Microsoft Corporation 

is an American multinational technology corporation which
produces computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related
services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond,
Washington, United States. Its best-known software products are the Windows line
of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web
browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and
the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No.
21 in the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total
revenue;[2] it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2016.[3] It is one of
the Big Five American information technology companies,
alongside Google, Amazon, Apple, and Meta.
Microsoft (the word being a portmanteau of "microcomputer software"[4]) was founded
by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for
the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market
with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. The company's 1986 initial
public offering (IPO), and subsequent rise in its share price, created three billionaires and
an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has
increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number
of corporate acquisitions, their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $26.2 billion
in December 2016,[5] followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion
in May 2011.[6]
As of 2015, Microsoft is market-dominant in the IBM PC compatible operating system
market and the office software suite market, although it has lost the majority of the
overall operating system market to Android.[7] The company also produces a wide range
of other consumer and enterprise software for desktops, laptops, tabs, gadgets, and
servers, including Internet search (with Bing), the digital services market
(through MSN), mixed reality (HoloLens), cloud computing (Azure), and software
development (Visual Studio).
Steve Ballmer replaced Gates as CEO in 2000, and later envisioned a "devices and
services" strategy.[8] This unfolded with Microsoft acquiring Danger Inc. in 2008,
[9]
 entering the personal computer production market for the first time in June 2012 with
the launch of the Microsoft Surface line of tablet computers, and later forming Microsoft
Mobile through the acquisition of Nokia's devices and services division. Since Satya
Nadella took over as CEO in 2014, the company has scaled back on hardware and has
instead focused on cloud computing, a move that helped the company's shares reach its
highest value since December 1999.[10][11]
Earlier dethroned by Apple in 2010, in 2018 Microsoft reclaimed its position as the most
valuable publicly traded company in the world.[12] In April 2019, Microsoft reached
the trillion-dollar market cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued
at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon respectively.[13] As of 2021, Microsoft has the
fourth-highest global brand valuation
Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen sought to make a business using their skills
in computer programming.[16] In 1972, they founded Traf-O-Data, which sold a
rudimentary computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. Gates enrolled
at Harvard University while Allen pursued a degree in computer science at Washington
State University, though he later dropped out to work at Honeywell.[17] The January 1975
issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's
(MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer,[18] which inspired Allen to suggest that they could
program a BASIC interpreter for the device. Gates called MITS and claimed that he had a
working interpreter, and MITS requested a demonstration. Allen worked on a simulator
for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they
demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. MITS agreed to
distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC.[15]: 108, 112–114  Gates and Allen established
Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as CEO,[19] and Allen suggested the name "Micro-
Soft", short for micro-computer software.[20][21] In August 1977, the company formed an
agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office
of ASCII Microsoft.[22] Microsoft moved its headquarters to Bellevue, Washington, in
January 1979