Hydrology treats the waters of the

earth, their occurrence, circulation,

and distribution, their chemical and
physical properties, and their
reaction with the environment,
including their relation to living
Hydrology things. We will only study a few
aspects of hydrology in this course
to give you an idea of its relevance
and an insight into some issues of
particular importance to
engineering.

4/23/22 1
 The Hydrological Cycle

4/23/22 2
The Hydrological Cycle

3
Hydrologic
Cycle

4/23/22 4
Hydrological Balance

4/23/22 5
Categories of
Consumptions

4/23/22 6
 Water Use
in Industrial
Societies

4/23/22 7
Peak Water
Use to
Average
Flow

4/23/22 8
Open Channel Flow Measurement

4/23/22 9
Wastewater Flow Rates – Residential
Effect of household size and conservation program

4/23/22 10
Wastewater
Flow Rates -
Commercial

4/23/22 11
Wastewater Flow Rates –
Institutional 4/23/22 12
 Wastewater Flow Rates – Recreational

4/23/22 13
 Wastewater
Flow Rates
Devices and
Appliances

4/23/22 14
Distribution of Residentional Indoor Use

4/23/22 15
 Water Consumption by Country

4/23/22 16
Temporal Distribution of Wastewater Flows

4/23/22 17
Effect of City Size on Wastewater Flow

4/23/22 18
Collection System Impacts

• Infiltration – groundwater entering sanitary sewer through cracked pipes

and joints
• Steady inflow – water to sanitary sewer form «inappropriate
connections» e,g., cellar and foundation drains, cooling-water discharge,
direct connections to springs/swamps.
• Direct inflow – stormwater runoff connections to network; immediate
increase during storm.
• Delayed inflow – increased flows from foundation drains, sump pumps,
seepage into manhole covers (indirect effect from wet weather).

4/23/22 19
Flow Monitoring
Over Time
Graphical
Identification of
Infiltration and
Inflow

4/23/22 20
Combined
Sewers
and
Flowrates

4/23/22 21
Combined
Sewers

4/23/22 22
Flow Variations in a Combined Collection
System

Rainfall Hytegraph Catchment Flowrate Treatment plant Flowrate

23
Flowrate
Quantification

4/23/22 24
Water Constituents

4/23/22 25
Typical Mineral Increase from Domestic
Water Use

4/23/22 26
Any Question?