Ready to Launch!

In your previous year, you were introduced to this subject and learned the basics of re-
search. This year, you will come to realize the your final research project and paper. In this
module, student-researchers like you will learn how to conduct and then write the different
parts of a scientific investigation, you will be provided with sample research projects which
will serve as your basis in coming up with the different parts of your research paper, and you
will undergo exercises to help and guide you to have a good grasp of the topics presented.

Aim at the Target!

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. understand the parts of the IMRAD research paper
2. Identify the components of the Introduction and their respective contents and
guidelines in writing

SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE IN

RESEARCH III
Parts of Research Paper
4th Quarter

Learning Competency:
Familiarize the different parts of a Research Paper
(Introduction)
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 Keep This in Mind! Keep This in Mind!

Parts of a Research Paper

The Feasibility of Mango (Mangifera indica) Peeling Extract as Fabric
1. PRELIMINARY PARTS Dye
Title Page
The title page of a research report answers the question: “what did you study?” It is a brief Hermione Jean Granger
statement of the topic and clearly identifies the variables investigated. Harry James Potter
The title page includes the following: Ronald Bilius Weaseley

Research title
Full name of researchers Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research IV

Submission statement
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Research IV Barotac Nuevo National Comprehensive High School

School Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo

Date submitted
Full name of research adviser March 2021

The usual length of a research title is 10 to 12 substantial words.

The contents of the title page (particularly a, b, d, and f) are typed in upper case and lowercase Mr. Franz Ian D. Solomon
and centered on the page as shown below. Research Adviser

Following are examples of research titles:

 Biofuel from Castor Bean Plant (Ricinus communis) Abstract

 Trichoderma viride as a Biofungicide for the Control of Postharvest Banana Anthracnose
 Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes for the Production of a Fuel Substitute
 The Production of Marker Pen Ink from Carbon Black in Used Batteries
 Biolarvicide: A Breakthrough in Treating Dengue Mosquito Larvae
3 4
The abstract is a concise summary of the project. It gives the readers a general idea of the con-
tents of the research report which briefly states the problem, the methodology used, and the
findings and conclusion.
The abstract contains the following:
A short description of the background and purpose of the study
A statement of the conceptual framework and hypotheses
The main results and conclusions
The abstract can be one or more paragraphs, generally not more than 250 words.
In describing the completed research, the researchers use the past tense and third person. But
(a) in stating the findings of the research, (b) in citing existing facts, and (c) in describing what
is in the report, the researchers use the present tense.
 Keep This in Mind!
Abstract Sample No. 1
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE EXTRACTION OF GUM FROM TARO (Colocassia
esculenta) PETIOLES
The study is an evaluation of the feasibility of extracting gum from Taro
(Colocassia esculenta) using solvent and mechanical extraction and two methods of dry-
ing namely, solar-drying and oven-drying and the isolation of pectin as calcium pectate
from petioles. Results were evaluated in terms of the average percentage yield of gum
and pectin. Tests for Ph, moisture and ash content, and solubility were likewise conduct-
ed. Results show that the yield on sun-dried petioles is not significantly different from
oven-dried petioles. Hence, it was shown that the sun-drying method is cheaper and more
beneficial in maximizing the yield of gum from taro petioles. It was also found out that
pectin can be isolated as calcium pectate from taro petioles.
Abstract Sample No. 2
THE PRODUCTION OF MARKER PEN INK FROM CARBON BLACK IN
USED BATTERIES
The study was done on the production of marker pen ink utilizing carbon black
from used batteries as the main pigment source. The carbon black was obtained by open-
ing used batteries, and scrapping with a spatula. The pigment was ground and mixed with
glycerol. Initially, the pigments were mixed with the solvent ethanol to assure that they
were completely dissolved. The binder maltrin was then added followed by the additives
vinegar and copper sulfate solution. The ink samples were then transferred into recycled
marker pen casings.
The qualities of the samples were tested and compared with marker pens availa-
ble commercially. The qualities tested were: intensity of blackness, consistency of black-
ness, stability of blackness, resistance to fading, odor, and overall acceptability. The sam-
ples had varied amounts of the pigment source, carbon black to determine the best pro-
portion. The tests showed that the samples were generally inferior to commercial pens.
Carbon black has a great potential as an alternative pigment source. The research-
ers recommend further study on this project to obtain better, useful results.
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Keep This in Mind!
2. INTRODUCTION
This is the beginning or Part I of a scientific paper. The function of introduction is to give the readers a
comprehensive view of the particular field of study in preparation for analyzing the specific problem
investigated.
2.1. Background of the Study
The background answers the question: “Why did you conduct the study?” It describes the circum-
stances that suggested the research. It recounts the extent of research done on the topic or issue
leading directly to the problem studied
2.2. Statement of the Problem
The problem answers the question: “What did you study?”
 It clearly, accurately and briefly states the issue that was studies.
 It may be stated either in the declarative or interrogative form. However, it is more often written as a
simple statement followed by questions.
 It is defined in terms of data that can be obtained.
2.3. Hypotheses
 The hypotheses tested in the experiment are mentioned in this sup-part of the introduction.
 Interrogative or declarative form
 It focuses one’s attention on the potential solution to the problem
Formulation of the hypothesis is one of the most important aspects of a research project. Stating a hy-
pothesis must precede any experimentation and must be done after a thorough literature review.
Guideline in Hypothesis Formulation
 The hypothesis should be clear and brief. A hypothesis should clearly and concisely state the ex-
pected relationship (or differences) between two variables and define and define the variables in
operational, measurable terms. It should provide the a good idea of what you plan to do without be-
ing too wordy.
 A hypothesis should be based on past experiences and observations or information gathered from
your research.
 A hypothesis must be testable. Your hypothesis can be proven right or wrong, depending on the out-
come of the experiment.
 Keep This in Mind!
4. The hypothesis should state how, at the very least, two factors relate.
2.4. Significance of the Study
This part of the report highlights the possible contributions of the research findings to the country or
to various sectors of society. it describes (a) the relevance of the research to felt needs, (b) how
the research output may be directly useful to people, or (c) how the research contributed to the
advancement of science.
2.5. Scope and Limitations of the Study
This part defines the limits of the study in terms of:
 Scope of the area of study
 Scope of the problem;
 Time frame of study, and
 Any limitations in reference population, sample size, treatments done, instruments used or research
design.
2.5 Definition of Terms
 This section includes terms which should be interpreted in a manner unique to your research, i.e.,
different from how they are defined in the dictionary.
 It includes all the important variables in the study, especially those measured by means of specific
instruments or procedures
 The definitions may be conceptual or operational. An operational definition is one which indicates
how the particular term/ variable is measured or used in the study.
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Keep This in Mind!
Analysis
EXERCISE. Use the following guide questions in analyzing the sample r esear ch titles in
part A. Then write your own recommendation in part B.
Does the title state briefly what was studied?
Are the variables investigated in the study clearly identified?
SAMPLE RESEARCH TITLE
1. Mollusk-Killing Effect of Rosas de Baybayon (Catharanthus roseus) Against Golden
Kuhol (Pomacea canaliculata) and Phytochemical Analysis
2. Antibacterial Effects of Crude Extracts from Different Parts of Kakawate (Gliricidia sepi-
um), Papaya (Carica papaya), and Curcuma xanthorrizha on Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH TITLES
1. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________
Using the guidelines mentioned in formulating research titles, create two research titles of your
own. These titles must be original, not used by your classmates in as their current research
study, and not used as an example in our discussion.
1. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________
 Keep This in Mind! Keep This in Mind!

Analysis
Analysis
EXERCISE
PART B
Part A of this activity presents the abstract of a feasibility study of makabuhay extract as insec-
ticide against mosquitoes. Read carefully and determine its major components by answering the guide
questions in Part B.
What was the purpose or objective of the researcher in conducting the study? Briefly state the prob-
lem investigated.
PART A
____________________________________________________________________________________
THE FEASIBILITY OF MAKABUHAY EXTRACT AS INSECTICIDE AGAINST MOS- ____________________________________________________________________________________
QUITO ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
Abstract
How did the researcher conduct the investigation? What methodology was used?
Mosquitoes (Aedes vexan) are common house insects usually found in dark, humid places.
They lay eggs in or near water wherein wrigglers also develop. Mosquitoes are harmful and have pes- ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
tered humans and animals for thousands of years and now. To control these insects, laboratory chemi-
____________________________________________________________________________________
cal are effective, but they are expensive and not environment-friendly. In the barangays, there are com- ____________________________________________________________________.
mon herbal plants used by rural folks in exterminating harmful insects like mosquitoes.

Based in the data gathered from the feasibility tests on Treatment A – 1:2.5 makabuhay-to- What did the researcher find out in this study? State the findings and the interpretations/ conclusions
water ratio mixture, the results are the following: 40.12% mortality rate on adult mosquitoes and drawn from them.
80.66% mortality rate on wrigglers. This means the extract has less significant effect against adult Findings Interpretation/ Conclusions
mosquitoes but has big larvicidal potential on wrigglers. __________________________ ____________________________
Analytical tests showed Control 1 was more effective compared to makabuhay extract. __________________________ ____________________________
Makabuhay extract, on the other hand, had more available raw materials and costs less and was easier
__________________________ ____________________________
to prepare. After a month of research, the following conclusions were reached:
__________________________ _______________________________
Makabuhay stem can be a source of an extract which is a yellow-greenish suspension;
_____________________________ _______________________________
Makabuhay extract has larvicidal effect;
__________________________ ____________________________
Makabuhay extract has more deadly effect on wrigglers compared to adult mosquitoes; and
__________________________ ____________________________
The extract has significantly weaker larvicidal power compared to commercial larvicides.
__________________________ ____________________________
The makabuhay extract showed promising results indicating it could be a feasible substitute to com- __________________________ _______________________________
mercial insecticides. The use of makabuhay could also be one of the ways in eliminating chemical so- _____________________________ _______________________________
lutions that harm our environment and health.

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 Keep This in Mind!
Reflect
Abstraction and Generalization

 The Title. The Introduction is the first part of the body of a research report. It includes different sections
The first thing the reader comes across when searching. Tells the reader what’s in your paper that talks about the problem of the research study. As a researcher, what do you think are the
 Abstract. Condensed write-up of a technical article or research paper. Informs the reader importance of the Introduction in the research paper especially to the readers? Why don’t the
concisely about the objective of the study, the materials and methods, the findings, and the readers focus only on the methodology and the results of the study, when in fact, some of the
conclusion readers are concerned only with how the study was done and its results? Present your answer
 Introduction. Familiarizes the reader with the: in paragraph form.
a. Background of the study;
b. Statement of the research problem investigated;
c. Why the study was conducted;
d. Who will benefit from the study; and
e. How these target groups will benefit from the study.

 Background of the Study. The origin of the problem is defined. Describe the events that led
you to your research
 Statement of the Problem . The solutions of the subproblems taken together, combine to
solve the main or entire problem.
 Hypotheses . It focuses one’s attention on the potential solution to the problem.
 Significance of the Study. Justifies why pursuing the problem is worthwhile. Findings of
the study could address a need or make a significant contribution.

 Scope and Limitations of the Study. This subsection defines the samples in the study, the
treatments the samples are subjected to, any existing limitations of the samples known at
the time of the investigation, and limitations of date-gathering devices/ methods.

 Definition of Terms. This is an important part of research paper or report in which the key
or important terms in the study are clearly defined

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 Reinforcement & Enrichment Assess Your Learning

As a group (research groups of three), communicate with your groupmates through text or oth- 4. Accuracy and precision of equipment used in the study are or may also be stated in this
er messaging apps and talk about how you could improve the Chapter I of your research pro- subsection.
posal which is the Introduction ( which includes Background of the Study, Statement of the 5. Defines the samples in the study, the treatments the samples are subjected to, any existing

Problem, Hypotheses, and others). Review your research proposal and make some revisions if limitations of the samples and of the materials and equipment.
possible. Contact or reach out to your research for your questions and about the submission of 6. Findings of the study could address a need or make a significant contribution
the revised research proposal. 7. Provides justification why the study or the problem is worth-pursuing
8. It is where the origin of the study or problem is defined.
9. This part specifies the research questions that the study sought to answer
Assess Your Learning 10. Answers the question, “How did you come up with problem of study?”
11. It provides unambiguous meaning to key or important terms in the study so that appropri-
DIRECTION: Write the capital letter of the correct answer.
ate meaning is relayed to the readers.
1. In preparing a research proposal, which of the following is NOT included?
A. Introduction C. Review of Related Literature
For numbers 12-15, write the full and complete title of your research proposal and cite its
B. Materials and Methods D. Summary and Conclusion
Statement of the Problem.
2. It is the first thing that a reader comes across when searching a scientific literature.
A. Abstract C. References
B. Introduction D. Title References & Photo Credits
3. Which of the following information in the research paper is not included in writing the ab-
stract?  Caintic, H.E. & Cruz, J.M. (2008). Scientific Research Manual. C&E Publishing, Inc. South Trian-
A. Purpose of the study C. Statement about the problem gle, Quezon City.
B. References D. Main results  DepEd Schools Division of Iloilo (Module Format)
For numbers , please choose from the choices below. Write the capital letter of the correct  Rabago, L.M. et.al., (2001). Research II: A Guide to Investigatory Projects. Science Education In-
answer. stitute. Department of Science and Technology. Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila
A. Background of the Study D. Significance of the Study
B. Statement of the Problem/ Hypothesis E. Scope and Limitations of the Study
C. Definition of Terms

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