PRE – UNIVERISTARIO

Prepa 2 Matemáticas
MATEMÁTICAS

Ing. Julio Gonzales P.

 Aritmética
Reglas para las potencias
(−𝑎)𝑝𝑎𝑟 = 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑎2 𝑎 2
𝑎1 ∗ 𝑎2 = 𝑎1+2 =
𝑏 2 𝑏
(−𝑎)𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟 = 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
𝑎2 ∗ 𝑏 2 = (𝑎𝑏)2 (𝑎2 )2 = 𝑎2∗2
𝑎0 = 1
𝑎2 𝑎 −2 𝑏
2
= 𝑎2−1 =
𝑎1 = 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
1
𝑎−1 = 𝑎≠0
𝑎

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Aritmética
Reglas para las Raíces
𝑎, 𝑏 ≥ 0
2
3 1
𝑎2∗3
2 2
𝑎∗𝑏= 2
𝑎∗ 𝑏 𝑎3 = 𝑎2 = = ( 2 𝑎)3

2 2 2
2 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎∗ 𝑏= 𝑎2 ∗ 𝑏
= 2
𝑏≠0
𝑏 𝑏
2 3 2∗3
𝑎= 𝑎

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Aritmética
5 0 −3 4 −2
2 5
2 0
2 −3
81 −2 2 2 2 3
3 3 3 16 3 3 3 2
=
−5 1 5 2 3 −5 1 5 2 3 3
3 2 2 8 3 2 2 2
2 3 3 27 2 3 3 3

5 0 −3
2 2 2 3 −8
3 3 3 2
= −5 1
3 2 2 10 2 9
2 3 3 3

5 0 −3 8 10
2 2 2 2 2
−15 15
3 3 3 3 3 2 3
= 5 1 10 9
= 25 = =
2 2 2 2 2 3 2
3 3 3 3 3

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Aritmética 36 1
=5
7 7
1 2 6 5 2 1 3 10 − 1 2 30 4 3
2−
5
∙ − ÷
7 4 7 2 1 5 28 − 7 36
−1 ÷ −5 = −1 ÷ 1 −
2 1 1 1 1 7 27 − 2 1 1 7
3− − ∙ ÷ − ÷
9 2 3 4 5 9 2 12 5 2
9 1 3
5 2 36
1 9 2
15 4 3 = −1 ÷
1
−
7
2 =1∗4 5 14 − 7 36 25
12
= −1 ÷ − 9
3 2∗3 25 1 5 7 6
− =
4 9 2 12 81 1 7
= 25 ÷ 8 − 36
9 2
15 − 8 3 9 1 7
5 14 36 25 12
= −1 ÷ −
25 6−5 7 81 12 36 3 36 36
9 12 = ÷ − =9÷ − =6−
9 8 7 2 7 7

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Aritmética
2 2
2 1 2 1 1 6−1 2−3 1−2 5
− + 13 −1 ÷ −1 ÷2 = + 13 ÷ ÷
3 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2

2
5 −1 −1 5
= + 13 ÷ ÷
9 3 2 2

5 1 −1 5
= + 13 ∙ ÷ ÷
9 9 2 2

5 13 2
= + ÷ −
9 9 10

1
=2 ÷ − = −10
5

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Aritmética
2 2 2 2 2
7− 2 = 7 −2 7 2+ 2 2− 3 = 22 − 2 ∙ 2 3 + 3

= 7 − 2 14 + 2 = 4−4 3+3

= 9 − 2 14 = 7−4 3

2 2 2
2
5 + 2) ∙ ( 5 − 2 = 5 −2 2 5 + 3 2) ∙ (2 5 − 3 2 = 2 5 − 3 2

=5−4 = 20 − 18

=1 =2

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Aritmética

2 (4 + 2 2൯ 2(4 + 2 2൯
∗ =
4−2 2 4+2 2 4 − 2 2)(4 + 2 2

2(4 + 2 2൯
= 2
42 − 2 2

2(4 + 2 2൯
=
16 − 8

2(4 + 2 2൯ 2(2 + 2൯ 2+ 2
= = =
8 4 2

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 3 4
𝒙48

3 48
𝑥4

3
𝑥 12

12
𝑥3

𝒙4

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟
𝒙64

𝑥 32

𝑥 16

𝑥8

𝒙4

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 6x 4
𝒙48𝑥

6x 48x
𝑥 4

6x
𝑥 12𝑥

12𝑥
𝑥 6𝑥

𝒙2

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝒙
𝑅𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟
𝒙+1− 𝒙−1

𝑥 𝑥+1+ 𝑥−1
∙
𝑥+1− 𝑥−1 𝑥+1+ 𝑥−1

𝑥( 𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 − 1൯
2 2
𝑥+1 − 𝑥−1

𝑥( 𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 − 1൯
𝑥+1−𝑥+1

𝒙( 𝒙 + 1 + 𝒙 − 1൯
2

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟

5𝑛 5𝑛 + 5 𝑛−1 (5𝑛 + 5)5𝑛

𝑛−1 5𝑛−1 +1 𝑛−1 +1 𝑛−1
5 =
5 =
=
5 + 5𝑛 5 + 5𝑛 5
51−𝑛 + 1 5
+1 5𝑛
5𝑛

𝑛−1 5𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑛−1
= = 5𝑛−1 = (5)𝑛−1 =5
5

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
2𝑎 2𝑏
9𝑎−𝑏 + 9𝑎−𝑏 3 2 𝑎−𝑏
+3 2 𝑎−𝑏
3𝑎−𝑏 + 3𝑎−𝑏
𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎+𝑏
3𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−𝑏
2𝑎 2𝑏
3𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 2𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎−𝑎−𝑏 2𝑏−𝑎−𝑏
= 𝑎+𝑏 + 𝑎+𝑏
= 3𝑎−𝑏−𝑎−𝑏 + 3𝑎−𝑏−𝑎−𝑏 = 3 𝑎−𝑏 + 3 𝑎−𝑏
3𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−𝑏

= 31 + 3−1 = 3 + 1 9 1
𝑎−𝑏 −𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 −(𝑎−𝑏) 10
= 3𝑎−𝑏 + 3 𝑎−𝑏 = 3𝑎−𝑏 + 3 𝑎−𝑏 = + =
3 3 3 3

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Álgebra
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝒂2 𝒂2
+
𝒎𝒏2 𝒎2 𝒏

𝑎2 1 1
( + ቇ
𝑚𝑛 𝑛 𝑚

𝑎2 𝑛 + 𝑚
( ቇ
𝑚𝑛 𝑚𝑛

𝑎2 (𝑛 + 𝑚) 𝒂 𝒏+𝒎
=
𝑚2 𝑛 2 𝒎𝒏

Ing. Julio Gonzales P

 Geometría Analítica

9 𝑐 45 𝑑 20
𝑥 34 𝑦13

5 𝑐 48 𝑑 32
𝑥 11 𝑦 6

Ing. Julio Gonzales P