Organizational Behavior

1. The abilities that help me perform my role more effectively are as follows:
• Time management- my role in the organization requires me to work on huge volumes within
the given timeframe which usually gets very challenging. It requires me to allocate time frame
for all the activities and make sure 100% accuracy is achieved. I start by listing down the
activities and allocating minimum required time for the particular activity based on previous
experiences. Time management significantly helps in planning the activities to be performed
and achieve within the specific time period.
• Proactive- It is very important to display proactiveness to achieve and comply the target. Being
proactive serves me well in my individual contributor role where I try to look into the barriers
and sort them rather than waiting around for others to pitch in and delay the deadline.
• Analytical thinking- To achieve 100% accuracy in my work I need to be sure of the procedures
and data I work with. Analytical thinking is required at very stage possible to draw accurate
conclusions and work further. Analytical thinking helps in analyzing problems and breaking it
down into smaller parts in order to come to a conclusion.
• Email management- I work with a lot of email exchange on daily basis and it can get tough to
manage and retrieve back to each and every email. This is where the email management
comes in help and makes it easier to handle the mailbox. It helps from storing to segregation to
efficiently responding to the customers in time.
• Work ethic- I take pride in my strong work ethic which I have developed with time. From the
very beginning of my professional career, I have been very adamant on maintaining
professionalism and work with integrity which I have gotten praised for at every step along with
my work.

The purpose of a job description is to accurately explain the requirements and responsibilities
of a role within the organization. It includes detailed information about the job role and
essential functions and duties to be performed. It involves huge number of details such as
what an employee needs to do, how it is to be done and what are the performance standards
expected out of the employee.
The abilities of an employee should match with the job description because when you have a
clearly defined job description with all the required skills, it will be easier to identify those skills
in your potential employees. The job description is laid out very carefully with precise
information by the employers to specific the needs, requirement and expectations for the
particular role. If both the parties are able to understand the description if will make the
process of selection and choosing the potential candidates easier with every step. There are
various tools to evaluate the employee’s skill we can be used to gain a better understanding of
the individual skills set and personality characteristics.

This could be further explained with an example

We are seeking an innovative marketing manager to promote our company’s brand and
services. In this role you will be optimizing our marketing strategies, managing the marketing
department’s budget and staff as well as preparing forecasts, with extensive knowledge of
marketing strategies and the ability to identify new business leads.
Marketing manager responsibilities:
• Evaluating marketing and pricing strategies
 • Analyzing market trends
• Generating new business
• Increase brand awareness
• Coordinating marketing strategies with sales, financial, public relations and production.
• Banding, advertising and promotional campaigns

Marketing manager requirements:

• Bachelor’s degree in marketing, business or administration.
• A master’s degree in a relevant field will be helpful
• Minimum two years’ experience as a marketing manager
• Exceptional analytical and problem-solving skills
• Strong time management and organizational abilities

In this scenario the requirements and qualifications expected of an employee are laid
out very precisely and accurately. The employers would start by selecting employees
with required experience as a manager. Next step would be analyzing their skill set with
the job description and more which could be profitable to the organization. Herein to get
a better understanding of the skills, personality and experience of an individual personal
interviews on different levels could be arranged. Personal interview makes it very
convenient to assess one’s personality with face-to-face interaction. This is why the job
description and the abilities of an employee should match to find the best fit for the role.

2. Perception is defined as the “process by which individuals select, organize and interpret the
input from their senses to give meaning and order to the environment around them. “

In today’s world where we still under the shadow of covid pandemic the companies are
beginning to consider another module of balanced human power to keep the organization up
and running, by appointing some head count near the location while others continue to work
remotely. Asa result of this new method people have more access to resources and it has also
has developed employee experience. In times like these where we are working virtually and
only has limited virtual contact with our peers and supervisors it can feel very strange and
lonely. Personal and face-to face interaction is as important for employees to feel welcomed
and motivated to work in the organizational environment. It can get even harder to mange the
process and maintain a smooth workflow. There are various steps that can make managing
work virtually a little easier and flexible.

• Daily hurdles- Daily meetings and hurdles are a very effective manner to keep
everybody informed and updated with the work going on daily basis. Hurdles are a very
simple and casual way of conversing among the team members on daily basis to
discuss everything and anything work related.
• Fun activities- It is very easy for an individual working from home with no personal
contact with team to frustrated and anxious and might distract them from their target to
be achieved. It could be a breather for team to virtually contact once in a week to
participate in fun activities such as Pictionary, virtual ludo, chess etc to cheer
themselves up and get freshen up.
• Trackers- Trackers are a very effective way to keep the whole team updated with the
work or goals in process and achieved. Trackers could be created in excel sheet and
 accordingly can be updated as the work goes on. It will be very helpful in managing
workload and assigning to the employees.
• Counselors- Every organization should have good counselors appointed for employees
who they can reach out when they feel the need to talk about their mental health
emotions and get help.
• One on one session with leads- in such sessions employees could share their work
from home experience. They can share the pros and cons, always provide feedback if
there are things which could be done better with help of more resources and tools.

3. According to Munn N.L “Learning is the process of having one’s behavior modified, more or
less permanently, by what he does and the consequence of his action, or by what he
observes.”

In this scenario in which the employees need to learn certain model behaviors, learning helps
employees to change their behavior hence bringing more efficiency in their work. Thus, an
organization as a whole must adopt a habit of constant learning. The main goal of learning is to
instill a moment among the employees of the organization to find new ways to improve their
effectiveness.

a) Nikita should choose cognitive learning theory for faster results.

Cognitive theory was first discovered by Jean Piaget. The cognitive learning theory is also
known as cognitivism. According to cognitivism, learning occurs when a person’s
perception is combined, extended or altered. It basically works on two key assumptions:
• The memory system processes the information in an organized way.
• Prior knowledge plays an important role in learning.
Cognitive learning can be done in various stages with various components in mind.
This learning method starts with processing the information provided to an individual called
Sensory memory. In this level the information will be processed by different sense organs
until it is time to process the information further. In the next stage the individual selects the relevant
information and ignores the rest using sensory memory. After this the individual memory tries to
connect with the information gathered and relating it with the information they have already stored.
Shortly the individual process the information further to make ready for long terms storage and
response. After processing the short-term memory, the individual should repeat the information again
and again so it can be stored permanently. The leaner is an information processor that absorbs data
and performs cognitive operations on it and stores it in memory. As a result, it will prove to be the
faster method of learning among employees.

b) Reinforcement is a process through which a certain type of behavior is strengthened in an

individual. The reinforcement theory was developed by B.F. Skinner and his associates and
is applied to motivate and retain employees. This theory seeks to explain behavior without
relying on unobservable internal factors such as needs, thoughts, etc.
Learning through reinforcement is one of the oldest approaches used by organization for
changing the behavior of individuals at a workplace. This is also called Behavior
modification. In other words, it refers to the consequences of behavior positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction. They seek to encourage
desirable behavior by different approaches. The purpose of it to teach new skills, teach a
replacement behavior for an interfering behavior.

Behavior modification involves a three stages procedure:

• Antecedents- they are the events that occur before the behavior depicted by an
individual. That means here the individuals knows their action will lead to a
consequence. They are already aware that by performing or by not performing the
activity there is going to be and end result to that. This is the stage of awareness.
• Behavior- it is the response to the antecedent. This is where the individual takes an
action by either performing the activity or by not performing the activity. This is the
stage of actions.
• Consequences- in behavior modification, consequence is the result of the response
or action taken by the individual. This is the stage where they face the outcome of
their behavior which could be either positive or negative. The result of this stage is
decided by the behavior of an individual.