Theme 4.4.

Vocabulary II: Essential Vocabulary

Read vocabulary notes using hyperlinks to Oxford Online Dictionary, find the head
units or their synonyms in the extract and translate relevant sentences.
1. set vt/i 1) to make to be in a specified condition, as to open the cage and set the bird
free; to set the papers (a village, a house) on fire; 2) to fix or determine (a rule, time,
standard), as to set a wedding day, to set a new land speed record; 3) to give (a piece
of work) for (someone) to do, e, g. Who sets the questions for the examination? The
teacher has set the class a huge homework. 4) to fix firmly (a part of the body, esp.
regarded as showing one's intentions, feelings, etc.), e. g. He set his jaw and refused to
agree to anything I said. She's set against her daughter's marriage. 5) to put into
action, e. g. He set the machine going with a push; to set the ball rolling (idiom); 6) to
cause (a liquid, paste, soft material, etc.) to become solid, e. g. Set the jelly by putting
it in a cold place. 7) to write or provide (music) for a poem or other words to be sung,
e. g. The poem was set to an old working song tune.
to set one’s eyes on smb/smth to see, e. g. I hope I will never set my eyes on that
fellow again.
to set one’s foot in (place) to come, (usual. in negative sentences), e. g. I will never
again set my foot in your house!
to set one's teeth on edge to frighten smb, e. g. Jack jumped out of the ditch and set
my teeth on edge.
to set one's heart (mind, hopes) on smb/smth to be filled with strong desire for, e. g.
The boy has set his heart on becoming an engineer.
to set
~ about smth, to start doing smth e. g. I do not have an idea how to set about this job.
~ smth aside, to put aside, to postpone, to ignore, e. g. Let’s set aside our disagreements.
~ smth back, to hold back, e. g. Heavy rain set back the football match.
~ smth down, to write down, e. g. Please set down your homework.
~ off smth, to start, e. g. The personnel’s mistake set off a chain reaction.
~ smb. off doing smth, to make smb laugh, cry, etc., e. g. Her jokes set me off laughing all
the time.
~ smb. on smb. / to be ~ on smb, to be turned against smb as to be ready to attack, e. g. Go
away or I’ll set my dogs on you!
~ (down) to smth, to start doing something actively, e. g. After a shower and a breakfast, he
set to work.
~ smb. up, to energize (about beverages, food, and medicines), e. g. This drink will set you
up. (do not confuse with cheer up, encourage)
~ oneself up as smb, to become a respectable professional, e. g. Mike has set himself up as a
lawyer.
set a 1) determined, e. g. Don is set on leaving and I can't dissuade him. 2) given or
fixed for study, e. g. The examination will include questions on the set books (texts).
3) (of part of the body, manner, state of mind, etc.) fixed in position, unmoving, e. g.
She greeted her guests with a set smile. 4) ready, prepared, e. g. Are you all set? Then
let's go.
set n 1) (informal) a group of people of a special type: the jet set 2) (sing.) natural
position of part of the body, e. g. From the set of her shoulders it was clear that she
was tired. 3) setting of the hair, e. g. "Shampoo and set, please," she said abruptly.
set-back: delay, obstacle
set-book: questions and books set for an exam, test, etc.
set-to: quarrel, fight
set-up: internal rules
setting: time+place+characters in a work of fiction; theatre props viewed together
1.1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
1. In the evenings, Jack would often set off to explore the town. 2. You should set aside
some money for a rainy day. 3. He tried to set aside his dislike of his daughter's fiance. 4.
We should set off before dawn to get there on time. 5. The redundancies set off strikes
throughout the area. 6. The bank helps people to set up their business. 7. He set off to
climb Everest. 8. Put the jelly into the ice-box to set. 9. We are all set, 10. I like the
setting of the show. 11. He has set his heart on becoming a ballet dancer. 12. They sat up
till the small hours setting the world to rights. 13. Did someone set fire to the house
deliberately? 14. Di had never set foot in Italy before. 15. Jill is very set in her ways. 16.
Stephen tut-tutted his way through the end-of-vacation examination papers he had set his
freshmen students.

1.2. Give English equivalents

Визволити полонених; підпалити будинок; встановити правило; призначати час
зустрічі; встановити стандарт якості; призначати день весілля; давати питання до
іспиту; задавати вправи; впертися; бути налаштованим проти когось; запустити
машину; почати проект/справу; покласти на музику; бути готовим; приводити в певний
стан; приводити у рух; палко бажати щось зробити; твердіти; гоїтися; затримувати;
встановити правила передплати; підбурювати робітників проти керівництва;
встановлювати новий рекорд країни в легкій атлетиці; надавати питання для іспиту з
іноземної літератури, записувати відповіді, давати учням вправи на використання
артиклю, стартувати перегони, задзвонити у непризначений час (про годинник),
примушувати плакати, впертися у переговорах, нацькувати собаку, енергійно
почати звільняти людей з роботи; підбадьорити (про каву); покласти желе у
холодильник, щоб воно застигло; застигла посмішка; незмінна позиція; стати
гарним юристом; спілка митців; внутрішні правила у фірмі; затримка матча; бійка у
барі; список літератури; вищій світ; твердо вирішити стати найкращим

1.3. Paraphrase using set+ postlogue to change the italicised word.

1. They went about the work with great gusto. 2. You’d better write it down in your
notebook. 3. Mary did not even know how to start this conversation. 4. Let’s disregard
the emotions and put two and two together. 5. When Pete came back from college, his
family helped him to establish himself as a shop-owner. 6. Can you start the car? 7. This
soap opera always makes me cry. 8. We’ll have to install the equipment ourselves. 9.
While establishing your own business, you have completely neglected the family. 10. The
match was delayed by a thunderstorm. 11. If you intend to break with your husband, tell
him about that now. 12. The poetic society met every Wednesday in one of Oxford clubs.
13. Do not even dare to make the children hate me! 14. These vitamins give energy to
those who badly need it in February. 15. It was clear that the journalist was sent for his
head.

1.4. Fill in with set+postlogue

1. It was a popular poem of the day set ___ a new melody. 2. The bad weather will set
___ our building plans. 3. There is no one to set him ___ as an actor. 4. The judge set ___
the decision of the lower court. 5. She set ___ her household chores right after breakfast.
6. Mike’s stories always set me ___ laughing. 7. The US mass media inform that the ISIS
has had 30 casualties, the ISIS sets this information ___. 8. Stop or I will set my dog ___
you. 9. I have no idea how to set ___ this task. 10. In incomplete families, the mother
often sets the children ___ their father. 11. Come in and have a coffee, it will set you
___. 12. When will you bring your report at last? You are setting ___ the whole
department! 13. Are you ___? Yes, ready as ever. 14. After only a few months, he set
himself ___ as a head of a big department. 15. When he hit the rifle against the wall it set
___ and nearly killed Bartie. 16. What is your ___ in World Literature? 17. The recent
defeat in the by-election is a major ___ to the ruling party. 18. I’ve only been here for a
couple of days and don’t really know the ___. 19. During a violent ___ several people
were injured. 20. Hopes of an early end of the strike received a severe ___ yesterday. 21.
All the stars have attended the first meeting of the theatre ___.

2. abandon vt 1) to leave completely and forever, desert, e. g. The sailors abandoned

the sinking ship. 2) to leave (a relation or friend) in a thoughtless or cruel way, e. g.
Sam abandoned his wife and went abroad. 3) to give up, esp. without finishing, e, g.
The search was abandoned when the night came though the child had not been found.
NB: to abandon may be used with far more negative connotation than to give up.
2.1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
1. The chauffeur regretfully abandoned his plans to attend the horse races. 2. Anthony did
not blame Steve who had abandoned him in the lurch.

2.2. Give the English equivalents (give up / abandon):

Кинути звичку; кинути палити; кинути дружину; залишити (втратити) надію;
покинути друга в біді; покинути свій пост; відмовитися від зусиль; покинути
потопаючий корабель; покинути родину на призволяще; залишити думку про
покращення; припинити спроби; припинити рятувальну операцію через небезпеку;
покинутий дім

3. resent vt to show or feel indignation at, as to resent smb's behaviour (smb's words,
an insult, smb's manner, etc.), e. g. Anyone would resent such treatment. The child
resented being made fun of.
resentful a feeling or showing resentment, as to be resentful of smb (smth), e. g. The
boy was resentful of the remark.
resentment n a feeling of indignation or annoyance; a deep sense of injury, as to
(have) bear no resentment against smb (smth), e. g. His conduct aroused everybody's
resentment.

3.1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. The Forsytes resented encroachments on their property. 2. Kit had been called out once
before during the night and his body resented the second disturbance. 3. He was a big
man who resented the buttons on his shirt.

3.2. Give the English equivalents for:

Обурюватися чиєюсь поведінкою; обурюватися чиїмось ставленням; ображатися на
зауваження; зачаїти образу; обурені родичі; викликати обурення; тримати образу на
когось

4. suggest vt 1) to cause to come to the mind, e.g. The open window suggested that
somebody else had got into the house. 2) to bring itself to the mind, e. g. An idea
suggested itself, Harry has bad manners: lack of proper home training suggests itself.
3) to give signs (of), e. g. Her expression suggested anger/(that) she was angry.
suggestion n a slight sign, e. g. Her face held a suggestion of anger.
4.1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
1. The business of words in prose is to state; in poetry not only to state but also (and
sometimes primarily) to suggest. 2. White gloves to the elbow suggested a Royal Garden
party. 3. He spoke German without any suggestion of French accent.

4.2. Give the English equivalents for:

Викликати думку; натякати на шось приємне; наводити на думку; казати про щось;
говорити саме за себе; мати ознаки пограбування; легкий натяк на польський акцент

5. hand n 1) a performer; a practitioner of a skill, as an old hand, a good hand at smth

Ant. not much of a hand at smth, e. g. I am not much of a hand at baking.
2) encouragement given by clapping the hands, as to give a (good, big) hand to smb,
get a (big, good) hand; 3) help (lend a helping hand to smb); 4) to (lose) control (to
have in hand / to get out of hand), e. g. The meeting is getting out of hand, stop talking
at once!
at hand (formal) near in time or place, e. g. She always keeps her dictionary at hand.
by hand by a person, not a machine or organisation, e. g. These rugs are made by
hand.
in hand, at one’s disposal, e. g. She has a small fortune in hand.
to eat out of someone's hand to be ready to do everything someone wants, e. g. I'll
soon have him eating out of my hand.
to give smb a free hand to allow smb to do things in his/her own way, e. g. You have
a free hand.
to be hand in glove (with) closely connected (with someone), esp. in smth bad, e. g.
They were hand in glove with the criminals.
hat in hand to beg, look for smth, e. g. He.went to his employer, hat in hand, for a
pay-rise.
on the one/other hand (used for comparing different things or ideas), e. g. I know this
job of mine isn't much, but on the other hand I don't have to do much.
to try one's hand (at) smth to attempt (an activity), e. g. I tried my hand at scuba-diving
though it was the first time I'd been in the water.
to wash one's hands of smth to refuse to be concerned with or responsible for, e. g. He
washed his hands of the entire affair.
to take a ~ in smth, to participate, e. g. I will take a hand in this project.
to have one’s ~s full, to be very busy, to have no time, e. g. Go away, I have my hands full!
on one’s ~s, to have smb/smth to take care of, e. g. Betty has a sick child on her hands.
hand (n)
hand-over, transfer, e. g. The hand-over of the technology will be completed in May.
hand-out, materials to be given to the press, students, etc.
Hands off! (excl. imp.), do not touch!
first hand, personally, e. g. I saw it first hand.

5.1. Translate into Ukrainian

1. It would be dreadful if something happened and I were not at hand. 2. Gentlemen, give
a big hand to the band! 3. I'll try my hand at poker tonight.

5.2. Give the English equivalents for:

Робітник сцени; з перших рук; тривалі оплески; зроблений ручним способом; наявний
у розпорядженні; на руках; руки геть; з одного/іншого боку; досвідчений робітник у
своїй справі; не дуже досвідчений у куховарстві; аплодування; довгі щирі оплески;
виходити з-під контролю; тримати обладнання під рукою; спробувати свої сили у
бізнесі; бути дуже зайнятим; ковдра, зроблена вручну; робити все, що скаже бос;
одна зграя; принизливо просити; мати деяку суму у розпорядженні; с одного боку, з
іншого боку; мати на руках хвору дитину; відмовлятися від відповідальності;
отримувати допомогу від товариша