;¾ckhg ìh
fkd jk f;dm jeks rdc mdlaIslhka h' tneúka f;dmg uyjdi,ska
lreKd iïm;a ,efnkafka h” hs lshd rcq ysK me,¢ rka yjäh
.,jd yjähdf.a bfKa ne| rdc iam¾Yfhka n, odkh fldg “rka
yjä ÿr” hk ku o mg ne| rdclSh .ïjrhla o m%odkh flf<a h'

lvj; - uqrfmd<
lfmd¨ - ndOlh
lgq me,e,a, - wdjrKhla
wjir moh - wjirh ,nd .ekSug fhdod .;a
ryia jpkhls
.sß YsLr - l÷ uqÿka
oaú.=K - fo.=K
;%s isxy,dëYajr - ;=ka isxy,hg wêm;s
rdc mdlaIsl - rc;=udg mlaImd;
m%;sld¨ka - mq¾;=.SiSka
YslaIs;j - yslaó
l=ms; ù - WrKj
taldka;fhka u - b÷rd u$iaÓr jYfhka u
rdcfødayS - rc wKg tfrysj
.¾ckd lf<ka - .=.=rd lSfjka $y`v k.d lSu

rdcd{djla - rc wKla
w;jeiaid - iydhlhd
fo.sä fojdre is; - isf;a fo.sähdj
isxydikdrEV - isxydikfhys wiqka .;a
n¨ .e;a;d - hgy;a nj fmkaùug hg;a
jeishka rcq bÈßfha ;ud y`ÿkajd
.;a mohls'
w,a,i - hï ld¾hhla lr .ekSug
kS;Hkql+, fkd jk wdldrhg
fok ;Hd.hla
uy jdi, lreKdj - rc;=udf.a wkqlïmdj
n, odkh fldg - n,h ,nd §
mg ne| - iaÓr kduh fjkqjg fjk;a
kula oeóu$fh§u$wdfoaY lsÍu
wjfndaOh
1' ‘yjähd’ kï ,;a ;eke;a;df.a rdcldßh l=ula ù o@

2' lvj;ska Tíng hkq ms‚i u.shd oelajQ fya;= ljf¾ o@
3' rc;=ud uqrlre rc jdi,g le|jQfha wehs @
4' uqrlre fo.sähdfjka rc jdi,g .sfha l=ula ksid o@
5' udkdfld< uqrfmd< msysá m%foaYh wjg mßirfha olakg ;snqKq
oE ljf¾ o@
6' uqrlref.a pß;h ms<sn| Tng isf;k foa jdlH follska ,shkak'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk moj,g iudkd¾: mo mdvfuka f;dard ,shkak'

¸' wNS; ¸¹' N+m;s
¸¸' fo.=K ¹' úOdkfhka
¸¸¸' Èßu;a ¹¸' pr mqreIhl=

2' fï mdvfuys tk w,xldrj;a fhÿï myla f;dard ,shkak'
Wod(-'''.sß YsLrhka j,d ÿyq,ska ieriqK fhdaO fm<la fuka fmfka'
3' rdisx fohshka udkdfld< lvjf;a § l%shd l< wdldrh ms<sn| Tfí
woyi olajkak'
4' fï mdvfï tk pß; ;=<ska Tn ,;a Ôú;do¾Yh myokak'
5' fï mdvfï tk l;djg iqqÿiq fjk;a ud;Dldjla fhdokak'
ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkd
wm weiQ ÿgq fohska fyda uk#l,ams; pß;" isoaê weiqfrka fyda f.d;k
,o l;djla fyda rpkhla m%nkaOhla fia ie,fla' tn÷ m%nkaO rpkhla
,sùu ks¾udKd;aul jEhuls'
ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkd ,sùfï wNHdihla f,i my; oelafjk

wjia:d weiqfrka tlla f;dard rpkhla fyda l;djla$l;d iels,a,la
f.dv k.kak'
1' ish fiajh we.hSfuka rc jdif,ka ksjig meñ‚ uqrlref.a

orejka iy ìß|f.a pß; uq,a lr .;a l=vd l;d iels,a,la ilia
lrkak'
2' rdcH fiajhg l< lemùu yd wjxl Ndjh ksid u Tfí uj$
mshd${d;s jeäysáhl= $.=rejrhl= ,;a úfYAI iïudkhla .ek is;d
ks¾udKd;aul rpkhla ,shkak' iqÿiq ud;Dldjla o fhdokak'
3' ‘tod rdisx fohshkaf.ka msÿï ,;a uqrlre wo Tng yuq ù kï'''’ ta
weiqfrka rpkhla f.dv k.kak'
4' wE; ÿIalr .ïudkhl rd;%s uqr ixpdrfha fhfok wdrlaIl yuqod
ks,Odßhl=g furg T;a;= ne,Su i|yd meñ‚ msgilaj, Ôúfhla
yuq úh' ta weiqfrka ks¾udK;aul rpkhla ,shkak'
5' ‘yÈisfha j;a fyg br fkd mEhqj fyd;a'''’ hk uefhka ks¾udKd;aul
rpkhla ,shkak'

20 iQßh Wod ù h<s ieÕjqKd foda
úúO lafIa;%j,g wod<j fndfyda f;dr;=re iïmdokh lrk

.=jkaúÿ,sh" ‘y~’ uQ,sl lr .;a m%n, úµq;a ikaksfõok
udOHhla fõ' .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykaj,g idjOdkj ijka §fuka
wmg oekqu;a úfkdaoh;a fol u ,efí' 1995 Tlaf;daïn¾ 24 jk
Èk YS% ,xldjg w¾O iQ¾h.%yKhla o¾Ykh jQ wjia:dfõ YS% ,xld
.=jkaúÿ,s ixia:dfõ isxy, iajfoaYSh fiajfha m%pdrh jQ iÔù
jevigykla weiqfrka fï mdvu ilia ù ;sfí'

.%yf,dald.dr mßY%fha isg t<suyka má.; lsÍula'
ksfõol(- fï fudfydf;a wm iQodkñka bkafka wo
^pkaok ;s,lr;ak& ojfia úfYaI;u isÿùu jk iQ¾h.%yKh .ek
f;dr;=re oek.kak' wm iu. isákjd wdpd¾h
pkaok chr;ak uy;d' iQ¾h.%yKhla" w¾O
iQ¾h.%yKhla mj;sk ld, jljdkqj, fndfyda
fokd úúO u; m< lrkjd¦ ñ:Hd úYajdi mjd
me;sfrkjd' fï .ek Tn;=udg hula lshkak
;sfhkjd o@
wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak(- Tõ" iQ¾h.%yKhla tlal ñ:Hd úYajdi rdYshla
^wdrdê;& me;sß,d' iuyre todg jevg hkafk ke;sj" <uhs
biafldaf, hjkafk ke;sj" bkakj ¨ nfha' tal
fndre jevla' fï wjia:dj tfia ìh úh hq;=
wjia:djla fkdfõ'
ta;a l=vd u orejka wjqreÿ 5-6 w;r <uhska fï
Èyd n,kak tmd' mdi,a hk jhfi wjqreÿ 10ka
by< orejkag kï fuh b;d u jeo.;a' ta ukao"
fï wjia:dj úoHd;aul jYfhka b;d u jeo.;a
jk ksid' orejkag fuh n,k wdldrh lshd §
fmkaúh hq;= hs' l=vd u orejkag th f;areï

.kak wudre hs' oeka wo wms fu;ek fï fld<U
.%yf,dald.dr mßY%fha kerUqï l|jqrl l=vd
kerUqï l=áhla yo,d lrkafk tal' ksjerÈ
ms<sfj<g iQ¾hhdf.a m%;sìïnh fï m%lafIamK
;srh u;g m;s; lr,d iQ¾h.%yKh n,kak
¥f¾laIhla iú lr,d ;sfhkjd' ksjerÈ l%uh
wkq.ukh lrkjd kï iQ¾h.%yKfhka fjk
ydkshla keye'
ug wykak ,enqKd fï fj,djg iqÿ Ækq me‚hla
îfuka §¾>dhqI ,efnkjd lsh,d m;a;f¾
;snqKd lsh,d' iqÿ Ækq fndk tl fldfydu;a
fyd|hs' yDohdndO ÿre lrk .=Khla iqÿ Ækqj,
;sfhkjd' Th w;r fcHda;sI{fhd;a úúO u;
f.akjd' bkaÈhdfj <uhs ,efnkak bkak ujqjre
yexf.kjd lshkjd' ,xldfj;a oeka fï ;;a;ajh
me;sß,d' §mdj,sfhka miqj tk iQ¾h.%yKh
wiqnhs lsh,d bkaÈhdfõ .eyekq yexf.kj¨'
ksfõol(- oeka bf¾ ;;a;ajh fldfydu o@
wdpd¾h pkaok úiafika mx.=jla" ishhg myla jeys,d'
chr;ak(- wyfia Wv fl<jfrka jeySf.k tkjd' fld<Ug"
wkqrdOmqrhg tlsfkl fjkia m%udKfhka fuh
o¾Ykh fjkjd'

m%Odk ueÈßfha isg
fufyhqï ksfõol(- Tõ pkaok''' wm;a iQodkñka bkafka
^md,s; fmf¾rd uy;d& iQ¾h.%yKh krUkak' úoHd f,aLl wkqr
iS' fmf¾rd uy;d fï oeka ueÈßfhka msg;g
ÿj,d .syska bf¾ ;;a;ajh n,,d wdjd'
wo Wfoa wgl=;a úkdä 47g ,xldfjka jeä
m%udKhlg fï w¾O iQ¾h.%yKh fmakjd' fï
idlÉPdfõÈ ;j l;d l< hq;= hula ;sfhkjd' fï
iQ¾h.%yKh isÿ jk fõ,dfj u fkd mSÿKq .ylg
bo,lska .eyeõjd u M, orkjd lsh,d l;djla
;sfhkjd' fï .ek ùrr;ak uy;auhdf.ka hula
wykak leu;s hs'
wdpd¾h iqis,a ùrr;ak(-
tajdfha hï mokula we;s' ta;a ixLHdf,aLk
wrka fydh,d n,,d tal m¾fhaIKd;aulj Tmamq
l< miqjhs wmg tal keye lshd lshkak mq¿jka'
ta ksid Tjeks woyia .ek tljr ;SrK fokak
wudrehs'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- bkaÈhdfõ kï wr¿" nq¿" fk,a,s m; tlg is|
fndkak fokj¨' wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak kï
lsõfj tajd fldhs fjf,a ìõj;a fyd|hs lsh,d'
iQ¾h.%yKhla we;;a ke;;a tajd fndk tl
fyd| hs'
uuhs" O¾ur;ak uy;auhhs ;j u fï ueÈßfhka
msg;g .sfha keye' fï wjia:dj oel .kak'
we;a;g u fujr mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKhla fmakafk
fldhs m<d;aj,g o@
Ô'tï'Ô' O¾ur;ak uy;d(- l,algdj" nx.a,dfoaYh yryd nqreuh
lsÜgqj fï mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKh fmakjd'
we*a.ksia:dkfhka mgka f.k úhÜkduh yryd
nqreuh olajd ta álg fuh mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKhla
f,i fmfkaú'

fufyhqï ksfõol(- ta lshkafka mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKh fmfkkafk
tl máhla fia Èfjk l,dmhl muKhs' iq¿
m%foaYhlg ú;rhs' ta wehs lshkak mq¿jka o@
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd(- Tõ" j¾. lsf,da ógr 275l muK iq¿ m%foaYhla
olajd muKhs fï Pdhdj jefgkafk' talg pkaøhd
mq¿jka ;rï <x fjkak ´k' mQ¾K .%yKhla
jqKdg W;=re bkaÈhdj" mlsia:dkh" nqreuh jf.a
iSudikak l,dmhlg muKhs tal fmakafk' wo
Wfoa 8'47g ,xldjg o¾Ykh fjkafk w¾O iQ¾h
.%yKhla' ta fj,djg j,dl=¿ rys; meyeÈ,s
wyila ;sfíú lsh,d n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd' ta;a
wyfia j,dl=¿j, wo fjkila fmakjd' W;=r"
kef.kysr" W;=re ueo m<d;aj, ;rul jeysnr
ld,.=Khla mj;skjd' j,dl=¿j, ;;a;ajh ksid
fï w¾O .%yKh fmfkkafk ke;s fjkak;a
mq¿jka'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak iu. pkaok ;s,lr;ak
.%yf,dald.drfha isg ta .ek ;j;a f;dr;=re
f.k taú'
1955 § mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKhla ux kï oelald wkqrg
u;l o ukaod''' wkqr kï fmdä we;s'
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd (- Tõ" ug jhi wjqreÿ 8la ú;r we;s' ta wjia:dj
uf.a isf;a ;Èka u ;ekam;a jqKd' mdkaor iQ¾hhd
ke.,d wyi l¿ fj,d ;re È¨Kd' yekaoEjg
l=re,a,ka lE .yk Yíoh ta fj,dfj wefykak
.;a;d' yrla wuq;= yeisÍï iajNdjhla fmkakqjd'
fmdä <ufhla úÈyg ug ys;d .kak neßj .shd
fudlla o jqfKa lsh,d'
fla' wd¾' wNhisxy(- 1955 cQks 20 fjksod mQ¾K.%yKh mgka .;af;
Wfoa 8'11g Wfoa 8'11 isg 8'15 olajd ;sì,d bjr
jqKd' úkdä 8 ;;amr 8hs'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- l=vd ld,fha ;s%l=Kdu,hg .sh .fõIKd;aul
.ukl § k.rfha úYd, msÜgkshla ueoafo wm
.fõIKd;aulj iQ¾h.%yKh .ek;a wyi .ek;a
yeoErejd' nqO .%yhd mshú weiska oel .ekSfï
jdikdj tod ug ,enqKd'
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd(- iQ¾h.%yKfha § iQ¾hhd w÷re jk ksid;a" nqO"
iQ¾hhd <Õ u isák .%yhd ksid;a tfyu olskak
mq¿jka' ta ksihs nqO mshú weiska olskak yels
fjkafka'
wdpd¾h iqis,a ùrr;ak(- fï jevigykg lka fok YsIHhkag lshkak
m‚jqvhla ;sfhkjd' fï iQ¾h.%yKh fjk
fudfyd; yß u wmQrehs' l=l=<ka kej; j;djla
y~,kak .kakjd' ksÈl=ïnd" f;dar jf.a .iaj,
fld< kefjkjd' u,dksl iajNdjhla .kakjd'
oeka 8'46g wkqrdOmqr" fmdf,dkakrej" hdmkh
jeks m%foaYj, fï fjkialï olskak ,efíú'
i;=kaf.a p¾hdjka o fjkia fõú' Tn;a fï
fudfyd; oel n,d .kak'
O¾ur;ak uy;d(- Tõ''' mdi,a <uhs Th fndre ñ:Hd u;j,ska
ñÈ,d wdrlaIl úê l%u fhdod fïl n,d.kak'
tAl jákd fohla'''
fufyhqï ksfõol(- Tõ" tfykï w¾O iQ¾h.%yKh krUkak Tng
lrk wdrdOkdj;a iu`. wms .%yf,dald.drhg
hkjd' pkaok ;s,lr;ak" uhsl%f*dakh Tng'
^kej; .%yf,dald.drfha isg&
ksfõol(- ia;=;shs''' Tõ oeka wm iQ¾hhd olskafka ;=ÿiajl
^pkaok ;s,lr;ak& y| jf.a' iuyr mdi,aj, wo ksjdvq §,d' i;H
jf.a u wi;H f;dr;=re;a fï iQ¾h .%yKh
iïnkaOfhka me;sß,d' tA;a wm iu`. fuys
isákjd mdi,a YsIHfhla'
wms l;dlr, n,uq'
Tn fudk mdief,ka o@ fldfydu o" fuys
wdfõ@

YsIHhd (- uu wfYdal úµd,fh''' úoHd ix.ufha i¾ wmsj
tlal wdjd' wïu,d ;d;a;,d oel,d ;snqKq ksid
wms;a wdidfjka ysáfha fïl n,kak' i¾g
ia;=;sjka; fjkak ´k'
ksfõol(- oeka fldfydu o@ Tfí iQodku@
YsIHhd (- wms u yod.;a WmlrKhla ;sfhkjd' fÊ' iS'
wurfialr i¾f.a mq;d iór wurfialr ;uhs
tAl yeÿfõ' wms fiahdmg lSmhla tlg ;nd
iafÜma,¾ lr, ne¨jd'
ksfõol(- wmsg f.or §;a fï WmlrK ke;sj fïl n,kak
mq¿jka fkao" wdpd¾h chr;ak uy;auhd'''@
wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak(- Tõ" f.or§;a mq¿jka' wo fu;ek iqÿ ;srhla u;
iQ¾h m%;sìïnh m%lafIamKh l< úg ,iaikg
fmfkkjd' fik`. jeä ksid wmg ùäfhda
ud¾.fhka fmkajkak fjkjd'
f.or § ldâfndaâ lE,a,la werf.k ueÈka l=vd
isÿrla úo.kak' tA isÿr iQ¾hhd foig w,a,d
iQ¾hhdf.ka tk wdf,dal loïnh o¾mKhlg
f.k ì;a;shlg w,a,d n,kak'
ìu iqÿfroaola t<d .;a;;a tA m%;sìïnh oel.kak
mq¿jka' දැka iQ¾hhd y;frka tlla muK jeys,d
,iaikg fmakjd' oeka Tn n,kjd kï wr l=vd
isÿr ;=<ska tk wdf,dal loïnh o¾mKhg .kak
mq¿jka'
ksfõol(- ;j;a úfYaI hula ;sfhaú o lshkak'
wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak(- lvodisfh l=vd isÿr ;=<ska tk wdf,dal loïnh
o¾mKh ;=<g .ekSu hs l< hq;af;a' mshú weiska
ne,Sfï § yq`. fofkla yq`. fj,djla n,df.k
boa§ weia wkaO úh yelshs' iQ¾h.%yKhla we;;a"
ke;;a iQ¾hhd foi mshú weiska ne,Sfï § weye
msÉfpkjd¦ weia wkaO fjkak mq¿jka' mQ¾K
iQ¾h.%yKhl § w÷re jeà ;sî tljr u iQ¾hhd
foi ne¨fjd;a wefya nnd f,dl= fjkjd' úYd,
wdf,dalhla tljr tAfuka wei w÷re úh yelshs'
iQ¾hhdf.a mdr cïnq, lsrK tkjd' tAflka weia
wkaO fjkjd'
tA ksid f.or § jqK;a tAl wdrlaIs;j l<
hq;= fohla' im;a;= fmÜáhla .kak' l;=rlska
w,afmfk;a;s isÿrlg jvd álla f,dl= isÿrla
yod .kak' msgqmi iõ lvodishla w,jd .kak'
tA úÈyg;a n,kak mq¿jka'
ksfõol (- wr ùÿrejla wrka mykaoe,s .d,d .;a;u jqK;a

mqxÑ u <uhskag n,kak fyd| keoao@
wpd¾h chr;ak (- l=vd <ufhla ta ùÿrej me,a,ï ysák úÈyg
l¿ l<d u tal wys;lrhs' tal fmdÿfõ fyd|hs
lsõj;a orejkag jeäh .e<fmkafk keye'
fya;=j ùÿrej ksjerÈj l¿ lr .kak orefjd
okafk ke;s ksid'
fla' wd¾' wNhisxy(- mdi,a orejka fïjd oek .; hq;=hs' br nyskjd'
i| kÕskjd' wm fjfik mDÓúh ;ud jfÜ
lerflñka iQ¾hhd jgd hkjd' pkaøhd;a
lerflkjd' pkaøhd ;ud jgd .uka lrñka
mDÓúh jgd .uka lrkjd' fï .uka lrk ;,h
tl iudk keye' ;s%udKrEmSj neÆ úg ixlS¾K
.ukla' fï iQ¾h.%yK" pkaø.%yK fjkafk ta
ksid'

ksfõol(- oeka wm wgjl i| jf.a fkao iQ¾hhd olskafka'
wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak (-iQ¾hhd y| jf.a ly mdgg ,iaikg fmfkkjd'
úfYaI lKaKdähla me,|f.k n,kak fjkjd'
fïjd wm yod .; hq;= hs' .=jka úÿ,sfha pkaok
;s,lr;ak uy;auhdg;a ia;=;sjka; úh hq;=hs"
fï úoHdj m%pdrh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka' ck
udOHfõ§ka úÈyg úoHdj m;=rd,Su b;d u
jeo.;a'
ksfõol (- kej;;a wms m%Odk ueÈßhg iïnkaO fjuq'

m%Odk ueÈßfha isg
fufyhqï ksfõol (- Tõ" oeka fld<Ug yßhg u 8'47g fï w¾O
iQ¾h.%yKh o¾Ykh fjkjd'
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd (- wfma idlÉPdjg lka fhdud bkak wh weiaj,g
wdorhla ;sfhkjd kï Tng ÿka ta Wmfoia wkqj
fï wjia:dj oel n,d .kak'
fufyhqï ksfõol (- ta jf.a u fï iQ¾h.%yKhg l,ska Bfh fmfrhsod
b;d u wdYap¾hj;a wyila wmg oel .kak
,enqKd' ud;a" uf.a orejkq;a fmf¾od Wfoa mdkaor
o¾Ykh jQ W,aldmd; j¾Idj දැl .;a;d' wkqr"
we;a;g u iQ¾h.%yKhla w¾O iQ¾h.%yKhla
iu. W,aldmd; j¾Idjla we;s fjkjd o@ fudkj
o fï W,aldmd;'''@

wkqr iS' fmf¾rd(- wNHjldYfha .uka lrk ¥,s wxY= mDÓúh yryd
.uka lsÍfï § mDÓúfha wdl¾IKfhka weo
.kakjd' tys § mDÓúfha we;s jk >¾IKh ksid
ta ¥,s wxY= úúO j¾Kfhka oefjkjd' mDÓúfha
>¾IKhla iu. we;s ù ;sfnk ridhksl øjH
iu. tl;= ù tajd j¾K .ekafjkjd' W,aldmd;
lshkafk tajdg'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- wkqr" we;a;g u fï isÿùï fol Èkhla" folla

we;=<; isÿ jk wdldrh mjd wdYap¾hj;a isoaêhla
fka o@ W,aldmd; jeiaila yd w¾O iQ¾h.%yKla'''
wdpd¾h iqis,a ùrr;ak(- Tõ" we;a;g u fï W,aldmd; j¾Idj b;d u
wisßu;a o¾Ykhla' iuyr W,ald" ;rejla jf.a
biairyg u tkjd' iuyr tajd úúO j¾K
úysÿjñka yria w;g hkjd" we;eï W,aldjka
wfma f.a <Õg u tkjd jf.a fmfkkak .kakjd'
ta;a fï yeu foa u lsf,da ógr ,laI .dKla
bÈßfhka isÿ jk wisßhla" wmg fmakafk fï
wfma f.j,a <Õ u isÿ jk fohla jf.a'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- Tõ" yß u wmQrehs' fï .sh i÷od''' fmf¾od
mdkaor y;rg ud;a ta W,aldmd; oelald' Bfh;a
ta wdl¾IŒh o¾Ykh tfia u isÿ fjkjd lshd
;snqKd' w¾O iQ¾h.%yKhlg l,ska wyfi uy
fm<yrla" wdYap¾hj;a o¾Ykhla fkao@

;j Th ysre rdyq w,a,kjd lshd;a u;hla
;sfnkjd fkao" iQ¾h.%yKh .ek@
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd(- Tõ" ta ;drld úoHdj ÈhqKq ke;s ld,hl" w;S;fha
§ wfma mer‚ rcjre klaI;%lrejkaf.a Ôú; mjd
úkdY lr,d ;snqKd" fïjd .ek l,ska oekqj;a
lf<a keye lsh,d br .s, .kakjd lsh,d ñksiaiq
br fír .kak fjä ;sh,d ;sfhkjd' jeä wE;l
fkdfõ" 70 .Kkaj, bkaÈhdfõ' ta WKav kej;
weú;a ñksiaiq mjd uereKd'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- iQ¾h.%yKhl § fyda w¾O iQ¾h.%yKhl § jv
Èh nd Èh we;s úh yels o@
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd(- Tõ" WodyrKhla f,i le,‚ .Õ wfkla
me;a;g .,kjd' uqyqfoa j;=r wdmiq tkjd' ud¿
fndaÜgq wdmiaig tkjd' ta jf.a fjkak bv
;sfhkjd'
fufyhqï ksfõol(- Tõ" ug u;lhs' tod wr mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKfha §
ldlafld b.s,s,d .shd' yrla lka .y,d ;K W,d
lkak .;a;d' ldlafld lE .y,d l+vqj,g wdjd
yrla WïnE .Ejd¦ ;re Èf,kak .;a;d' yß wmQre
w;oelSula tal'
wkqr iS' fmf¾rd(- Tõ" mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKhla b;d u pu;aldr
ckl hs' ;drld úoHd{hka wo;a fï iQ¾h.%yK
.ek úúO m¾fhaIK lrkjd' fcHda;sI{fhda
;ju;a wkdjels lshkjd' Ôú;fha § ,efnk fï
úr, wjia:dj u. fkd yer th krUd i;=gq úh
yels kï th jdikdjla'

idlÉPd uKavmh
.=jka úÿ,sfha m%Odk ueÈßh
fufyhqï ksfõol - md,s; fmf¾rd uy;d
ckms%h úoHd f,aLl yd foaYl - wkqqr iS' fmf¾rd uy;d
wdpd¾h iqis,a ùrr;ak uy;d
ld,.=K úoHd{ - fla' wd¾' wNhisxy uy;d
Ô'tï'Ô' O¾ur;ak uy;d
t<suyka má.; lsÍu - .%yf,dald.dr mßY%h
ksfõol - pkaok ;s,lr;ak uy;d
;drld úoHd{ - wdpd¾h pkaok chr;ak
uy;d
m%pdrh jQ Èkh - 1995'10'24
wjfndaOh
1' fï w¾O iQ¾h.%yKh ,xldjg o¾Ykh jQfha ljod o@

2' iQ¾h.%yKh yd ne÷Kq ck úYajdi folla mdvfuka Wmqgd ,shkak'
3' iQ¾h.%yKhl § ksl=;a jk weig ydkslr lsrK j¾.h l=ula o@
4' mQ¾K iQ¾h.%yKhl § oelsh yels úfYaI isÿùï fudkjd o@
5' iQ¾h.%yKhla keröu i|yd ilia lr .; yels ir, u WmlrKh
l==ula o@
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' ñka tl ud;Dldjla f;dard f.k Tfí woyi fþohlska ,shkak'

² .=jka úÿ,sh rEmjdyskshg jvd fyd| h
² úoHdj iy ñ:Hdj
² iQ¾hhd pkaøhdg jvd n,j;a h
² ijka §u iy fmd;am;a lshùu

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk tla wjia:djla iïnkaOfhka lúhla fyda l=vd

l;djla ks¾udKh lrkak'

² ysre ud yer .sfhah'
² Wvq .=jkska ìug jeà'
² i| t<sfha ;re .ekafkñ'
² uQÿ m;=< hg lsñ§'
² ysu jeiaig yiq jQfhñ'
ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,sms

ì;a;s mqj;am; ì;a;shl r|jk ,o úfYaI mqjrejl fyda ì;a;sfha w,jk
,o o< lvodishl fyda újD;j m%o¾Ykhg ;nd we;s ks¾udKd;aul
m%ldYkhls' th fndfyda úg w;ska u ,shd w;ska is;=jï wdÈh we|
ie,iqï lr .kakd ksoyia m%ldYk udOHhls' Tfí mdif,a fuka u
Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k iy we;eï ld¾hd, mßY%hkays mjd ì;a;s
mqj;am; w;sYhska ckm%sh ù ;sfnkq olakg we;' iSñ; ld, mrdihla
;=< m%o¾Ykh jk ì;a;s mqj;am; kej; kej;;a w¨;a ùu;a" tys
ks¾udKd;aul ,sms" rpkd" lú hkdÈh m< ùu;a th weiqre lrk mdGl
msßig úfYaI w;aoelSula fõ'
ì;a;s mqj;am;la iy Bg ,shk ,smshl iajrEmh y÷kd .ekSug fuys
my; oelafjk lreKq jeo.;a úh yels h'
² ì;a;s mqj;am;lg ixialdrljrhl= fyda ixialdrl uKav,hla fyda
isáh hq;= h'
² w¨;a jk jdrhla mdid tys ixialdrl igyka o w¨;a jkq oelsh
yels h'
² flá ,sms" rpkd iy lú fuka u fjk;a jeo.;a WoaOD; fuka u
ks¾udKd;aul woyia fyda is;=ú,s o ì;a;s mqj;amf;a m< fõ'
² w¾: iïmkak rij;a wka;¾.;hla we;s ixlaIsma; ,sms rpkd fï
i|yd fhda.H fõ'

² ld,Sk jeo.;alula we;s ,sms" rpkd o ì;a;s mqj;am;lg iqÿiq h'
² ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,smshl lsishï u;hla" woyila" m‚jqvhla fyda
ks¾udKd;aul njla m< úh yels h'
,sÅ; wNHdi
1' my; oelafjk ud;Dld w;ßka tlla f;dard Tfí mka;sfha we;s
ì;a;s mqj;amf;a m%o¾Ykh lsÍug iqÿiq ,smshla ilia lrkak'
¸' W.; ukd Ys,amhuhs u;= /flkd

¸¸' ud lshejQ fyd| u fmd;
¸¸¸' “wfma u wfma u wfma f,djla''''” ^f,dal <ud Èkhg m‚jqvhla&
¸¹' “f,da jgd .sh Èkla” ^wka;¾cd,fhka f,da jgd .sh ixpdrhl
igykla f,i&
¹' mdief,a ud m%sh;u ia:dkh
¹¸' “iu.sh n,h fõ”
¹¸¸' ksYAYío;dfõ w.h
¹¸¸¸' m%sh jpk l;d lruq'
º¸' wms fyd¢ka ijka fouq îjka §u jeo.;a jkqfha wehs@&
º' fyd| ñ;=rka y÷kd .ksuq'
2' mka;sh lKavdhï jYfhka fn§ mka;sfha ì;a;s mqj;am; ks¾udKh

lrkak'
¸' ixialdrljrhl= m;a lr .kak'
¸¸' ixialdrl igykla ,shkak'
¸¸¸' ,sms folla ilia lrkak'
¸¹' Tn lshjd we;s fmd;lska fyda mqj;am;lska .e<fmk WoaOD;hla
fláfhka Wmqgd olajkak'
¹' Tn yd ñ;=rka ,shQ lú yd fjk;a ks¾udK o w,jd is;=jñka yevlr
.kak'
¹¸' ì;a;s mqj;amf;a w;a wl=re" Ñ;% iy ie,iqïlrKh .ek ie,ls,su;a
jkak'

iÕrd ,sms
iÕrdj Èkm;d fyda i;sm;d w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ' ksjerÈ yd
mqj;am;lg jvd fjkia uqøs; ksrjq,a NdId Ndú;h wjYH fõ'
m%ldYkhls' mqj;am;lg ,smshla nia jyr ir, úh hq;= h'
,sùug jvd ksoyia f,i iÕrdjlg ¹¸' iÕrdj uqøs; m%ldYkhla
,smshla ,sùug yels h' wdlD;sh yd f,i È.=l,la mj;akd ksid
wka;¾.;h blaujd hk ksoyila .fõIKd;aul f;dr;=re /.;a
iÕrdjl ;sfí' úúO ,sms tys m< l< yels h'
iÕrdjla iy iÕrd ,smshl
¹¸¸'
iÕrdjl o ,smsj,g wu;rj
iajNdjh y÷kd .ekSug jeo.;a
iïuqL idlÉPd" úúO woyia"
jk lreKq lSmhla fuys my;
WoaOD; fuka u fjk;a ks¾udK
oelafõ'
o m< l< yels fõ'
¸' iÕrdj jdr m%ldYkhla
jk w;r mqj;am;lg fuka
u iÕrdjlg o ixialdrl
uKav,hla fyda iaÓr f,aLl
msßila isá;s'
¸¸' iÕrdjl fmdÿ wruqKla fyda
úfYaI wruqKla fyda ;sìh
yels h'
¸¸¸' mdGlhd wdl¾IŒh f,i r|jd
;nd .; yels ld,Sk jákd
lula we;s rij;a f;dr;=re
/.;a ks¾udKd;aul fuka u
úYaf,aIKd;aul ,sms rpkd
iÕrdjl m< úh yels h'
¸¹'iÕrd ,smshlska o u;hla"
woyila" m‚jqvhla" fmdÿ
w;aoelSula fyda ld,Sk .eg¨jla
bÈßm;a l< yels h'
¹'
iÕrd ,sms f,aLkfha §
rplhdf.a NdId ffY,sh

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' Tfí mdif,a mqia;ld,fha we;s iÕrd lshjd bka tlla ms<sn|j
my; oelafjk f;dr;=re ,shd olajkak'
¸' iÕrdfõ ku
¸¸' udisl$ff;%udisl$ihudisl$jd¾Isl o hk j.
¸¸¸' ixialdrlf.a ku
¸¹' m%Odk ,sms lSmhl YS¾I mdG
¹' fjk;a f,aLk iy ks¾udKj, YS¾I mdG
WodyrK(- flál;d$lú$iïuqL idlÉPd$PdhdrEm$ldgQka jeks
2' Tfí mdif,a jd¾Isl iÕrdj i|yd fuys my; oelafjk ud;Dld
w;ßka tlla hgf;a ,smshla ilia lrkak'
¸' uq,ska u mdi,g wd oji

¸¸' “.=re-fo.=re bgq ñ;=re” ^foujqmshka iy .=rejre wfma fyd| u
ñ;=frda h&'
¸¸¸' udf.a m%sh;u f,aLlhd
¸¹' ;=re ,;d /l.ksuq
¹' mdif,ka wmg - wfmka mdi,g ^mdif,ka Tn ,nk u.
fmkaùu iy Tfnka mdi,g úh hq;= hq;=lï&
¹¸' lD; .=K ie,lSu W;=ï h'

21 i;=re - ñ;=rej
ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkhg Wmfoia ,nd fok fmd; m;

isxy,fha ÿ¾,N h' ta i|yd jeo.;a uQ,dY%hla f,i ie,flk
m%nkafOdamfoaYh uqksodi l=udr;=x.f.a lD;shls' tu .%ka:fhka
Wmqgd .;a l;djla fï mdvfï oelafõ' th ,xldfõ b;sydih yd
ne÷Kq mqj;ls'
fuhg wjqreÿ tlaoyia iish miamkilg fm/ ,la Èje rc

meñ‚ uydfiakfhda uydúydrfhys NslaIQkaf.a u;hg úreoaO jQ
flfkls' Tjqkaf.a .=re jQfjda ix>ñ;% kïy' Tjqka uydfiakhkaf.a
msh rc iufhys cïnqoaùmfhka ,xldjg meñ‚fha ‘uydúydr NslaIQka
ffj;=,H u; .kajñ" ke; fyd;a" Tjqkaf.a úydrhka uq,skqÿrejd-mshñ’
hk m%;s{dj fldge-f.ke he'
uydfiakfhda ish .=rekg b;d Nla;su;a jQy' tfyhska Tjqkaf.a
iuhfhys § .=reyq iajlSh m%;s{dj iuDoaO le/,Sug wjldY ,oafoda he'
rcqkaf.a wkque;sh we;s je" ix>ñ;%fhda ‘uydúydr jdiS Y%uKhlayg
wyrla ÿkakl=g ishla ov he’ hs wKla ,ejQy' uydúydr NslaIQyq wdydr
fkd ,ene" u,hhg o reyqKg o .sfhda he' ix>ñ;%fhda uydúydrh
úkdY lrjd fjfyr ìu idjd W÷ jems/jQy'
uydfiakhkaf.a ñ;% jQ fï>j¾K kï wud;H flfkla jQfjda he'
ix>ñ;%hkaf.a Ydik kdik l%shd fudjqkaf.a ñ;% O¾uh ,sys,a flf<a he'
yjqreÿ kjhlg miq ix>ñ;%hka" uydúydrh" f,dajduymdh wdÈh we;=¿
úydr ;=kaish iQiegla ì|e fy¿E miq" rg jeishka ;Èka lsmqKq miq"
fï>j¾Kfhda u,hhg f.dia" tys fik`. /ia fldge f.ke" reyqKg
.sfhda he' tys ñksiaiq fï>j¾Khkaf.a fiakdj b;d uy;a l<y'
fufia i¾jdx. iïmQ¾K jQ uyd fiakdj msßjrd fï>j¾Kfhda
wkqrdOmqrh n,d kud .;ay' fï m%jD;a;sh weiQ uydfiakfhda o" ‘hy¿jd
Tyqf.a ;efkys § ue" iqÿiq mßÈ olsue’ hs ;ukaf.a fiakdj ikakoaO

fldge-f.ke" ol=K n,d .uka .;af;da he' Tyq jyjyd hkakdyq" lsysm
Èfklska ue i;=re fik`.g kqÿre jQy' rc fik`. meñ‚ nj wid"
fï>j¾Kfhda uy.ug kqÿre ¥r;siai kï jej iómfhys l|jqqre ,d
.;ay' uydfiakhkaf.a l|jqr thg kqÿre jQ iqrlaIs; ia:dkfhle ù he'
hy¿jka Tjqfkdjqkaf.a f,fyfhka lvq m;a iqr;a lrk Èk fig he'
wo fol|jqfrys ue Ngfhda lji ne÷ï ,;s" lvq uqjy;a flfr;s" ÿkq
o~q" ÿkq Èh" yS úui;s' kdhlfhda uq¿ fik`. msßlaid" fkd;r ;eka
;r flfr;s' tla l|jqfrle prfhda wfkla l|jqrg fjia j<d jeoe" tys
Yla;sh oek f.ke" ÿ¾j, ia:dkhka oeke f.ke" iajlSh mlaIh okaj;s'
fiakdêm;Syq" ‘fuf;la fok miq lv f.kehkafkda he" fuf;la fok
wdmodÈfhys § tkakg bkafkda he’ hk wdoska fiakd ixúOdkh flfr;s'
we¢ß .efi;a ue fol|jqfrys ue rlj,a b;d ;r he' ikaê rlaIlhd
fkdy~jd" Tyqf.a f;daurh t,a,jkq fkdoele" l|jqrg jofka iq<`.
mufKls' we;eï Ngfhda ksiel je kso;a' we;eïyq ikakdy ikakoaO je"
wÈis myrlg uqyqK mdkakg ie/iS isá;s' jßka j/ kdhlfhla l|jqr
jgd f.dia ikaê n,d" rlj,a n,d ths'
ysre nei fydard folla .; úhe' rc l|jqfrys rlaIlfhla i;=re
l|jqßka tkakl= Èg' rlaIlhd f;daurh ;r fldge w,a,d .;af;a he"
f;d,a ;o le/-.;af;a he' tkakyq weis msh fkd fy<d n,d isáfha he'
tkafka fkd kej;e ue ths' oeka l|jqfrys mkaoï t<sh Tyqg jefghs' fya
fYdaNudk mqreIfhls" iqúkS; f,i" iqÿ j;ska ieriqfKls' iqÿ j;ska
jeiQ ;gqjla oE;ska .;af;ls'
Tyq yd rlaIlhd yd w;r oeka ;=ka nUfhla muK he' rlaIlhdf.a
f;daurh t,a, úhe' Tyqf.a uqj újr úhe' bka yf~la ke`.sK'
“fyda" kj;skq' ljfrla o@”
“uu" fï>j¾K' rdc iajdóka olakg fhñ' ud olajj'”
rlaIlhd Èla l< f;daurh weoe" wuq;a;d je|e" “fufia jäkq uekeje”hs
lshñka fmrgq úhe' laIKfhlska uydfiak" fï>j¾K hk fofok
h<s ÿ uqK .eiqfKda he' fï>j¾Kfhda rcqka je|" ;gqj mfile ;nd"
jeiau bj;a lf<da he'
“fï lsfula o" fï>j¾Kfhks@”
“foajhka jykai" ug u,h ráka ,enqfKls' fï m%Œ; udxifhls' fï
uOqr mdkfhls' fm/ funkaola ,;a l,e ug isys jk fiala Tn jyka-
fia he' wo o fjkfila fkdù he' t fyhska f.ke wdñ' lej uekeje"
mqj uekeje'”
“f;ms o ys|e .kqj" fï>j¾Kfhks˜ hs lshñka uydfiakfhda ys| .;ay'
fï>j¾Kfhda o ys| .;ay' ;gqj u¢ka u| ysia úhe' “b;d ñysß hs"
fï>j¾Kfhks" b;d ñysß hs” hkq w;r;=/ lsysm úgla ue rcqkaf.a
uqúka kslañK'
ld î fl<jr jQ miq" hy¿fjda fofok tla je ys|e f.ke" l:djg
jegqfKda he'
“udf.a mru ñ;% jQ f;ms ug ljr fyhska odußl jQ yQ o@”
“Tn jykafiayg uu odußl fkd ùñ' Tn jykafiaf.a Ydik kdik
l%shdjg uu odußlfhñ' uyd úydrh keiSfuka fYdalhg m;a je fufia
lf<ñ'”
“fï>j¾Kfhks" ud uq<d je l< jrfols' uu uydúydrh
keje;e lrjkafkñ' f;ms udf.a jro laIud lrjq o@”
“taldka;fhka ue" foajhka jykai" laIud flfrñ' uydúydrh
le/ùug iydh o fjñ' udf.a jro o laIud l< uekeú'” foñ;=frda
ñ;=frda ue jQy'
hqoaOh tmufKls' fï m%jD;a;sh úÿ,sh fuka fol|jqfrys me;s/
.sfha he' miq Èke Wofhys tys olakg ,enqfKa l|jqre W.=¿jd hkakg
ie/fikq mufKls' i;H jQ ñ;% O¾uhla ne¨j uekú' oyia .Kka
ckhdf.a urKh je<elsK' uydúydrh muKla fkdje" kiන ,o ish¨
úydr ue fmr<d le/úK' uyd ckhdf.a fldamh ksúK' rg iqjm;a úK'

WNhdxYh - fowxYh
lji - hqo we÷u
prfhda - f;dr;=re fidhñka ryfia yeisfrk mqoa.,fhda
cïnqoaùmfhka - oUÈúka
f;daurh - hqoaOfha § i;=rkag wekSu i|yd Ndú;
flfrk wdhqOhls
mqj uekj - fndkq uekú
mqr - k.r
m%Œ; - b;d rij;a
m%;s{dj - fmdfrdkaÿj
uq<dj - fudavlu
Y%uKhla - NslaIqjla
ikakoaO fldg - hqoaOhg iQodkï lr
iqr;a - b;d r;=
i¾jdx. - ish¨ wx.
wjfndaOh
1' mdvu lshjd wid we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

¸' uyfika rc;=udf.a .=re;=ud ,xldjg meñ‚fha l=uk ld,fha § o@
¸¸' mdvug wkqj ix>ñ;% ,xldjg meñ‚fha fln÷ woyila we;sj o@
¸¸¸' uydúydr NslaIQkag wdydr fkd ,enqfKa wehs@
¸¹' uyfika rcqf.a ñ;%hd ljqo@
¹' uyfika rcq yd ñ;=rd w;r wukdmhla we;s jQfha wehs@
¹¸' fï>j¾Khkaf.a ls%hdj ms<sn| Tfí woyia olajkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi
1' ysia ;ekg iqÿiq jpkh f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'
¸' uyfika rc;=ud uydúydr NslaIQkaf.a u;hg '''''''''''''''''''''' wfhls'

^w& weyqïlka ÿka ^wd& úreoaO jQ ^we& mlaImd;S
¸¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' rfgys ñksiaiq fï>j¾Khkaf.a fiakdj Yla;su;a
l<y'
^w& ishï ^wd& u,h ^we& reyqKq
¸¸¸' w÷r jefg;a u l|jqre foflys u rlj,a b;d ''''''''''''''''''''' úh'
^w& ;r ^wd& u| ^we& ìh
¸¹' ysre nei .sh miq uyfika rcqf.a l|jqrg meñ‚ mqreIhd
jQfha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^w& ix>ñ;% h ^wd& ¥r;siai h ^we& fï>j¾K h
¹' uyfika yd fï>j¾K hk hy¿jka fofokd h<s ñ;% ùu ksid
rg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úh'
^w& fNao ^wd& iqjm;a ^we& tlafiai;a
2' my; i|yka jdlHj, ;o l¿ wl=ßka uqøs; moj, woyi Tfí

jpkfhka ,shkak'
¸' ix>ñ;%hkaf.a Ydik kdik l%shd fudjqkaf.a ñ;% O¾uh ,sys,a
lf<a h'
¸¸' we¢ß .efi;a ue fol|jqfrys ue rlj,a b;d ;r he'
¸¸¸' f;daurh ;r fldg w,a,d .;af;a h'
¸¹' —udf.a mru ñ;% jQ f;ms ug ljr fyhska odußl jQ o@˜
3' fï mdvfï we;=<;a uydm%dK wlaIr iys; jpk wNHdi fmdf;a
,shkak'

4' my; i|yka kdumoj, wkqla; mo ,shkak'
¸' uydfiakfhda - ¹¸' ñksiaiq -

¸¸' NslaIQyq - ¹¸¸' rc -
¸¸¸' Tjqyq - ¹¸¸¸' hy¿fjda -
¸¹' .=reyq - ¸º' hkafkda -
¹' ix>ñ;%fhda - º' we;eïyq -
5' my; i|yka jdlHj, bß we¢ mo l=uk mqreIhg wh;a oehs

,shkak'
¸' uyd úydr NslaIQyq wdydr fkd,en" u,hhg o reyqKg o .sfhda he'
¸¸' “uu" fï>j¾K '''”
¸¸¸' “f;ms o ys|e.kqj" fï>j¾Kfhks'”
¸¹' “Tnjykafiayg uu odußl fkdùñ'''”
¹' foñ;=frda ñ;=frda ue jQy'
m%dfhda.sl wNHdi
1' fï mdvu Yío kÕd lshjkak'

2' fofokd ne.ska tla ù uyfika rcq yd fï>j¾K weu;s w;r we;s
jQ ixjdoh kdgHdkqrEmSj lshjkak'
3' uyd úydrh yd úkdY flreKq wfkl=;a fjfyr úydr kej; bÈ
l< miq uyfika rcq i;=gg m;aj isák wjia:djl" fï>j¾K weu;s
uqK.eiqKq úg Tjqka fofokd w;r we;s úh yels fonila ks¾udKh
lrkak'

Sinhala Language Grade 6

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wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

m<uqjk uqøKh 2014

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr" iyldr wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßiaa

iydh iïnkaëlrKh Èf,ald wurfiak" ixj¾Ok ks,Odß

3' B' wd¾' ksu,a fm%aul=udr lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

5' m%.S;sld chfialr iyldr flduidßia" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

3' úmq,s ksfrdaIsŒ f,aÅld

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

11 jejg mska §,d m,h,a,d

17 mqxÑ mef<a .i fjkd 107

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fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 3

4 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

lrla .y,d - lrla f.äh keue;s WmlrKfhka ud¿ we,a,Su

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fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 5

1' l:d jHjydrfha tk my; i|yka fhÿï f,aLk jHjydrhg yrjd

1' fuu ckl;dj Yío k`.d lshjkak'

6 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

ñksid o fiiq i;=ka yd .yfld<" we<fod<" l÷fy,a wdÈh

lú fm< lshjd my; oelafjk m%Yakj,g mss<s;=re imhkak'

8 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 9

1' my; oelafjk lúj, wvq mo ,shkak'

10 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

12 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 13

14 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 15

16 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

1' jeoaokaf.a È<s÷ nj jvd;a fyd¢ka lshefjk mdGh Wmqgd

1' my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

iqn me;=ï m;a

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 19

ksoiqka(- wka;¾ úoHd,hSh u,, lS%vd ;r.fhka ch ,enQ Tfí mka;sfha u

fl<s ìfuys fkdnd mE

20 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

iqn Wmka Èkhla u fõjdæ

ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fï ;dla ÿrg jHdma; ùug fmr l,la w;sYhska

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 21

wm l;d lsÍfï § úúO Yío uqúka ksl=;a fjhs' ta Yío ,shd

24 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

isxy, wlaIrud,dfõ we;s iajr my; oelafõ'

iajrhla Bg kshñ; rEmfhka u ,shkafka jpkhl uq,a Yíoh yeáhg

iajr" jpkhl uq, fh§u

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 25

iajrhla ;ksj WÉpdrKh l< yels kuq;a jH[ackhla ;ksj WÉpdrKh

fï wlaIr iajrhla iu. fhfok úg WÉpdrKh lsÍu myiq fõ'

26 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

iajrh fhfok ms,a, ms,af,ys kduh ms,a, wl=rej, fhfok

wd d we,ms,a, ldish" rndk" ukd,sh

we e flá weoms,a, lelsß" jeyefrkjd" meye

wE E È.= weoms,a, lEu" yekaoEj" ?k

b s biams,a, ls;=,a" udmsh" msysá

B S È.= biams,a, lS¾;sh" w§k" YÍr

t f fldïnqj fllal" ief,kjd" fufy

´ f da fldïnqj iy §¾>;aj fldar,h" úfkdaoh"

RD DD .egms,s fol l¾;DDka" Ydia;DDka"

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 27

1' iajrhla fydaäfha oelafjk rEmfhka u ,shkafka jpkhl l=uk

28 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'